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1、雅思阅读判断题解析 在雅思阅读冲刺阶段，很多同学都在盲目做题，只要是阅读题就全部做。这样是不科学的，在冲刺阶段，需要着重看一些经典阅读题目，吸取宝贵经验。下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。阅读冲刺丨雅思阅读判断题解析Q2： In cosmic history,radiation dominated universe before matter did so.问题： 为什么是选 YES，好象在*里找不到。解答： 原文第 4 和第 5 自然段描述了过程先后的时间顺序。Q4： In cosmologists debates, the big bang and inflation theories de
2、feated their alternatives such as the steady state theory.问题： 原文 Cosmologists have settled the disputes that once animated their field, such as the old debates between the big bang theory and the steady state theory and between inflation and its alternatives. Noting in science is absolutely certain,
3、 but researchers now feel that their time is best spent on deeper questions, beginning with the cause of the cosmic acceleration. 我看到关于 the big bang and inflation theories and the steady state theory 的只有这一段，可是没有表明他们 Q4 啊，为什么 Q4 选 TURE,而不是 NOT GIVEN 呢?解答： *说科学家已经解决了这些争论(have settled the disputes)要么是同
4、意了老观点，要么是同意了新观点。该段最后又说科学家已经把注意力放到了寻找 the cause of cosmic acceleration(新观点)上了。那么理解起来不就是新的观点被科学家们认同了吗?同时请注意文中的两个并列结构：the old debates between the big bang theory and the steady state theory and between inflation and its alternatives，下划线为新观点。该题考段内上下文联合理解。Q5： Cosmologists initial responses to the revolut
5、ionary discoveries were always conservative.问题： *用词是 fairly 题目中是 always.为什么不是NO而是NG呢?如果*中用词是often，但是题目中 sometimes 是F(见 Morse Code Q6)，两个有什么区别吗?解答： fairly 是“相当地”的意思，表达程度;always 是“经常”的意思，表频率;所以是 NG。而often 和 sometimes 都是表频率，可以比较，而且不同。Q6： The law of gravity works in entirely distinct manners on small an
6、d gigantic scale.问题： 可以在*倒数第二段最后一句找到定位，可是*中提到的 gigantic 和题目是一样的，至于题目中的 small *是没有的.而不知道的*中的 humble 是不是和 small同一个意思，如果是，应该选T，如果不是应该是N，怎么会是NG呢?解答： humble 和 small 是同一个意思，但题目中是 entirely，文中是 maybe，题目中可能性缩小，故选 NG。雅思阅读全真练习系列：Why did a promising heart drug failWhy did a promising heart drug fail?Doomed drug
7、 highlights complications of meddling with cholesterol.1. The failure of a high-profile cholesterol drug has thrown a spotlight on the complicated machinery that regulates cholesterol levels. But many researchers remain confident that drugs to boost levels of good cholesterol are still one of the mo
8、st promising means to combat spiralling heart disease.2. Drug company Pfizer announced on 2 December that it was cancelling all clinical trials of torcetrapib, a drug designed to raise heart-protective high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). In a trial of 15000 patients, a safety board found that more peo
9、ple died or suffered cardiovascular problems after taking the drug plus a cholesterol-lowering statin than those in a control group who took the statin alone.3. The news came as a kick in the teeth to many cardiologists because earlier tests in animals and people suggested it would lower rates of ca
10、rdiovascular disease. There have been no red flags to my knowledge, says John Chapman, a specialist in lipoproteins and atherosclerosis at the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) in Paris who has also studied torcetrapib. This cancellation came as a complete shock.4. Torcetra
11、pib is one of the most advanced of a new breed of drugs designed to raise levels of HDLs, which ferry cholesterol out of artery-clogging plaques to the liver for removal from the body. Specifically, torcetrapib blocks a protein called cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), which normally transfe
12、rs the cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins to low density, plaque-promoting ones. Statins, in contrast, mainly work by lowering the bad low-density lipoproteins.Under pressure5. Researchers are now trying to work out why and how the drug backfired, something that will not become clear until t
13、he clinical details are released by Pfizer. One hint lies in evidence from earlier trials that it slightly raises blood pressure in some patients. It was thought that this mild problem would be offset by the heart benefits of the drug. But it is possible that it actually proved fatal in some patient
14、s who already suffered high blood pressure. If blood pressure is the explanation, it would actually be good news for drug developers because it suggests that the problems are specific to this compound. Other prototype drugs that are being developed to block CETP work in a slightly different way and
15、might not suffer the same downfall.6. But it is also possible that the whole idea of blocking CETP is flawed, says Moti Kashyap, who directs atherosclerosis research at the VA Medical Center in Long Beach, California. When HDLs excrete cholesterol in the liver, they actually rely on LDLs for part of
16、 this process. So inhibiting CETP, which prevents the transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL, might actually cause an abnormal and irreversible accumulation of cholesterol in the body. Youre blocking a physiologic mechanism to eliminate cholesterol and effectively constipating the pathway, says Kas
17、hyap.Going up7. Most researchers remain confident that elevating high density lipoproteins levels by one means or another is one of the best routes for helping heart disease patients. But HDLs are complex and not entirely understood. One approved drug, called niacin, is known to both raise HDL and r
18、educe cardiovascular risk but also causes an unpleasant sensation of heat and tingling. Researchers are exploring whether they can bypass this side effect and whether niacin can lower disease risk more than statins alone. Scientists are also working on several other means to bump up high-density lip
19、oproteins by, for example, introducing synthetic HDLs. The only thing we know is dead in the water is torcetrapib, not the whole idea of raising HDL, says Michael Miller, director of preventive cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore.(613 words nature)Questions 1-7This pas
20、sage has 7 paragraphs 1-7.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi. How does torcetrapib work?ii. Contradictory result prior to the current trialiii. One failure may possibly bring
21、about future successiv. The failure doesnt lead to total loss of confidencev. It is the right route to followvi. Why its stoppedvii. They may combine and theoretically produce ideal resultviii. Whats wrong with the drugix. It might be wrong at the first placeExample answerParagraph 1 iv1. Paragraph
22、22. Paragraph 33. Paragraph 44. Paragraph 55. Paragraph 66. Paragraph 7Questions 7-13Match torcetrapib，HDLs，statin and CETP with their functions (Questions 8-13).Write the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.7.It has been administer
23、ed to over 10,000 subjects in a clinical trial.8.It could help rid human body of cholesterol.9.Researchers are yet to find more about it.10. It was used to reduce the level of cholesterol.11. According to Kashyap, it might lead to unwanted result if its blocked.12. It produced contradictory results
24、in different trials.13. It could inhibit LDLs.List of choicesA. TorcetrapicB. HDLSC. StatinD. CETP雅思阅读全真练习系列：The Triumph of UnreasonThe Triumph of Unreason?A.Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to
25、extract maximum benefit (or “utility”, in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotionseven when reason is clearly involved.B.The role of emotions i
26、n decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past, such as obtaining food and mates, and confronting or fleeing from threats, the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the me
27、chanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes, evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?C.One of the people who thinks that
28、 it does not is George Loewenstein, an economist at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh. In particular, he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists, Brian
29、 Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.D.In a study, the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a
30、DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another. In each round of the task, the researchers first presented the product and then its price, with each step lasting four seconds. In the final stage, which also lasted four seconds, they asked the volunteers to make u
31、p their minds. While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment, the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain, as an indication of its activity.E.The researchers found t
32、hat different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test. The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed. Moreover, the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.F.When the price appeared, howev
33、er, fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain. Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex, a brain region linked to expectations of pain, monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures. The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain w
34、hen the subject decided not to purchase an item.G.Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex, too. This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation. In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteers reaction to both product and price, rather than to price a
35、lone. Thus, the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex, and this often preceded a decision to buy.H.Peoples shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards. W
36、hat Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex), even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex. His hypothesis
37、is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives, as orthodox economics suggests happens, people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.I.That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for
38、 trading. If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time), the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded. Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason. Buying on credit, though, may be different. The abstract nature of cr
39、edit cards, coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise, may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”.J.Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing. These will test whether people with distin
40、ctly different spending behaviour, such as miserliness and extravagance, experience different amounts of pain in response to prices. They will also assess whether, in the same individuals, buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash. If they find that it does, then credit ca
41、rds may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods, and recreational drugs, that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste.Questions 1-6Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage
42、 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. The belief of neoclassical economics does not accord with the
43、 increasing evidence that humans make use of the emotions to make decisions.2. Animals are urged by emotion to strive for an optimal outcomes or extract maximum utility from any situation.3. George Loewenstein thinks that modern ways of shopping tend to allow people to accumulate their debts.4. The
44、more active the nucleus accumens was, the stronger the desire of people for the product in question became.5. The prefrontal cortex of the human brain is linked to monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures.6. When the activity in nucleus accumbens was increased by the sense of a good barga
45、in, people tended to purchase coffee.Questions 7-9Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-9 on your answe sheet.7. Which of the following statements about orthodox economics is true?A. The process which people make their decisions is rational.B. People have a clear idea of their
46、 best interests in any situation.C. Humans make judgement on the basis of reason rather then emotion.D. People weigh the present good against future alternatives in shopping.8. The word “miserliness” in line 3 of Paragraph J means_.A. peoples behavior of buying luxurious goodsB. peoples behavior of
47、buying very special itemsC. peoples behavior of being very mean in shoppingD. peoples behavior of being very generous in shopping9. The three researchers are now designing the future experiments, which testA. whether people with very different spending behaviour experience different amounts of pain
48、in response to products.B. whether buying an item with credit cards eases the pain of the same individuals compared with paying for it by cash.C. whether the abstract nature of credit cards may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”.D. whether the credit cards may subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable but with a terrible effect.Questions 10-13Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Re
