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1、工程应用英语课程一单项选择题：1. puters are(B. useless)unless they are given clear and accurate instructions and information.2. Active (B. Recruiting) for engineers often begins before the students last year in the university.3. For the student who is preparing to bee a (C. Civilengineer), these specialized course
2、s may deal with such subjects as geodetic surveying, soil mechanics.4. The civil engineer may work in research, design, construction,(B. Supervision), maintenance, or even in sales.5. Civil engineers work on many different kinds of (C. Structures).6. In designing buildings, civil engineers often wor
3、k as (B. Consultants) to architectural or construction firms.7. Dams, bridges and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers whose work is coordinated by a (D. Systems) engineer who is in charge of the entire project.8. Construction is a(B. plicated) process on almost all engineering p
4、rojects.9. In pression, the material is (C. Pushed) together.10. When a saw cuts easily through a piece of wood, the wood is (A. in tension).11. We defined (D. Shear) as the tendency of a material to fracture along the lines of stress. 12. The principal construction materials of earlier times were w
5、ood and (C. masonry brick),stone, or tile, and similar materials.13. Modern cement is a mixture of(B. limestone and clay).14. Concrete is very (D. Versatile)15. Steel has great tensile strength while concrete has great pressive strength, thus, the two substances (C. plement) each other.16. One syste
6、m that helps (A. Cut) concrete weight to some extent uses polymers.17. The retention money serves to insure (D. the employer)against any defects that may arise in the work.18. The civil engineering work must be pleted to the satisfaction of the employer, or his (D. Representative)19. For moderate an
7、d longer hauls, self-loading scrapers pulled by rubber-tired hauling units and push-loaded by tractors offer(B. Lower) cost.20. Highway maintenance activities can be grouped and classified according (D. to)the purpose of the treatment.21. Engineeringis a profession, which means that an engineer must
8、 have a specialized(Duniversity)education. 22. In most cases, the tender may be(BWithdrawn)at any time until it has been accepted.23. Current trend is to require students to take courses in the(C.social)science and the language arts.24. The law relating to contracts imposes on each party to a contra
9、ct (D. a legal obligation) to perform. 25. Indeed, the civil engineers choice is(C. large)and varied.26. Roadbeds (B. underlie) highway pavement structures and the ballast and track on which trains move.27. Construction can be very (A. dangerous).28. Where material is moved less than about 60m or st
10、eeply downhill, drifting with a track or wheel type bulldozer is (A. cheapest) 29. Thrust is the pressure exerted by each part of a structure on (A. its other part) 30. The weight of all the people, cars, furniture, and machines and so on that the structure will support when it is in use is (B. live
11、 load)31. In tension, the material is(B. pulled apart)32. In fills constructed by end dumping or by placing in thick layers, material, density, and moisture content could (C. vary) greatly from one spot to another.33. Both (A. steel and cement), the two most important construction materials of moder
12、n times, were introduced in the nineteenth century.34. The total station is used to measure angles in both vertical and horizontal planes, and the level to measure (C. elevation difference)35. The (B. defective )vehicle is a creator of accidents.36. Prestressed concrete is an (B. improved )form of r
13、einforcement.37.A simple contract consists of an agreement entered into by( D. two or more parties)38.(B. Volume) change would result in differential settlement or swell between adjacent areas.39. There are two basic procedures for controlling the embankment density: manner and method and (A. result
14、 ).40.A main source of accidents, the problem of(C. drunken)driving is the most serious of all.41. puter programming is now included in almost all engineering(B. curricula).42. The relationship between engineering and society is getting( C. Closer)43. Types of contracts are virtually classified by t
15、heir(D. payment)system: (1) price-based and (2) cost-based.44. puters cant solve plicated problems unless they are given( D. a good program) 45. In recent years, rippers have been used successfully to( C. break up)loose or fractured rock.46. Civil engineering projects are almost always (A. distincti
16、ve) 47. Usually there are (C. no)easy answers on equipment selection.48. (A. Vertical)force acts up and down.49. Layered construction also produced greater uniformity in the material( D. itself)and in its density and moisture content.50. The actual cost of any single highway traffic accident is extr
17、emely( C.difficult )to determine.51. Basically, causes of automobile accidents can be categorized(D. into)four major groups.52. Electronic distance measuring (EDM) not only can measure the distance between objects but also determine( A. the direction)53.(A. Two of )the recent improvement in visibili
18、ty are wraparound windshields and narrowed roof support pillars.54. There is a great deal that the actual highway designer can( C. do to )prevent accident.55. To avoid the driving after drinking, one of the methods is( B. breath test ).56. It is suitable for remote sensing technique to be used for h
19、ighway location in(C. mountainous country without forest).57. The information on the aerial photographs can be converted into maps with the help of stereoscopes which is able to see objects in(C. three dimensions)58. The normal steel does not exert any force of its own on the member,( B. contrary )t
20、o the action of prestressing steel.59. The extensive use of prestressed structures has been due in ( A. no )small measures to the advances in the technology.60.The employer selects the contractor for the project by( D. Bidding). 61. Many different( A. corporations) and government agencies have peted
21、 for the services of engineers in recent years.62. Civil engineers may prefer to work with one of the government agencies that( B. deals )with water resources.63. It is normal practice for( B. a)engineer to specialize in just one kind.64. Construction involves the work and utilizing the equipment an
22、d the materials so that costs are kept as( C. low )as possible.65. For example, (B. dams)are often built in wild river valleys or gorges.66. Electrical and mechanical engineers work on the(A. design )of the powerhouse and its equipment.67. In Rome, most of the people lived in(B. insulse ), great ten
23、ement blocks that were often ten stories high.68. The prospective civil engineer should be aware of the physical( A. Conditions)that will be made on him or her.69. Much of the work of civil engineering is carried on( C. outdoors)70. In addition, the building of skyscrapers, bridges and tunnels must
24、also progress under all kinds of(C. weather)conditions.71. The Romans also used a natural cement called pozzolana, made from (B. volcanic ash), that became as hard as stone under water.72. Different proportions of the ingredients produce concrete with( A. different )strength and weight. 73. (A. Pres
25、tressed) concrete has made it possible to develop buildings with unusual shapes. 74. The modern engineer must also understand the (C. different)stresses to which the materials in a structure are subject. 75. Today, scientific data permit the engineer to make careful calculations( D. in advance)76. T
26、he force which the live load will be exerted on the structure is( C. Impact)77. When a saw begins to bind, the wood is( A. in pression because )the fibers in it are being pushed together.78. ( D. Steel )rods are bent into the shapes to give them the necessary degree of tensile strength. 79. Many gre
27、at buildings built in earlier ages are massive structures with( B. thick stone walls)80. We all enter into contracts almost every day for the supply f goods,(B transportation)etc. 81. Some contracts must be made in a particular(D. form)to be enforceable.82. Once a person has signed a document he is
28、assumed to have(B. approved )its contents.83. By setting down the terms of a contract in writing one secures avoiding ( A. disputes)84. In an entire contract, where( D. the employer)agrees to pay a certain sum in return for civil engineering work.85. (B. The contractor) is not entitled to any paymen
29、t if he abandons the work prior to pletion.86. The contractor is not entitled to receive payment in (A. full )until the work is satisfactorily pleted.87. A tender is normally required to be a definite( C. offer)88. Generally, civil engineering contracts provide for the issue of (B. interim certifica
30、tes)at various stages of the works. 89. It does not give the employer the right to demand an(A. unusually)high standard of quality throughout the works. 90. The employer does not usually bind himself to accept the lowest or indeed any tender and this is often stated in the( C. advertisement )91. A c
31、ontract has been defined as an agreement which directly creates and contemplates( C. an obligation)92. When we enter into contracts we are willing to(C. pay )for the service we receive.93. If there is no written agreement and( C. a dispute )arises in respect of the contract.94. The rubber-tired trac
32、tor units have difficulty in operating on( D. wet), slippery roadbeds. 95. There are( A. Many)variables in earthmoving. 96. The term(D. Embankment)describes the fill added above the low points along the roadway to raise the level to the bottom of the pavement structure.97. Material for( B. embankmen
33、t )monly es from roadway cuts or designated borrow areas.98.(C. Field) control is largely a matter of conducting the specified procedure. 99. Modern practice requires that embankment construction be( A. carefully )executed and controlled. 100. Construction of pavement over high fills often was( B. d
34、eferred )for a year or more after pletion of the fill to allow the settlement to occur.101. Nearly( B. all)vegetable matter should be removed from the original ground and fill material.102. A track or wheel type bulldozer is( D. not suitable) to earthmoving of considerably long hauls.103. Loose rock
35、 is handled by( A. tractor-scraper)units as is done with mon excavation.104. The highway can require mental and( A. physical) response.105. The needs generated by the great increase( D. in)vehicle numbers and kilometers of road have given rise to major research programs in traffic planning.106. Term
36、inology concerned( B. with)highway preservation varies considerably from country to country.107. Highway improvement is also a key factor( B. in) preventing accidents.108. The actual degree of safety one experiences on a given highway is determined by decisions made on ( B. different) levels.109. Pu
37、blic agencies typically dictate the major constraints within which these design decisions are( A. to be) made.110. Finally, individual motorists make decisions regarding their own safety ( C. as) they select speed, route for their cars.111. Safe highways are ( C. expensive) and it appears that the d
38、riving public does not want safe highways.112. People do not want to pay the costs and suffer the restrictions necessary to produce ( A. safety) in traffic.113. It is often ( A. impossible) to determine the true condition of a vehicle after a crash.114. No figures( B. are) available to justify it.11
39、5. For the drivers vision, in the body of the automobile, both side and rear windows have been greatly( D. enlarged) in area.116. Another improvement in driver visibility is the introduction of the remote-controlled( B. outside) rearview mirror.117. The safe performance of the brake system( C. under
40、) high temperatures has been ensured.118. Relocation and reduction in the height of the brake pedal has meant that the brake can be applied( A. much) rapidly.119. The use of uniform traffic control devices will reduce driver reaction time( A. as well as) confusion.120. Removal, relocation and redesi
41、gn of fixed obstructions, can provide a clear( C. recovery) area for vehicles out of control.121. Vehicular safety design usually centers( B. upon) protecting the driver and his passengers.122. The highway construction may also cause( D. adverse) impacts on the surroundings.123. The designed highway
42、 alignment must meet the technical( B. standard) of the highway engineering.124.( A. Hot rolled asphalt) is a gap graded material with less coarse aggregate.125. In this case, layer thickness, moisture control, and the number of passes by a roller of specified type and weight are( A. predetermined).
43、126.( B. Ground survey) is the conventional location technique for highway.127. A( B. total station) is only used for measuring the vertical heights of objects.128. If Party A missions Party B to execute the construction work, then Party B is referred to as( B. the contractor).129. The force-account
44、 work should be checked and approved daily by( D. both A and B) .130.( A. Fast speed) is not advantage of highway transportation.二填空题：131. Engineers often work as( consultants)to architectural or construction firms.132. Young engineers may choose to go into( environmental)or sanitary engineering.133
45、. It is sufficient in order to create a legally( binding), if the parties express their agreement and intention to enter into such a contract.134. One party to the contract is( liable)for breach of contract if he fails to perform his part of the agreement.135.( Clearing) the site precedes all gradin
46、g and most other construction operations.136. Loose rock includes materials such as( rotten or weathered)rock, or earth mixed with boulders.137. No attempt was made to control( moisture)content or to secure paction.138. The( redesign)of windshield wipers, fresh air ventilating systems, had result in
47、 greater vehicle safety.139. The safe performance of the brake system has been ensured by the use of( heavy-duty)brake fluid.140. Relocation and reduction in height of the brake( pedal)has meant that the drivers total reaction time has been reduced.141. Areas of research connected with civil enginee
48、ring include soil mechanics and ( soil stabilization) techniques.142. Modern cement, called ( Portland cement), was invented in 1824.143. Material for embankment monly es from roadway cuts or designated ( borrow areas).144. Causes of automobile accidents can be categorized into four major groups: the vehicles, the road, the driver, the ( pedestrain) .145. Another improvement in driver visibility is the introduction of the remote-controlled outside ( rearview) mirror.146. Rock nearly always must be drilled and blasted, then loaded with a front-end loader or ( power sho
