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1、雅思阅读4大类型同义词替换讲解 在雅思阅读考试中，“理解”就是要能够正确识别用两种不同表达方式描述的同一事物。下面给大家带来了雅思阅读4大类型同义词替换讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧雅思阅读4大类型同义词替换讲解做雅思阅读就两种人，第一种是每个字都认识，句子读得又懂又快，比如说我，嘿嘿嘿。还有一种技术流，就是会有一些不懂的词句，但是题目能看懂，而且能把题目和原文联系起来，这样也是可以做对绝大多数的题的。当然如果你一句话中不认识的词比认识的还多，那赶快滚去背单词去。第一种方式需要一定量的积累，如果大家有冲击高分的诉求,可以长期积累. 对于多数考生来说练习第二种会更加高效
2、。那么问题来了，怎么找和原文对应的地方呢，这也是阅读考察重点之一:同义替换, 我们先要明确一点，同义替换不是同义词, 而是对同一事物的不同表达方式，比同义词的范围要更宽所以我们来一起看一看常见的替换类型1描述型替换题目和原文是现象对应本质，概念对应例子, 或单词对其解释。比如老师认真回答学生问题, 批改作业到深夜，原文中说有职业责任感，这个就是同义替换.我们以真题为例：“题目：The consumption of fossil fuel would be cut because agricultural vehicles would beunnecessary. C11”“原文：It woul
3、d reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.”其中vehicles对应其中的一种例子tractor，unnecessary对应其词义解释cutting out the need for，再比如：C8 chemical fertilizer and pesticide，farming grow plants and herd animalsC9 serious problemsnuclear war and pollution，C10 a range of functio
4、ns gathering, leisure, relaxation, worshipC11 Unnecessarycutting out the need for很明显不属于同义词, 但却是对同一事物的不同表达方式, 多个词对应一个词.这在雅思中出现几率非常大. 这种替换找不到就会很恼火,因为全是你认识的词, 但是就是脑子转不过来, 所以需要大家有这么一个意识, 不要按同义词严丝合缝的去找替换.2同义词替换此类替换比较复杂，也非常常见。比如:题目:Much effort is made and correct answers are emphasized C6T3原文:The emphasis
5、 is on hard work coupled with a focus on accuracy.其中Much efforthard work, andcoupled with, correct answersaccuracy, emphasisfocus on但是有些题目，大家会发现词都认识，但感觉不到其间的替换关系?原因很简单，这些单词你并不认识。中英单词不是一一对应的，单词的核心意思具体语境下会有变化，拘泥于中文含义理解单词则体会不出单词的语境意，也就找不到替换了。题目: the most important step is for school authorities to prod
6、uce a _ policy _C6T4原文:A key step is to develop a policy onproduce和develop 能不能叫替换词?生产和发展,乍一看好像不是。理解词义的最好方式是看英英词典, 但大家能坚持做到的不会很多, 所以大家可以尝试方式, 用中文解释其中文词义，解释后的部分更贴近单词的核心词义。“生产”和“发展”都是弄出了一个什么新的东西, 本义是相近的.再比如原文： detect(侦查)the flaws题目： locate(定位)the faultsDetect和locate都有“寻找的位置”的意思，本质上是有相同的含义的。原文：there is
7、damage to property too.题目： does considerable damage to buildings这就是一词多义，有些词义比较接近，有些相差较远，这在语言中是一个很常见的现象，比如在汉语中，问：小红，你有腿毛吗?答：有个毛啊!粗暴地背中文词义很难能解决问题, 大家应该尝试去理解单词在不同语境、针对不同对象时词义的变化。至于怎么背阅读的词, 咱们日后再说.3词性转换单词的后缀决定词性，大多数情况下后缀改变不影响词义，少部分词有词义的变化。Consume consumptionsecrete secretionsfertilize fertilizerscreativ
8、ity creativeinvestigative investigatehalf halveprefer preferenceemit emissionerror erroneousmedical medicine当我们确定要找的题目中的词不认识时，我们只能找到它在原文中的原词重或词性转换。大家可以在背单词时留心一下词缀部分，不用去背名词后缀有什么，动词后缀有什么，你只需要逆向看到这个后缀能联系到题目中的词即可。4逻辑词的替换主要考察四种逻辑：因果，并列，转折，否定，考察的较少，但是也偶尔会成为出题点因果：because for，as，since，result in，therefore，co
9、ntribute to，breed“因为”“导致”都含有一个 因果关系的替换，有因就有果。并列：and as well as， first second third，range fromto转折：but however，despite， although“尽管”“但是” 都有一个让步转折的逻辑，比如：虽然你长得丑，但是你想得美啊。在英语中出现了although则不会出现but，否定：not 如果题目中有否定词，经常可以拿来优先寻找，因为全文大多是肯定句，少数是否定句，会更加好寻找一些，比如：lack、 vanish、 in need of、little、fail to, 以及有less、fre
10、e等否定后缀的词。雅思阅读摘要题讲解-Johnsons DictionaryJohnsons DictionaryFor the century before Johnsons Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language. There was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to th
11、e chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall of hard usuall English wordes. Li
12、ke the various dictionaries that came after it during the seventeenth century, Cawdrays tended to concentrated on scholarly words; one function of the dictionary was to enable its student to convey an impression of fine learning.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dicti
13、onaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer - lexical as well as social and commercial, It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in h
14、is own time as in ours, should have Johnson himself was stationed on a rickety chair at an old crazy deal table.surrounded by a chaos of borrowed books. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the Dictionary was still in preparation.The work was immense; filling about eighty la
15、rge notebooks (and without a library to hand). Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations drawn from English writing on every subject from the Elizabethans to his own time. He did not expect to achieve complete originality. Wo
16、rking to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis. In fact it was very much more. Unlike his predecessors, Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning. He adopted his de
17、finitions on the principle of English common law -according to precedent. After its publication, his Dictionary was not seriously rivalled for over a century.After many vicissitudes the Dictionary was finally published on 15 April 1775. It was instantly recognised as a landmark throughout Europe. Th
18、is very noble work. wrote the leading Italian lexicographer. will be a perpetual monument of Fame to the Author, an Honour to his own Country in particular, and a general Benefit to Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the f
19、irst French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.Johnson had worked for nine years, with little assistance of the learned, and without any patronage of the great not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter of academic bowers, but amidst inconvenience and di
20、straction, in sickness and in sorrow. For all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words, setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining the significations of English words. It is the cornerstone o
21、f Standard English, an achievement which, in James Boswells words, conferred stability on the language of his country.The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George III to offer him a pension. From then
22、 on, he was to become the Johnson of folklore.Questions 4-7Complete the summary.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS front the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-7 on your answer sheet.In 1764 Dr Johnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. Having rented a garret, he took on a
23、number of 4. , who stood at a long central desk. Johnson did not have a 5.available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. On publication, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark. According t
24、o his biographer, James Boswell, Johnsons principal achievement was to bring 6.to the English language. As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a 7.by the king.长难句练习：1. Beyond the practical need to make orders out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English rn
25、iddle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer-lexical as well as social and commercial.参考译文：除了规范英语混乱状态的实际需要外，英语字典的兴盛也与英国中产阶级的兴起有关。这些中产阶级渴望对各种要征服的坏境进行定义和约束、包括词汇环境、社会环境和商业环境。知识点:circumscribe：限制;约束The Presidents power is circumscribed by Congress and the Supreme
26、 Court.总统的权利受到国会和最高法院的限制。Travel is only one of many instances of circumscribed existence.旅行只不过是生活中受到限制的许多事件之一。2. After its publication, his Dictionary was not seriously rivalled for over a century.参考译文：约翰逊的字典出版后，在长达一个多世纪的时间里，都没有出现一本真正能与其相媲美的字典。知识点：rival:1)与竞争 rival sb. for priority与某人争夺优先权2)与匹敌;比得上N
27、o one can rival him in eloquence.没人能敌得过他的口才。The college s facilities rival those of Havard and Yale.这所大学的设施可以与哈佛、耶鲁的相媲美。雅思阅读机经真题解析-Agriculture and TourismALinkages between the Agri-Food Sector and Tourism offer significant opportunities for the development of both sectors within the region. These li
28、nkages could lead to ensuring the sustainability (可持续性) of the regions tourism product thus ensuring it preservation. Agriculture and tourism two of Wisconsins most industries are teaming up in southwestern Wisconsin (美国，威斯康辛州). A pilot project has found that tourists, rural communities, and some fa
29、rmers could benefit from stronger efforts to promote and market agricultural tourism there. In 1990, agricultural tourism project members surveyed 290 visitors to the annual Monroe Cheese Festival and 164 visitors to the Picnic on the Farm, a one-time event held in Platteville in conjunction with th
30、e Chicago Bears summer training camp. More than one-half of those surveyed responded favorably to a proposed tour, saying they would be interested in participating in some type of agricultural tour in southwestern Wisconsin. Survey respondents reported that they would prefer to visit cheese factorie
31、s, sausage processing plants, dairy farms, and historical farm sites, as well as enjoy an old-fashioned picnic dinner. The study also found strong interest in visiting specialty farms (strawberries, cranberries, poultry, etc.). More than 75 percent of the Cheese Day visitors planned ahead for the tr
32、ip, with 37 percent planning at least two months in advance.BMore than 40 percent of the visitors came to Monroe for two- or three-day visits. Many stopped at other communities on their way to Cheese Days. Visitor at both events indicated that they were there to enjoy themselves and were willing to
33、spend money on food and arts and crafts. They also wanted the opportunity to experience the country while there. The study found that planning around existing events should take into account what brought visitors to the area and provide additional attractions that will appeal to them. For example, v
34、isitors to Cheese Days said they were on a holiday and appeared to be more open to various tour proposals. Picnic visitors came specifically to see the Chicago Bears practice They showed less interest in a proposed agricultural tour than Cheese Day visitors, but more interest in a picnic dinner.CThe
35、 study identified three primary audiences for agricultural tourism: 1) elderly people who take bus tours to see the country; 2) families interested in tours that could be enjoyed by both parents and children; and 3) persons already involved in agriculture, including international visitors. Agricultu
36、ral tourism can serve to educate urban tourists about the problems and challenges facing farmers, says Andy Lewis, Grant county community development agent. While agriculture is vital to Wisconsin, more and more urban folk are becoming isolated from the industry. In fact, Lewis notes, farmers are ju
37、st as interested in the educational aspects of agricultural tours as they are in any financial returns.D“Farmers feel that urban consumers are out of touch with farming,Lewis says. If tourists can be educated on issues that concern farmers, those visits could lead to policies more favorable to agric
38、ulture. Animal rights and the environment are examples of two issues that concern both urban consumers and farmers. Farm tours could help consumers get the farmers perspective on these issues, Lewis notes. Several Wisconsin farms already offer some type of learning experience for tourists. However,
39、most agricultural tourism enterprises currently market their businesses independently, leading to a lack of a concerted effort to promote agricultural tourism as an industry.ELewis is conducting the study with Jean Murphy, assistant community development agent. Other participants include UW-Plattevi
40、lle Agricultural Economist Bob Acton, the Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems. UW-Extension Recreation Resources Center, the Wisconsin Rural Development Center, and Hidden Valleys, a Southwestern Wisconsin regional tourism organization. This past fall. Murphy organized several workshops with
41、some Green and Grant County farmers, local business leaders, and motor coach tour operators to discuss how best to organize and put on farm tours. Committees were formed to look at the following: tour site evaluations, inventory of the areas resources, tour marketing, and familiarization of tours. T
42、he fourth committee is organizing tours for people such as tour bus guides and local reporters to help better educate them about agricultural tourism. Green County farmers already have experience hosting visitors during the annual Monroe Cheese Days. Green county Tourism Director Larry Lindgren says
43、 these farmers are set to go ahead with more formal agricultural tours next year. The tours will combine a farm visit with a visit to a local cheese factory and a picnic lunch.FAnother farm interested in hosting an organized tour is Sinsinawa, a 200-acre Grant County farm devoted to sustainable agri
44、culture and run by the Dominican Sisters. Education plays a major role at the farm, which has an orchard, dairy and beef cows, and hogs. Farm tours could be combined with other activities in the area such as trips to the Mississippi River and/or visits to historical towns or landmarks, Lewis says. T
45、he project will help expose farmers to the tourism industry and farm vacations as a way to possibly supplement incomes, he adds. While farm families probably wouldnt make a lot of money through farm tours, they would be compensated for their time, says Lewis.GFarmers could earn additional income thr
46、ough the sale of farm products, crafts, and recreational activities. Below are results from the 1990 survey of Monroe Cheese Days and Picnic on the Farm visitors .Question 1-4The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-GWhich paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-G i
47、n boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.1. About half of all the tourists would spend several days in Monroe.2. Most visitors responded positively to a survey project on farm tour.3. Cooperation across organizations in research for agriculture tours has been carried out.4. Agriculture tour assist tourists
48、to understand more issues concerning animal and environment.Question 5-9Which of following statements belongs to the visitor categories in the boxPlease choose A, B or C for each question.Write the correct letter A, B or C, in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.A
