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1、雅思阅读机经真题解析：滑石粉 一切患有雅思阅读刷题强迫症的烤鸭，请看这里。下面给大家带来了雅思阅读机经真题解析-滑石粉，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。雅思阅读机经真题解析-滑石粉Talc PowderA Peter Brigg discovers how talc from Luzenacs Trimouns in France find its way into food and agricultural products - from chewing gum to olive oil. High in the French Pyrenees, some 1,700m
2、above sea level, lies Trimouns, a huge deposit of hydrated magnesium silicate - talc to you and me. Talc from Trimouns, and from ten other Luzenac mines across the globe, is used in the manufacture of a vast array of everyday products extending from paper, paint and plaster to cosmetics, plastics an
3、d car tyres. And of course there is always talcs best known end use: talcum powder for babies1 bottoms. But the true versatility of this remarkable mineral is nowhere better displayed than in its sometimes surprising use in certain niche markets in the food and agriculture industries.B Take, for exa
4、mple, the chewing gum business. Every year, Talc de Luzenac France - which owns and operates the Trimouns mine and is a member of the international Luzenac Group (art of Rio Tinto minerals) supplies about 6,000 tones of talc to chewing gum manufacturers in Europe. Weve been selling to this sector of
5、 the market since the 1960s, says Laurent Fournier, sales manager in Luzenacs Specialties business unit in Toulouse. Admittedly, in terms of our total annual sales of talc, the amount we supply to chewing gum manufacturers is relatively small, but we see it as a valuable niche market: one where cust
6、omers place a premium on securing supplies from a reliable, high quality source. Because of this, long term allegiance to a proven suppler is very much a feature of this sector of die talc market. Switching sources - in the way that you might choose to buy, say, paperclips from Supplier A rather tha
7、n from Supplier B - is not an easy option for chewing gum manufacturers. Fournier says. The cost of reformulating is high, so when customers are using a talc grade that works, even if its expensive, they are understandably reluctant to switch.C But how is talc actually used in the manufacture of che
8、wing gum? Patrick Delord, an engineer with a degree in agronomics, who has been with Luzenac for 22 years and is now senior market development manager, Agriculture and Food, in Europe, explains that chewing gums has four main components. The most important of them is the gum base, he says. Its the g
9、um base that puts the chew into chewing gum. It binds all the ingredients together, creating a soft, smooth texture. To this the manufacturer then adds sweeteners, softeners and flavourings. Our talc is used as a filler in the gum base. The amount vanes between, say, ten and 35 per cent, depending o
10、n the type of gum. Fruit flavoured chewing gum, for example, is slightly acidic and would react with the calcium carbonate that the manufacturer might otherwise use as a filler. Talc, on the other hand, makes an ideal filler because its non-reactive chemically. In the factory, talc is also used to d
11、ust the gum base pellets and to stop the chewing gum sticking during the lamination and packing process, Delord adds.D The chewing gum business is, however, just one example of talcs use in the food sector. For the past 20 years or so, olive oil processors in Spain have been taking advantage of talc
12、s unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oil they extract from crushed olives According to Patrick Delord, talc is especially useful for treating what he calls difficult olives. After the olives are harvested - preferably early in the morning because their taste is better if they ar
13、e gathered in the cool of the day they are taken to the processing plant. There they arc crushed and then stirred for 30-45 minutes. In the old days, the resulting paste was passed through an olive press but nowadays its more common to add water and (K-6IH) the mixture to separate the water and oil
14、from the solid matter The oil and water are then allowed to settle so that the olive oil layer can be )and bottled. “Difficult” olives are those that are more reluctant than the norm to yield up their full oil content. This may be attributable to the particular species of olive, or to its water cont
15、ent and the time of year the olives arc collected - at the beginning and the end of the season their water content is often either too high or too low. These olives are easy to recognize because they produce a lot of extra foam during the stirring process, a consequence of an excess of a fine solid
16、that acts as a natural emulsifier. The oil in this emulsion is lost when the water is disposed of. Not only that, if the waste water is disposed of directly into local fields - often the case in many smaller processing operations - the emulsified oil may take some time to biodegrade and so be harmfu
17、l to the environment.E If you add between a half and two percent of talc by weight during the stirring process, it absorbs the natural emulsifier in the olives and so boosts the amount of oil you can extract, says Delord. In addition, talcs flat, platey structure helps increase the size of the oil d
18、roplets liberated during stirring, which again improves the yield. However, because talc is chemically inert, it doesnt affect the color, taste, appearance or composition of the resulting olive oil.F If the use of talc in olive oil processing and in chewing gum is long established, new applications
19、in the food and agriculture industries arc also constantly being sought by Luzenac. One such promising new market is fruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit can get sunburned. In fact, in very sunny regions up to 45 per cent of a typical crop can be affected by heat
20、 stress and sunburn However, in the case of fruit, its not so much the ultra violet rays which harm the crop as the high surface temperature that the suns rays create.G To combat this, farmers normally use either chemicals or spray a continuous fine canopy of mist above the fruit frees or bushes. Th
21、e trouble is, this uses a lot of water - normally a precious commodity in hot, sunny areas - and it is therefore expensive. Whats more, the ground can quickly become waterlogged. So our idea was to coat the fruit with talc to protect it from the sun, says Greg Hunter, a marketing specialist who has
22、been with Luzenac for ten years. But to do this, several technical challenges had first to be overcome. Talc is very hydrophobic: it doesnt like water. So in order to have a viable product we needed a wettable powder - something that would go readily into suspension so that it could be sprayed onto
23、the fruit. It also had to break the surface tension of the cutin (the natural waxy, waterproof layer on the fruit) and of course it had to wash off easily when the fruit was harvested. No-ones going to want an apple thats covered in talc.H Initial trials in the state of Washington in 2003 showed tha
24、t when the product was sprayed onto Granny Smith apples, it reduced their surface temperature and lowered the incidence of sunburn by up to 60 per cent. Today the new product, known as Invelop Maximum SPF, is in its second commercial year on the US market. Apple growers are the primary target althou
25、gh Hunter believes grape growers represent another sector with long term potential. He is also hopeful of extending sales to overseas markets such as Australia, South America and southern Europe.Question 27-32Use the information in the passage to match each use of tale power with correct application
26、 from A. B or C. Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.NB you may use any letter more than once.A. Fruit protectionB. Chewing gum businessC. Olive oil extraction27 Talc is used to increase the size of drops.28 Talc is applied to reduce foaming.29 Talc is employed as a
27、 filler of base.30 Talc is modified and prevented sunburn.31 Talc is added to stop stickiness.32 Talc is used to increase production.Questions 33-38Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your a
28、nswers in boxes 33-38 on your answer sheet.Spanish olive oil industry has been using talc in oil extraction process for about_33_years. It is useful in dealing with difficult olives which often produce high amount of_34_because of the high content of solid materials. When smaller factories release_3
29、5_, it could be_36_to the environment because it is hard to_37_and usually lakes lime as it contains emulsified oil. However, talc power added in the process is able to absorb the emulsifier oil. It improves the oil extraction production, because with aid of talc powder, size of oil_38_increased.Que
30、stion 39-40Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.39 In which process is talc used to dear the stickiness of chewing gum?40 Which group of farmers does Invelop intend to target in a long view?
31、*题目：滑石粉篇章结构体裁论说文题目滑石粉结构（一句话概括每段大意）A段：滑石粉的主要用途B段：滑石粉在口香糖市场中的用途C段：滑石粉在口香糖制作中的原理D段：滑石粉在其他食品中的应用E段：滑石粉在食品中的应用原理F段：滑石粉在水果保护中的应用G段：滑石粉对水果的保护作用原理H段：水果保护作用的市场拓展试题分析Question 27-32题目类型：搭配题解题思路：可以先去定位A,B,C三个选项中内容所对应的文段，然后从27-32中的题干去搜寻相符合的，而不是一个一个题目去找，这样会比较节省时间题号定位词文中对应点题目解析27Increase，size，E段第三句话根据*大意将C选项个橄榄油提取
32、的内容定位到E段，第三句话，提到滑石粉的结构有助于增加挥发油滴的体积，故可以判断27题与C相连28FoamD段倒数第四句话根据关键词定位到D段，原文中提到搅拌过程中会产生很多泡沫，后面提出因此要加上滑石粉来减少泡沫。29Base，fillC段倒数第8行根据关键词定位到C段原文“our talc is used as a filler in the gum base”。故是关于口香糖行业的内容，选B30Sun，fruitG段第四句话根据sunburn这个词可以定位到G段，第四句表明滑石粉可以起到保护水果免受日晒的作用，故选A31StickingC段最后一句话根据statement中的”stick
33、ness“这个词可以定位到C段结尾部分，原文说滑石粉可以防止口香糖在挤压过程中与包装粘在一起，所以跟statement表述的意思是一致的32boost，amountE段第一句话*中提到可以”boosts the amount of oil you can extract”跟题干上表述一直Question 33-38题目类型：总结题题号定位词文中对应点题目解析33spanish olive oilD段第二句话根据spanish olive oil定位到D段，*提到橄榄油制造利用滑石粉已经二十年。34High amount ofD段倒数第四句话根据关键词定位到D段，原文中提到搅拌过程中会产生很多泡
34、沫，后面提出因此要加上滑石粉来减少泡沫。所以填“foam”35FactoryD段倒数第二句话根据关键词定位到D段结尾，原文提到“waste water”36EnvironmentD段最后一句话根据关键词定位到D段结尾，文中提到这种乳化油分解对环境的影响是“harmful”的37同上D段最后一句话问harmful的原因。原文有明确提出，是由于“hard to biodegrade”，难以生物降解38Size，increaseE段第三句话*说到在橄榄油提取过程中，挥发的油滴体积会增加，“increase the size of the oil droplets”Question 39-40题目类型
35、：问答题39Stickiness，chewing gunC段最后一句话题目中问到在哪一个过程中滑石粉是用于来减少口香糖粘度的，这个跟上面第31题比较近似，可以先定位到C段结尾，可看到*中明确给出是“during the lamination and packing process”40Invelop，long-term potentialH段倒数第二句S首先根据“invelop”定位到H段，题目问哪个组织的种植者是invelop打算长期去关注投资的，倒数第二句给出答案是“grape grower”参考答案：Version24109主题滑石粉27C28C29B30A31B32C332034foa
36、m35waste water36harmful37biodegrade38droplets39Lamination and packing40Grape growers雅思阅读的list of heading技巧全解01 首先在list of headings中划去做为例子的heading 或headings，以免在根据段落内容在list of headings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题时，它(它们)会干扰考试者对其他headings的选择。02 在*中把做为例子的段落划掉，以免对例子段落进行不必要的精读。03对题目中给出的段落，按照首句(第一、二句)、末句和中间句寻找主题句的方法，在list
37、 of headings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。除此之外还有段落标题类雅思阅读解题技巧吗?还有四个重要技巧!1如果时间允许，按照*的段落顺序，对非题目中给出的段落及例子段落进行快速阅读。而对题目中给出并要求找出与其相匹配的段落标题的段落进行精读。找出其中心意思后，再在list of headings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。2选出几个可能匹配的题目进行比较(通常两至三个)，当然其中只能有一个为正确答案。3对于第一种匹配题型可以将最难的题留在最后进行匹配，不要在较难的题上花费更多的时间，而应选择较易回答的题目进行匹配，最后所剩即为该难题的答案。4要仔细检察答案，特别是第一题型，因为答错一题，就意味着答错两道题。
