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1、-大学英语A/B级重点语法构造一、时态与语态 二、情态动词 三、动词不定式四、分词分词作状语，分词的独立构造，分词短语作定语和补语，with构造，动名词五、定语从句 六、状语从句 七、虚拟语气八、主谓一致 九、倒装句 十、强调句十一、反义疑问句 十二、代词 十三、形容词和副词一、 时态与语态考察重点：过去完成时：常和before, after, until, when 等引导的时间状语从句连用，其谓语动作一般表示过去。by the time/the end of + 表示过去时间的短语或句子。hardly/scarcely +过去完成时+when+过去时；no sooner + 过去完成时 +
2、 than + 过去时 现在完成时和现在完成进展时状语词组：this day (week, month, year), so far, for some time, up to now, up to the present, all this year 等。 将来完成时：常和before, until , when, after 等词连用，其谓语动作一般表示将来。by (the time/end of )+表示将来的时间或句子。1) By the end of this month, we surely _a satisfactory solution to the problem.A. ha
3、ve found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding2) It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it high. A. have leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking3) the conference _ a full week by the time it ends.A. must have lasted B. will h
4、ave lasted C. would last D. has lasted4) Until then, _ his family from him for six months.A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hasnt heard D. hadnt heard二、 情态动词情态动词测试重点： should (ought to) +have +p.p. 应该发生而没有发生的事情 might(could)+have +p.p. 过去可能发生而没有发生的事情 must+have +p.p. (对过去事件的推论) 只用于肯定句。否认句用cant , c
5、an.1) The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned.A. cant have been B. shouldnt have beenB. mustnt have been D. wouldnt have been2) With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night.A. mustnt go B. wouldnt go C. oughtnt go D. shouldnt have gone 三、 动词不定式考察重点：不定式的完成式，进展式和被动式。1） Mrs. Brown is
6、supposed _ for Italy last week.A. to have left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have been left2) Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem_ all the time.A. to get worse B. getting worse C. to have got worse D. to be getting worse3) This book is said _ into dozens of languages in the
7、last decade.A. to have been translated B. to translate C. to be translated D. to have translated四、 分词现在分词和过去分词(一) 分词作状语当分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步和伴随。现在分词和主句中的主语有主动关系，过去分词和主句中的主语有被动关系。1） Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _.A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scold
8、ed 2) _ such a good chance, he planed to learn more.A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving3 Heated，water changes into steam. (时间状语)当受热时，水就变成了蒸汽。4 Not knowing how to deal with the problem, I turned to the teacher for help. 原因由于不知道如何处理这个问题，我向教师求助。5 Being ill, the girl still came
9、 to class yesterday. 让步虽然病了，这个女孩仍然来上课了。6His father died, leaving his son nothing. 结果他父亲死了，给他的儿子什么都没留下。二分词的独立构造当分词短语作作状语时，其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语不一致，分词短语前需带其本身的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立构造，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。1His voice _，he said he was too upset to say any more Ashake Bbe shaking Cwas shaking Dshaking 2Winter ing, it gets col
10、der and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。3 More time given, we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。4 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。时间5The condition being favorable, he may succeed.条件假设条件有利，他或许能成功。6There being no taxis, we had to walk.表示原因没有出租车，我们只好步行。7Almost all metal
11、s are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 伴随情况几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银那么是最好的导体(三 分词短语作定语和宾补1The manager promised to keep me _ of how our business was going on. A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing2) The first text book _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in
12、the 16th century. A. written B. to be written C. writing D. being written 3) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.( 前置定语-被动意义)4) They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 完成意义5) Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last ni
13、ght 后置定语6) Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise四With+名词 代词+ V-ed/ V-ing1).John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishingC. having finished D. was finished2). I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on
14、 B. goes onC. went on D. to go on(五) 动名词考察重点只跟动名词的动词：risk, finish, miss, mind, avoid, dislike, enjoy, practice, admit, hate, escape, appreciate, consider, deny , fancy, favor, delay, suggest, imagine, mention, postpone, excuse, involve, confess, include, acknowledge, understand,To作介词后面接ing分词常见几个词组：b
15、e accustomed to, be used to doing, devote oneself to doing object to, look forward to状语从句1)They are considering _ before the prices go up.A. of buying the house B. with buying the houseC. buying the house D. to buy the house2) its no use _ me not to worry.A. you tell B. your telling C. for you to ha
16、ve told D. having tolddifficultytroublehave a good/hard time (in) +v-ingno businessplease (六) 定语从句考察重点： that, as, when, where, which, whose 引导的定语从句 名词/代词/数词/形容词比拟级和最高级+of +which /whom 介词 + which/whose/whom1) A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which2) The train
17、_ she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that3) Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult.A. which B. it C. what D. that4) He has two sons, _ work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom5) _ might be expected, the res
18、ponse to the question was vey mixed.A. As B. That C. It D. What(七) 状语从句考察重点：1时间状语从句的名词词组：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant2) 原因状语从句的连词：as, seeing that (), in that, considering that, for the reason that, now that, given that, because, since, as, for3) 目的状语从句：lest, i
19、n case, in order that, for fear that, for the purpose that4) 条件状语从句：as/so long as, unless，only if, providing/provided that假假设, suppose that, in case that, on condition that， assuming that， 假定，suppose/supposing that 假使5比拟状语从句：the more the more, than不同程度的比拟 , as(同级比拟)6让步状语从句：though, although, even if,
20、 even though，as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while ( 一般用在句首 ), no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, etc. 1). We wont give up _we should fail ten times. A. even if B. since C. whether D. until2) We had hardly got to the station _it began no rain.A. until B. since C. while D. when3) . Father wa
21、s _busy in working _he often forgot rest or meals.A. very, that B. so, that C. such, as D. enough, as4) . He always thinks Im wrong, _I may say.A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that5) Not until I began to work _how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C.I didnt real
22、ize D. I realized(八) 虚拟语气在以下表示具有请求、建议、愿望、命令等主观意向的动词、形容词、名词、过去分词等之后的从句中，需用虚拟语气。形式是should+动词原形或者省去should, 直接用动词原形。1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句常用动词有：一个坚持insist；两个命令order, mand；四项要求demand, desire, require, request；四条建议advise, suggest, propose, remend。1The guard at the gate insisted that everyone _ the rules. A. obeysB
23、. obey C. will obeyD. would obey 2 He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。2. 用于主语从句常用形容词：necessary, important, essential, desirable, advisable, imperative(迫切的), urgent, preferable, vital, insistent, crucial紧要关头, strange不可思议的常用的分词：suggested, proposed, demanded,
24、required, requested，desired, ordered, remended, insisted, asked, resolved等1)、It is vital that enough money_ to fund the project.A)be collected B)must be collectedC)is collected D)can be collected2)、It is remended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.A)is not started B)will no
25、t be startedC)is not to be started D)not be started3. 虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句常见的名词有：suggestion, advise, proposal, order, decision, request, requirement, necessity, desire, demand, idea, motion, necessity, insistence, instruction, plan, preference, remendation, resolution1) My suggestion is that we (should)
26、 send a few people to help the other group. 我的建议是我们派几个人去帮相别的小组。2) This was his order that we stay where we were.4 虚拟语气用于状语从句1_ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive2) The
27、tree looked as if it _for a long time.A. hasnt watered B. didnt water C. hadnt been watered D. wasnt watered5 虚拟语气的其它用法1It is (high, about) time句型，表示早该干某事而已有些晚了。If only 引起的感慨句，表示但愿，该。就搞了。1 Its time _ about the traffic problem downtown.A. something was done B. anything will be doneC. everything is do
28、ne D. nothing to be done2) Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I _ your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed2) 条件暗含在with, without, but for, or , otherwise, except for , under the condition, in the position of 等介词短语中，谓语一般要用should+动词原形或省略should, 直接用动词原形。1_ the
29、storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In spite of B. In case of C. But for D. Because of 2) We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him.A. would have telephoned B. must have telephonedC. would telephone D. had telephoned3) He must have had an accident, or he _ then
30、.A. would have been here B. had to be hereC. should be here D. would be here 3. lest, for fear that, in order that, in case 引导目的状语从句。1 The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell (软垫小室) lest he _ himself. AA. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure4. wish, would rather/sooner/as soon后的宾语从句。
31、Id rather you _ make any ment on the issue for the time being.A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. shouldnt九、主谓一致重点：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 如果主语为单数而后面跟有with， together with，along with, bined with, in addition to, except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起
32、的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；假设主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词且前面有every, each, no等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write. Many a (an/another)+名词；more than one + 名词等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：more than one person was involved in the case. The number (variety of ) + 名词作主语；an amount of (a
33、 deal of/plenty of )+不可数名词；a quality of +不可数名词，谓语动词均用单数。 由and连接两个名词作主语，and后面：的名词假设不加冠词，常指同一个人或事物，谓语动词用单数。如：the secretary and manager(书记兼经理)。 以-ics结尾的名词如表示的是一门学科，动词用单数，如指特定事物，动词用复数。 由连词or, eithernor, not onlybut also, nor 等连接的两个名词或代词，谓语形式应采用毗邻一致的原那么，即谓语与邻近的主语一致。1） How close parents are to their child
34、ren_ a strong influence on the character of the children.A. have B. has C. having D. to have 十、倒装重点：only+副词，介词短语或状语从句引出的句子。以never, little, nowhere, rarely, seldom, scarcely, hardly, no sooner, in no case, at no time, on no account, under no circumstances, by no means等引导的句子。1Only by shouting at the t
35、op of his voice _.A. was he able to make himself hear. B. he was able to make himself, hear. C. he was able to make himself heard. D. was he able to make himself heard.2) She never laughed, _ lose her temper.A. or she ever did B. nor did she ever C. or did she ever D. nor she ever did十一、强调句强调句的根本构造：
36、It is (was)+被强调的局部+that +句子的其它成分。例如：_ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A. That was from Stephen B. It was Stephen whomC. It was from Stephen that D. It was Stephen that 十二、反义疑问句重点：当述局部的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, no one, somebody, nobody 等合成词，其含义相当于汉语的人的集合时，附加疑问句的代词用复数they
37、 来代替。当述局部的主语为everything, nothing, anything, something时，疑问句局部中的主语要用it。 如nobody came to see me, did they如果述局部是Im 构造，附加疑问句局部一般用arent I. 如Im stupid, arent I 祈使句后可加一个简短问句，使口气变得客气一些。Dont forget to walk the dog while I am away, _ A. can you B. has been C. do you D. will you十三、代词本局部考察重点是不定代词many, much, litt
38、le, few 都是表示数量的代词。Many , few 用作可数名词，作主语或宾语时，可指人；much, little用作不可数名词，作主语或宾语时指事物。both, either, neither用于谈论两个人或东西时使用；谈到三个或更多时用all, any 和none。1As I was just getting _ familiar with this job, I had to ask my boss.A. many B.most C.more D. much2) You can park on _ side of the street.A. either B. any C. all
39、 D. both十四、形容词和副词本局部的考察重点是形容词和副词的比拟级构造中的应用。1. 形容词和副词的比拟级前可用much, far , slightly, a lot, a little, still, ever, times, any(表示疑问), no, not any表示否认等程度的副词表示比拟的程度。例如：1 You are far more tolerant than I am.2) After taking the medicine, he did not get any better.3) This room is three times bigger than that
40、one.4) In some modern countries we find a _ number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.A. large B. far larger C. more large D. more larger 5) It is not so _ it appears to introduce equal pay for equal work.A. easy B. easier than C. easier as D. easy as6) The more w
41、e get together, _ we shall be.A. the happy B. happier C. the happier D. the more happy2. 某些形容词本身已是比拟级的形式，在用作比拟时，后面应跟to， 而不是than。常见的有：superior (较高的) prior顺序在先的inferior下等的 anterior前面的senior年长的 posterior 以后的junior年少的1)You neednt feel inferior to others.2)This new model in our puter department is superior to that one in their department.3)We received no notification prior to todays date.4)He is several years junior to Mrs. Smith. z.
