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1、雅思阅读配对题之如何应对“人物+理论” 雅思阅读配对题-如何应对“人物+理论”，一起来学习吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。雅思阅读配对题-如何应对“人物+理论”雅思阅读搭配题 -1具体人名(通常出现first name + last name)搭配理论例如：剑桥4教材Test 2当中的 Reading Passage 1 Lost for words当中的Question 5-8雅思阅读搭配题 -2集合人物(通常是某些种族、国际或者社会团体)搭配理论例如：剑桥8教材Test 1当中的 Reading Passage 1 A Chronicle of Timekeeping当中的Questi
2、on 5-8在绝大多数的雅思真题当中，本类题型基本上需要考生在整篇*当中寻找相关的信息，所以其所覆盖的范围相对比较大。本类题型的定位可以说是所有搭配题当中相对比较容易的，因为人物本身就是雅思阅读当中相对比较好找的定位词，所以无论人物是出现在这种类型题目的题干还是选项当中，他们都可以作为定位词。但是有两点需要注意：? 人物可能在原文当中不止出现一次，也就是说同一组人群或者同一个人物可能出现在不同的段落当中，而且在同一个段落当中，人物可能还出现在不止一句话当中，所以这些相对应的句子或者段落都是我们需要进行解题的目标范围;? 如果雅思阅读题目是具体人名(通常出现first name + last n
3、ame)理论型搭配题，那么人物在第一次出现的时候一定会是完整的first name + last name的形式，但是从人物第二次出现开始，一般都只出现该人物的last name，所以考生在定位的时候需要极其注意不要漏掉任何一个人物出现的句子。比如说：Michael Jackson如果第一次在*中出现，那么一定是完整的first name + last name的形式，但是当他第二次或者第三次出现的时候，一般就只会出现Jackson了，也就是他的last name。雅思阅读搭配题 -解题关键如同事物+特征类搭配题一样，人物+理论类题目也要在解题之前注意题干和选项数量的配比。在这种题目当中，有时
4、候在题目的要求当中会出现NB的要求，也就是小提示：You may use any letter more than once.在这个时候如果选项是人物的话，NB的要求的出现就意味着有一个人物会被选到两次，而根据经验，这个重复选择的人物通常都是原文当中出现最多的人物。例如：剑桥4教材Test 2当中的 Reading Passage 1 Lost for words后面的Question 5-8当中，因为题干中有NB的要求，那么这道题目的五道小题当中就会有两个题选择同一个人物，而这个人物就有可能是在原文当中出现最多的那一位。所以，在解答这道题目的时候，我们不难发现最终重复选择的那个人物是B选项的
5、Salikoko Myfwene，而这个任务在原文当中分别出现在了第五段，第六段和第七段，是所有选项人物当中出现次数最多的。所以，在解题的时候提前考虑一下题目和选项的配比也是解答人物+理论型搭配题的一个讨巧之处。雅思阅读全真练习系列：Time to cool itTime to cool it1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but t
6、hen they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea-draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind wel
7、l when refrigerators main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Todays high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric
8、materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the
9、arrays electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect
10、is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial appl
11、ications.4 As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.5 Gadge
12、ts containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moores Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing i
13、n number, the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chi
14、ps sold by Dr Moores company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4-the last single-core desktop processor-clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly
15、 hit 80. At 85, they stop working. Tweaking the processors heat sinks (copper or aluminium boxes designed to radiate heat away) has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems that divided proce
16、ssing power between first two, and then four, subunits, in order to spread the thermal load, also seems to have the end of the road in sight.7 One way out of this may be a second curious physical phenomenon, the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a he
17、at source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.8 The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely, but the path of phonons-heat-carrying vibrations that ar
18、e larger than electrons-is constantly interrupted. In practice, this trick is hard to pull off, and thermoelectric materials are thus less efficient than paraelectric ones (or, at least, than those examined by Dr Mischenko). Nevertheless, Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in Nor
19、th Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10. Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller-so small that they can go inside the chip.9 The last word in computer cooling, though
20、, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump-a miniature version of a car radiator. Last year Apple launched a personal computer that is cooled by liquid that is pumped through little channels in the processor, and thence to a radiator, where it gives up its heat to the atmosphere. To impro
21、ve on this, IBMs research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel-the part where the heat exchange takes place. In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoel
22、ectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers. The old, as it were, hand in hand with the new.(830 words)Questions 1-5Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.A. AppleB. IBMC. I
23、ntelD. Alex MischenkoE. Ali ShakouriF. Rama Venkatasubramanian1. .and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.2. .sold microprocessors running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.3. .says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer
24、chips by 10.4. .claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built into a computer chip.5. .attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.Questions 6-9Do the following statements agree with the information gi
25、ven in the reading passage?In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are
26、 attached to them.7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor doubles the heat output.9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels w
27、ith paraelectrics.Question 10Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?A. Tweaking the processors?heat sinks.B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯 heat sinks.C. Shi
28、fting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.D. None of the above.Questions 11-14Complete the notes below.Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Traditional refrigerators use.11.pumps to drop temperat
29、ure. At present, scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration, especially in computer microprocessors.12.materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. .13.effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspot
30、s in computers. A miniature version of a car .14. may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.雅思阅读全真练习系列：Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes SenseSelling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes SenseA.It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industrys
31、greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firms website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-st
32、ore. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apples DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most
33、widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.B.This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTun
34、es store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, t
35、he company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.C.This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to prote
36、ct it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs
37、; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? “This is clearly the best alternative for consumers,” he declares, “and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat.”D.Why the sudden change of heart? Mr
38、Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europes regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, “those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.” Two and a half
39、 of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.E.Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. C
40、onsumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apples. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And ev
41、en the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apples dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “lock in”.F.The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the w
42、ind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRMs defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldnt it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probab
43、ly increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobss argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.Questions 1-7Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Readi
44、ng Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital mu
45、sic market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.4. Apple has been critici
46、zed by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices
47、.7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.Questions 8-10Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?A. DRM places restrictions on c
48、onsumer choice of digital music products available.B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.9. The word “unfazed” in line 3 of paragraph E, means_.A. refusedB. welcomedC. not botheredD. not well received10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?
