《雅思阅读必备之句式省略知识.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《雅思阅读必备之句式省略知识.doc（26页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、雅思阅读必备之句式省略知识 长长的雅思*为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害句子结构或引起误解的情况下，往往省略一个或多个句子成分或词语。今天给大家带来了雅思阅读必备之句式省略知识,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧【雅思阅读必备】句式省略知识雅思*为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害句子结构或引起误解的情况下，往往省略一个或多个句子成分或词语。这方面的知识大家可以通过雅思阅读训练进行学习，可以较明显地提升雅思阅读的答题速度。雅思阅读中的省略-I、简单句中的省略The meeting(being)over，we all left the room.Tools(having
2、been)carried，we went on our way to the fields.雅思阅读中的省略-2、从句中的省略(1)宾语从句中的省略：1)以“which/where/when/how/why”等引起的宾语从句，在其谓语动词与主句谓语动词相同时，其后的主语和谓语可全部省略，而仅保留一个wh-词。She cant come，but 1 wonder why(she cant come).He will be back，I dont know when(he will be back).2)在“Im afraid，I believe，I expect，I fancy，I fear，I
3、 hope，I imagine，I should，I should say，I suppose，I think，I trust”之后的not等于一个否定的that从句，“so”等于一个肯定的that从句。“Is he sick”一“I am afraid so.”(=I am afraid that he is sick.)(2)定语从句中的省略：定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词that。在非正式文体中，关系副词“when/why也可以省略，关系代词后面的主谓结构有时也可以省略。I shall never forget the day (when) we first met,He gave
4、the same answer as (he had given)before.I like the place for the very reason(why)you dislike it.(3)状语从句中的省略：1)在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是“it” ,则从句中的动词“be”及其主语可以省略。Any progress，however small (it may be)，is important.Change the form of the verbs where(it is)possible/necessary.His opi
5、nion，whether(it is)fight or wrong，would be considered.雅思阅读模拟练习及答案A.When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonalds in January 2004， the worlds biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia， but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One excepti
6、on was France， where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the groups French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers favourite enemy operates.B.So far Mr Hennequin is doing well.
7、Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%， the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the groups profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britai
8、n， and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.CMr Hennequins recipe for revival is to be more open about his companys operations， to be “locally relevant”， and to improve the experience of visiting his 6，400 restaurants. McDonalds is blamed for making people fat， exploiting workers，
9、 treating animals cruelly， polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.D.He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50，000 visitors
10、came to McDonalds through the visitors programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative， launched last year， put detailed labels on McDonalds packaging with data on calories， protein， fat， carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.E.Mr Hennequin also wants
11、people to know that “McJobs”， the low-paid menial jobs at McDonalds restaurants， are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired： last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonalds employees to work anywhere in the European Unio
12、n. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonalds managers across the continent.F.To stay in touch with local needs and preferences， McDonalds employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonalds in Russia， thoug
13、h a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers， for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was， in fact， buying their produc
14、e.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum， a German model， as local brand ambassadors.G.In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his companys drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements every
15、where in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”， where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.H.Given Frances reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe， it seems odd that McDonalds revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman， using ideas cooked up in the French market. B
16、ut France is in fact the companys most profitable market after America. The market where McDonalds is weakest in Europe is not France， but Britain.I.“Fixing Britain should be his priority，” says David Palmer， a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonalds restaurants in Britai
17、n are company-owned， compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants， but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible， says Mr Palmer.J.M.Mark Wiltamuth， an analyst a
18、t Morgan Stanley， estimates that European company-owned restaurants margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in 20XX. This is still less than in the late 1990s and below Americas 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequins reign. He is already being tipped as the first European cand
19、idate for the groups top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.Questions 1-6Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement co
20、ntradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.2. Starting from last year， detailed labels are p
21、ut on McDonalds packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe， but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among
22、 European countries and approximately 1214 McDonalds restaurants are company-owned.5. According to David Palmer， a restaurant analyst at UBS， David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in I
23、taly should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.Questions 7-10Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means_.A. difficultB. menialC. terribleD. excellent8. Which of t
24、he following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?A. It tends to make people fat.B. Its operations are very vague.C. It tends to exploit workers.D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?A. “Food Studio
25、” scheme.B. “Open Door” visitor days.C. The “McPassport” scheme.D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?A. set up a “Food Studio” .B. established a “Design Studio”.C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.D. employed local bosse
26、s as much as possible.Questions 11-14Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.11. After January 2004， McDonald was making improve
27、ment following a period of slump in America and Australia， but sales in Europe were .12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to .13. Compared with other countries， France is McDonalds . next to America.14. . of McDonalds restaurants in Am
28、erica are companiedowned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain. Part IINotes to Reading Passage 11.sterling高质量的e.g. He has many sterling qualities. 他身上有许多优秀的品质。2. menial 不体面的， 乏味的(工作、职业)3. spruce up打扮整齐、漂亮、装饰4. mastermind指挥、谋划(一个计划或活动)e.g. The police know who masterminded the robbery.警察知
29、道是谁策划了那次抢劫。5. underperform表现不佳表现出低于标准的工作水平、企业出现亏本Part IIIKeys and explanations to the Questions 1-141. FALSESee the second sentence in Paragraph A “One exception was France， where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the groups French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. H
30、is task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries”.2. TRUESee the last sentence in Paragraph D “The Nutrition Information Initiative， launched last year， put detailed labels on McDonalds packaging with data on calories， protein， fat， carbohydrates and salt content. The detail
31、s are also printed on tray-liners.”3. NOT GIVENSee Paragraph D， E and H “Given Frances reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe， it seems odd that McDonalds revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman， using ideas cooked up in the French market.”.4. FALSESee the last sentence of Para
32、graph H and first sentence of Paragraph L “The market where McDonalds is weakest in Europe is not France， but BritainAlmost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonalds restaurants in Britain are company-owned”5. TRUESee the first sentence of Paragraph I “Fixing Britain should be his priority，” says David Palm
33、er， a restaurant analyst at UBS”.6. NOT GIVENSee the last sentence of Paragraph I “So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible， says Mr Palmer”.7. DSee the first sentence of Paragraph A “One exception was France， where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the groups Fren
34、ch subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots”.8. BSee the second sentence of Paragraph D “McDonalds is blamed for making people fat， exploiting workers， treating animals cruelly， polluting the environment”9. CSee the second sentence of Paragraph E “But some of his efforts have backfired： l
35、ast year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonalds employees to work anywhere in the European Union.”10. ASee the last sentence of Paragraph G “He also set up a “food studio”， where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends”.11. sluggish or dec
36、liningSee the first sentence of Paragraph A “When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonalds in January 2004， the worlds biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia， but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.”12. seasonal menu offeringsSee th
37、e last sentence of Paragraph B “December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain， and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly”.13.most profitable marketSee the second sentence of Paragraph H “But France is in fact the companys m
38、ost profitable market after America”.14. 15%See the second sentence of Paragraph I “Almost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonalds restaurants in Britain are company-owned， compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America”.雅思阅读模拟练习及答案Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a comm
39、only prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours, including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences, including sleepwalking, amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the d
40、rug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders, they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to
41、treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed 674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australias Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases
42、 of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand
43、 after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved,” according to the report.The UKs Medicines and
44、 Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries, including reports of people sleep
45、-driving while on the medication. In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that
46、 promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep, the body can still move, making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse e
47、ffects, including hallucinations, sleepwalking and nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which theyre not in full control its always a danger,” says Vera Sharav of the New York-base
