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1、雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析 同义替换是雅思考试的重点考察方式，遍布听说读写4科，在雅思阅读上，则是举足轻重的存在，可谓得同义替换者，得雅思阅读天下。给大家带来了雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析首先，我们来看一道雅思阅读判断题，选自C5-P42-Q13 Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours.本题定位原文最后一段难度不大，但很多同学把最后一段看了一遍又一遍，还是没有结果。大家也不妨试一下。原文如下:Baekelands inventio
2、n, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrial expansion - the material of a thousand uses,. Being both non-porous and heat-r
3、esistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab bro
4、wns of the pre-plastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors marketplace, and museums, societ
5、ies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.实际上，此题就运用了雅思阅读同义替换之上义词替换下义词这一伎俩。我们可以通过colours 定位到原文这样的信息 no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era。也就是将colours替换了文中大部分学员比较熟悉browns。由于看出limit与restrict的替换难度并不
6、大，那么此题与原文中no longer矛盾，选FALSE也就很轻松了。其实，不仅仅是判断题，在雅思阅读填空题中的应用也让不少学员尝到很多苦头。我们再看一个例子，选自C6-P29-Q40 . produce is particularly expensive. 此题在原文中的定位难度也不大，很多学员都定位了如下的原文内容。Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply
7、 ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around ?7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat.但是，具体答案定位哪一句，很多同学犯了难，原文中根本就没有与答案最为密切的produce。我们再仔细分析一下，原来题干中的produce (农产品)可以替换原文中meat，答案也就是imported了。在这里，我只能说不熟悉这种命题思路的烤鸭被害惨了。其实，相比以上
8、两种题型，上义词与下义词在雅思阅读段落信息配对题的出现频率更高。比如，C9-P93-Q18：reference to a possible link between culture and a particular form of behaviour, 其中a particular form of behaviour替换了原文H段的a struggle over toy, 再比如C9-P43-Q5： a list of medical conditions which place some children more at risk from noise than others，其中medic
9、al conditions替换了原文D段的 hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD)。我们发现，题干中的名词可能会作为上义词来考查，回原文定位时需要留意该词的具体化概念，并谨记题上文下的雅思阅读同义替换原则。雅思分类词汇：教育instruction, education 教育culture 文化primary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育the three
10、 Rs 读、写、算school year 学年term, trimester 学季semester 学期school day 教学日school holidays 假期curriculum 课程subject 学科discipline 纪律timetable 课程表class, lesson 课homework 家庭作业exercise 练习dictation 听写spelling mistake 拼写错误(short) course 短训班seminar 研讨班playtime, break 课间,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃学,旷课course (of
11、 study) 学业student body 学生(总称)classmate, schoolmate 同学pupil 小学生student 大学生schoolboy 男生schoolgirl 女生auditor 旁听生swot, grind 用功的学生old boy 老生grant, scholarship, fellowship 奖学金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者school uniform 校服teaching staff 教育工作者(总称)teachers 教师(总称)primary school teacher 小学老师teache
12、r lecturer 大学老师professor 教授schooling 教授,授课assistant 助教headmaster 校长 (女性为:headmistress)deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长rector 校长dean 教务长laboratory assistant, lab assistant 实验员beadle, porter 门房,学校工友games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师pedagogue 文学教师(蔑称)of school age 教
13、龄beginning of term 开学matriculation 注册to enroll, to enroll 予以注册to take lessons (学生)上课to teach (老师)上课to study 学习to learn by heart 记住,掌握to revise, to go over 复习test 考试to test 考试to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 参加考试convocation notice 考试通知examiner 考试者board of examiners
14、考试团examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试question 问题question paper 试卷crib 夹带 (美作:trot)to pass an examination (或exam), 通过考试pass, passing grade 升级prizegiving 分配奖品to fall an examination 未通过考试failure 未考好to repeat a year 留级degree 学位graduate 毕业生to graduate 毕业project, thesis 毕业论文General Certificate of
15、 Education 中学毕业证书 (美作:high school diploma)holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生 (美作:holder of a high school diploma)doctorate 博士学位doctor 博士competitive examination 答辩考试Chinese 语文English 英语Japanese 日语mathematics 数学science 理科gymnastics 体育history 历史algebra 代数geometry 几何geography 地理biology
16、 生物chemistry 化学physics 物理physical geography 地球物理literature 文学sociology 社会学psycology 心理学philosophy 哲学engineering 工程学mechanical engineering 机械工程学electronic engineering 电子工程学medicine 医学social science 社会科学agriculture 农学astronomy 天文学economics 经济学politics 政治学commercial science 商学biochemistry 生物化学anthropol
17、ogy 人类学linguistics 语言学accounting 会计学law, jurisprdence 法学banking 银行学metallurgy 冶金学finance 财政学mass-communication 大众传播学journalism 新闻学atomic energy 原子能学civil engineering 土木工程architecture 建筑学chemical, engineering 化学工程accounting and statisics 会计统计business administration 工商管理library 图书馆学diplomacy 外交foreign
18、 language 外文botany 植物major 主修minor 辅修school 学校kindergarten 幼儿园infant school 幼儿学校primary school, junior school 小学secondary school 中学high school, secondary school 专科学校business school 商业学校technical school 工业学校technical college 专科学校(university) campus 大学university 大学boarding school 供膳宿的学校day school 日校,无
19、宿舍学校,走读学校day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走读学生academy 专科学院faculty 系hall of residence 学校公寓classroom 教室lecture theatre 阅览室 (美作:lecture theater)amphitheatre 阶梯教室 (美作:amphitheater)staff room 教研室headmasters study, headmasters office 校长办公室(assembly) hall 礼堂library 图书馆playground 操场desk 课桌blackboard
20、 黑板(a piece of) chalk 粉笔slate pencil 石板笔wall map 挂图skeleton map 轮廓图,示意图globe 地球仪text book 课本dictionary 词典encyclopedia 百科全书atlas 地图集satchel 书包exercise book 练习本rough not book 草稿本 (美作:scribbling pad)blotting paper 吸墨纸tracing paper 描图纸squared paper, graph paper 坐标纸(fountain) pen 自来水笔biro, ballpoint (pen
21、) 圆珠笔pencil 铅笔propelling pencil 自动铅笔pencil sharpener 铅笔刀,转笔刀ink 墨水inkwell 墨水池rubber, eraser 橡皮ruler, rule 尺slide rule 计算尺set square 三角板protractor 量角器compass, pair of compasses 圆规雅思分类词汇：蔬菜名称tomato 番茄,西红柿asparagus 芦笋cucumber 黄瓜aubergine, eggplant 茄子bean 菜豆beet, beetroot 甜菜pepper 胡椒pimiento 甜椒potato 马铃
22、薯carrot 胡萝卜cauliflower 菜花,花椰菜pumpkin 西葫芦broad bean 蚕豆cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜chilli 辣椒garlic 蒜chive 葱fennel 茴香cos lettuce 莴苣marrow 嫩葫芦melon 香瓜,甜瓜mushroom, celery 芹菜onion 韭leek 韭菜radish 萝卜tarragon 狭叶青蒿thyme 百里香mushroom 蘑菇artichoke 洋蓟broccoli, brocoli 硬花甘蓝Brussels sprouts 芽甘蓝caper 刺山柑,老鼠瓜cardoon 刺菜蓟chervil 雪维菜,细叶芹chick-pea 鹰嘴豆chicory 苣荬菜cress 水田芥cumin, cummin 孜然芹,枯茗dandelion 蒲公英French bean 法国菜豆gherkin 嫩黄瓜horseradish 辣根Jerusalem artichoke 洋姜,鬼子姜kale 无头甘蓝kohlrabi 甘蓝laurel 月桂lentil 兵豆lettuce 莴苣lupin 羽扇豆 (美作:lupine)parsley 欧芹parsnip 欧防风pea 豌豆rhubarb 大黄salsify 婆罗门参sorrel 掌叶大黄truffle 块菌turnip 芜菁watercress 豆瓣菜
