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1、word实验二十三：高温超导材料的特性测试和低温温度计 2016.12.29一、 实验数据记录1.室温检测：表1.室温检测数据表铂电阻电压（mV）109.03铂电阻电流(mA)100.30Si半导体电阻电压（V）0.5155Si半导体电阻电流（A）100.00样品电压（mV）0.162样品电流（mA）10.0165温差电偶电阻0.0002.低温温度计对比数据及超导转变曲线数据：见下表降温U-pt/mVU-Si/V温差电偶/mV样品电压/mVT/K样品电阻105.000.54175.5700.148283.150.0148104.000.54805.4770.146280.700.0146103
2、.000.55455.3820.144278.250.0144102.000.56105.2880.143275.800.0143101.000.56745.0.142273.350.0142100.000.57405.1010.141270.900.014199.000.58035.0110.140268.440.014098.000.58704.9210.265.990.013997.000.59404.8290.263.540.013896.000.00004.7420.137261.090.013795.000.60644.6490.136258.640.013694.000.6131
3、4.5640.256.190.013593.000.61954.4800.253.730.013392.000.62654.3890.132251.280.013291.000.63304.3040.131248.830.013190.000.63944.2200.130246.380.013089.000.64654.1340.128243.930.012888.000.65304.0470.127241.480.012787.000.66003.9660.239.030.012686.000.66683.8810.125236.570.012585.000.67363.7970.12323
4、4.120.012384.000.68073.7170.122231.670.012283.000.68763.6340.121229.220.012182.000.69433.5540.120226.770.012081.000.70103.4740.119224.320.011980.000.70753.3960.118221.860.011879.000.71433.3200.116219.410.011678.000.72113.2430.115216.960.011577.000.72763.1710.114214.510.011476.000.73463.0940.113212.0
5、60.011375.000.74103.0200.112209.610.011274.000.74782.9460.110207.150.011073.000.75452.8740.109204.700.010972.000.76072.8080.108202.250.010871.000.76602.7480.107.800.010770.000.77272.6770.105.350.010569.000.77942.6070.104.900.010468.000.78602.5340.103192.440.010367.000.79282.4630.102.990.010266.000.7
6、9982.3900.100187.540.010065.000.00002.3180.185.090.009964.000.81302.2420.098182.640.009863.000.81922.1760.180.190.009762.000.82372.1300.096177.740.009661.000.82902.0760.095175.280.009560.000.00002.0.094172.830.009459.000.00001.9600.170.380.009358.000.85031.9290.092167.930.009257.000.85671.8650.165.4
7、80.009156.000.86211.8020.090.030.009055.000.86801.7510.088160.570.008854.000.87481.6950.086158.120.008653.000.88151.6230.155.670.008552.000.88821.5580.084153.220.008451.000.89491.4900.150.770.008350.000.90191.4290.148.320.008149.000.90951.3590.080145.860.008048.000.91571.2980.143.410.007947.000.9219
8、1.2450.078140.960.007846.000.92761.1910.510.007745.000.93341.1360.076136.060.007644.000.93901.0840.610.007543.000.94471.0320.131.150.007442.000.95090.9850.128.700.007341.000.95660.9290.072.250.007240.000.96220.8770.123.800.007139.000.96550.8320.070121.350.007038.000.97130.8020.069118.900.006937.000.
9、97660.7530.068116.450.006836.000.98200.7080.067113.990.006735.000.98710.6630.065111.540.006534.000.99200.6210.064109.090.006433.000.99990.5340.106.640.006332.001.00930.4570.062104.190.006231.001.01350.4080.101.740.005930.001.01960.3620.99.280.005528.711.02710.96.120.005128.651.0275.0.95.970.004828.6
10、11.02780.95.880.004628.561.02880.95.750.004228.551.02810.04095.730.004028.531.02830.95.680.003728.511.02820.03495.630.003428.501.02830.95.610.003128.491.02850.95.580.002428.481.02850.02095.560.002028.481.02850.01695.560.001628.461.02860.01395.510.001328.461.02860.95.510.001028.451.02870.00895.480.00
11、0828.441.02870.00595.460.000528.431.02870.00395.430.000328.411.02880.00195.390.000128.391.02890.00095.340.00003.液氮沸点监测数据：表2：液氮沸点监测数据铂电阻电压（mV）20.36铂电阻电流(mA)99.84Si半导体电阻电压（V）1.0713Si半导体电阻电流（A）100.01样品电压（mV）0.000样品电流（mA）10.0173温差电偶电阻0.000二、 实验数据分析、处理和结论1. 处理室温检测数据，给出三部分测量电路的电流、室温、室温下的超导样品的电阻：（1） 电流：铂电阻
12、：109.03mASi半导体电阻：100.00A样品电流：10.0165mA（2） 室温：T=2.4516*109.03+25.736=293.03K(3) 室温下，样品的电阻： R=0.162/10.0165=0.01622. 处理低温温度计对比数据，作图给出对比结果，总结三种温度计的特点：图1：Si电压-温度曲线Y=-0.0026x+1.2798 R2= 0.9994图2：温差电偶电压-温度曲线线性拟合：Y=0.0279x-2.6711 R2=0.990非线性拟合：Y=0.000057x2+0.0061x-0.75127 R2=0.9998结论：由图1：Si半导体电压随着温度呈线性相关，且
13、是负相关。由图2：温差电偶与温度成正相关，在拟合过程中发现，二次拟合要比一次的拟合精确的多。因此温差电偶电压应该与温度成二次关系。比较两图一直，Si半导体的温敏线性较好，成的是线性关系，温差电偶电压与温度成二次关系，铂电阻R与T成线性关系。3. 作图并用最小二乘法处理超导样品测量数据，给出转变温度。图3：样品电阻-温度曲线图4：样品电阻-温度电压（最小二乘法）Y=0.000048x+0.00109 R-Square=0.9994结论：由图3、4可知：随着温度下降，R首先以直线下降，在到达一定的温度时，斜率发生突变的点为转变温度。对于高温时的数据进行线性拟合，其近似一条直线。通过对于突变处的观察
14、，突变温度约为103K。4. 处理液氮沸点检测数据，给出液氮沸点，液氮温度下超导样品的电阻、三部分测量电路的电流，与温室数据对比，评测系统的精确度和稳定性。液氮的沸点77.60K超导样品电阻0.000Pt电阻电流99.84mASi半导体电流100.01A超导样品电流10.0165mAPt的电阻精确到：0.01mV 0.01mASi 半导体电阻精确到：0.0001V 0.01*10-6A 超导样品精确到：0.001Mv 0.0001Ma温差电偶温度计精确到：0.001Mv铂U最小 28.39mV ,I 最小为 99.84mA，绝对误差为 0.04%和0.01%硅电压最小：0.5155mV电流：100.01*10-6A ，绝对误差为 0.02%和0.01%样品的电流最小为10.0165mA，绝对误差0.001%所以数据中只有样品和电偶可以到0，所以整个系统的精度在于这两个数据的测量。且系统较为灵敏。稳定性：IPt=（100.30-99.84）/99.84=0.5%ISi=（100.01-100.00）/100.00=0.01%I样品=（10.173-10.165）/10.165=0.08%由此可见系统稳定性较好。三、 实验收获升温时：曲线轮廓与降温基本一致，但转折点明显提前了，原来大致103K，而升温时大致80K。.8 / 8
