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1、Unit 19 A visit to an island教学目标学问技能目标 l娴熟运用本单元的日常交际用语，特殊是“推想”的表示法，以及有关距离的表达法。 2驾驭由some-, any-, no-, every，等与body. one , thing, where构成的不定代词、副词的用法及特别表达法。 3驾驭一些反义词的用法特殊是take与bring, borrow与lend。 学问目标： 1重点词汇 island, farther, farthest, somewhere, land, pull, out of, cool, anybody, ourselves, all by ones
2、elf, perhaps, happily, lots of, no longer, cry, get back, too to, anywhere, solve, believe, everybody, sooner or later, drop, run away, as, eat up, bank, circle 2日常交际用语汇 (1) Are you coming with us tomorrow? (2) Shall we bring food for a picnic? (3) Dont be late. Ill be there on time. (4) I feel a li
3、ttle afraid. (5) Dont be afraid. (6) Is everything OK? 3重点句型 (1) Cant you hear anything? (2) Theres somebody/something/nobody there. (3) Its too heavy to carry. (4) The picnic basket was no longer under the tree. (5) We wont go until we get it back again. (6) Its time to go home now, or well be late
4、. 4语法 不定代词/副词的用法； 动词take和bring的区分。 情感看法目标 1本单元所讲的故事情节带有很强的趣味性和悬念性，使读者的心态随着孩子们的心态改变而改变，扣人心弦，从而领悟到文章情节支配的奇妙。 2通过对孩子们参观小岛过程的描述，可使我观赏到特殊的小岛风光。 通过本单元教学造就学生独立生活的实力。遇事要镇静冷静、胆大心细、擅长思索。 教学建议教学内容分析 本单元的教学核心是关于孩子们参观小岛A visit to an island的这件事。围绕这个核心支配了三个对话和两篇短文，集中反映了孩子们上岛前所做的打算工作约会、带食品、约定启程的时间，探讨去哪一个岛等及在岛上的所见所闻
5、，情节跌宕起伏，有必须的传奇色调。在整个内容的支配中引出了本单元要学习的功能工程“推想”Conjecture、求助Calling for help和动词take，bring的区分及不定代词和不定副词的用法。 在第73课中有两段对话，主要描述孩子们在上岛前所做的打算工作及探讨去哪一个岛。从而引出英语中表示距离远近的表达法。如：Why dont we go to the farther one?/ How about the farthest one？/The smaller one is nears这两段对话为下节课做了内容上的铺垫。 第74课和第75课的第一局部及第76课的第一局部事实上是一个
6、故事的整体，详细描绘了孩子们在岛上的所见所闻，表现了孩子们新颖、惊慌、胆怯穿插在一起的困难心情。第76课中关于一群猴子企图偷吃篮子里食物的一段描写颇为生动。第75课的其次、三局部着重练习不定代词和不定副词的用法。第76课的第四局部是提示性的写作训练。主要是对课文的效仿和对所学内容的实际运用。老师可以作一些适当的说明。第五局部是一首小诗。 重难点及疑点分析 重难点： 1. no longer= not any longer, not any more. no longer与系动词be连用时置于系动词be的后面，与行为动词连用时放在行为动词的前面，如： 1) He is no longer a w
7、orker. = He isnt a worker any longer/any more. Hes an engineer now. 2) He no longer lives here. = He doesnt live here any longer/any more. Hes living in another city. 2.Theres something wrong with your ears. There + be + something/nothing wrong with. . .是一个固定的句型，意思是“出/没毛病问题。它的同义句是Something/Nothing +
8、 be wrong with. . .如： 1) There is something wrong with your computer. = Something is wrong with your computer. Its not working now. 2) There is nothing wrong with the new bike. = Nothing is wrong with the new bike. Its quite OK. 疑点： 1.短语tooto tooto句型的意思是“太以致不能”，too是副词，后面接形容词或副词，to是动词不定式的标记，后接动词原形。该句
9、型虽然没有否认词not或no，但具有否认的意义。假设须要加上人称，那么在不定式之前加for sb。如： 1) The sentence is too difficult to understand. Please give me an easy one. 2) These apples are too high for us to reach. Wed better get a ladder. 2.Wed better not go there. Its too far from here. had better后面接动词原形，其否认形式是had better no+动词原形。had不受人称限
10、制，不行以说havehas better。如： Girls had better not go out at night. They had better stay at home. 2. Weve never been there before. 该句型 have; has been to+地点名词表示某人曾去过某地，此时此刻已离开那个地方或已回来。假设地点是副词那么“to”省略。如： We have never been to Shanghai. But they have been there for three times. They can tell us a lot about S
11、hanghai. 3. We wont go until we get it back again! 本句中的until作连词，引导一个时间状语从句。notuntil意为“直到才”，“在之前不”，主句中的谓语动词一般是非持续性动词，如leave，finish，begin，go，start等，until引导的时间状语从句中将来时用一般此时此刻时表示。如： They wont leave their school until their teacher returns. They will ask the teacher many questions until they are able to
12、do these exercises. 口语训练 本单元的口语训练主要包括两项内容表示距离远近的用法。不定代词和副词的用法。 1表示距离远近的用法 在学生娴熟驾驭第73课其次局部内容的根底上，先回忆一下以前学生用书中所出现的一些有关距离的表示法。如How far is it？/ Is it far？/ Its/quite nearIts aboutkilometers farthestfurthest等。同时复习一下far这个词的不规那么比拟级形式和最高级形式。farfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest，告知学生nearclose的比拟级和最高级形式的改变是规那么的。教
13、师可以给学生一些提示，让学生相互之间绽开由易到难的练习。 1编制一些简洁的问句问学生。如： How far is it from your home to school? Is it near from your home to your uncles? Is our school far from People Park? Wheres the shopping center?等。 2编制一段对话。如： Lucy: Hi, Li Lei! Where are you going this summer holiday? Li Lei: My father will take me to Na
14、njing. Lucy: How wonderful! Nanjing is an old but beautiful city. How far is it from here? Li Lei: Its about 360 kilometres. What about you? Lucy: Im going to Shanghai with my uncle to see my grandfather. He works there. Li Lei: How far is it from here? Is it nearer or farther than Nanjing? Lucy: It
15、s nearer. Its about 180 metres. A: Which city do you like best, Qingdao, Nanjing or Hangzhou? B: I like Hangzhou best. A: Is Hangzhou near here? B: No, Its far from here. Its about 210 kilometres away. A: What about Nanjing? B: Its farther. Its 600 kilometres away. A: And Qingdao? B: Its the farthes
16、t. Its nearly 1010 kilometres away. 2不定代词和副词的用法 在第74课及第75课中出现了不定代词和副词的用法。在第75课中更为集中，首先对一些不定代词作一些归纳。列表如下： somebodysomeonesomethingsomewhereanybodyAnyoneanythinganywherenobodyno onenothingnowhere然后告知学生这些词都是由some，any或no与body，thing，one或where构成的合成词，一般状况下，somebody, something, somewhere用于确定句，而anybody, anyt
17、hing, anywhere用于否认句、疑问句及条件句中。如： (1)I can see something on the wall. Is it a new painting? (2) Somebody is knocking at the door. Go and have a look. (3) Yesterday Han Mei found her pen somewhere. Now she still doesnt know who put it there. (4) Can you hear anything in the next room? Somebody is cryin
18、g. 5) Is there anybody running on the playground? Yes, its Wang Tong. (6) I cant see anybody in the teachers office. But I must ask the teacher an important question. (7) They didnt go anywhere, because it was raining heavily. They played ping-pong in the classroom. 但也有例外状况。当表达恳求、建议、反对等确定意图时，somethi
19、ng, somebody等词也可用于疑问句形式。如： (8) Is somebody coming this evening? Yes, But I dont know whos coming. (9) Would you please give me something to eat? Certainly. Help yourself to anything in the ice box. 老师可通过实物教学或创设情景教学，让学生在情景中学习并驾驭不定代词或副词的运用。如老师可利用教室中的物品：box, bag等进展活动。 A: Can you see anything in the box
20、? B: No, I cant. Its closed. C: I think there is something in it. B: I dont think so. Lets open it. Maybe theres nothing in it. 还可以出示图片假设情景：孩子们在春游，望见远处树丛中树叶晃动。 A: Look! Can you see anything over there? B: No, I cant see anything. A: Nothing? Look carefully and youll see something in the trees. B: So
21、rry I cant. Something is wrong with my eyes. A: Theres nothing wrong with your eyes, I think. Look again and youll see it. B: Oh, yes. Something is moving in the tree. Its a yellow bird! 稳固性练习：在学生了解不定代词根本用法的根底上指导学生做练习册第87页上的练习2，老师也可以适当补充一些课外练习来进一步加以稳固。 教学take和bring的用法 take和bring都有“拿”和“带”的意思。学生在实际运用中
22、简单混淆。一般来说take是把东西拿到离开说话人所说话的地方。表示“拿走”或“带走”。而bring那么表示把东西拿到说话人所说话的地方，是“拿来”，“带来”的意思。用图表示： 老师可以设置一些详细的情景，让学生进展练习。如： A: Wheres your homework, Wang Ming? B: Sorry, I left it at home. A: Bring it here tomorrow. B: OK. A: By the way, whose chair is it? B: Our teachers. A: Please help me take it to the teac
23、hers office. B: All right. A: Thanks a lot. B: You re welcome. take sthwith sb表示随身带走某物，bring sthwith sb那么表示随身带来某物。take sthaway表示拿走某物。试比拟： It is going to rain, please take your raincoat with you. When you come here next time, please bring the raincoat with you. Please take the empty box away. 阅读训练 本单
24、元支配了两篇阅读短文，比拟详尽地描述了孩子们在岛上的经验及所见所闻，情节跌宕起伏。初中学生有极强的新奇心，对课文内容必须很感爱好。在组织学生阅读前，教师可以先说明一些难点，如no longer，all by oneself，notuntil，look over等，为学生快速阅读扫除障碍。阅读后教师用Yes or No答复的一般疑问句提问学生，以加深他们对课文内容的理解。最终教师可以把按故事情节设置的幻灯片或简笔画展示给学生，让他们依据图示用英语讲出故事的主要情节。使阅读和口头训练有机地结合在一起，教学效果必须会更好。 教学指导 1本单元出现了不少常用的短语，必需要熟记并会运用。 bring f
25、ood for a picnic/be late for/had better not to do sth./have never been to/pull sth. out of/look I around/keep sth. cool/all by oneself/no longer/not. . .until/get sth. back/look over/run after( away) 2在教师的指导下，通过必须量的口头和书面训练，反复训练不定代词/副词something, anything, somebody, anybody, somewhere, anywhere的用法，娴熟驾
26、驭不定代词和副词的用法，take和bring的用法。 实力训练点 3本单元的主题是“参观小岛A visit to an island”。在学生娴熟驾驭课文内容的根底上，教师可给学生供应必须量的词汇和短语，要求他们效仿课文内容写一篇游记性质的小短文。 复合不定代词、副词 some-, any-, no-no one例外, every-与-one, -thing, -body, -where副词构成复合不定代词或副词。复合不定代词可以代替一般数量的名词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 一般状况下，some构成的复合不定代词，其作用和some一样，用于确定句：any构成的复合不定代词用于否认或疑问句；
27、no构成的复合不定代词其作用和any一样，用于否认句。如： I have something to tell you. 我有事要告知你。 He didnt say anything at the meeting yesterday. 昨天在会上他没有发言。 Everybody likes swimming. 每个人都喜爱游泳。 运用复合不定代词、副词应留意以下几点： 1复合不定代词被形容词修饰时，复合不定代词要放在形容词之前。如： Theres something new in todays paper. 今日的报纸上有些新内容。 2复合不定代词被动词不定式短语修饰时，不定式短语要后置。如：
28、I have something to tell you. 我有些话要告知你。 3复合不定代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： I hope everything goes well我盼望一切顺当。 Nothing is too difficult for you in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 4复合不定代词作主语，变成反意疑问句时，要看不定代词是指人还是指物：指人时，附加问句的主语用they或he人称与数相同；指物时附加问句的主语要用it。如： Someone is knocking at the
29、 door, isnt he? 或arent they?有人在敲门，对吗？ Everything begins to grow in spring, doesnt it? 春季万物起先生长，对不对？ 5含no的复合不定代词相当于“not + any的复合不定代词”。如： I saw nothing in the room. = I didnt see anything in the room我在屋子里什么也没望见。 6复合不定副词在句中只能作状语，常放在句尾。如： I cant find it anywhere我在什么地方都找不到它。 留意事项通常状况下，含some-的复会不定代词、副词用在确
30、定句中，但在表示恳求、建议等委婉说法的疑问句中，或期望得到确定答复的疑问句中，也用some-，不用any-。如： Would you like something to drink？ 你想要些喝的吗？ Can you find it somewhere? 你能在某个地方找到它吗？ 练习从以下各题后所给的选项中选择最正确答案填空。 1. Do you have _to say for yourself? Yes, it is this. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 2. Everyone is here today, _?
31、No, Han Mei isnt here. Shes ill. A. isnt it B. isnt he C. are they D. isnt everyone 3. Theres _with his eyes. Hes OK. A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing 4. Everything _ready. We can start now. A. are B. is C. be D. were 5. What about_? Im so hungry. A. anything to
32、 eat B. to eat something C. something to eat D. to eat anything Keys: 1-5 BBCBC 疑难解析 1. Are you coming with us? 你和我一起去吗？ 这是此时此刻时表示将来动作的用法。英语中类似come，go，fly, arrive, leave, start等表示位置移动的动词的此时此刻进展时态可用来表示按打算支配将要发生的事。如： My father is going to Shanghai tomorrow. Im going to see him off at the station. John
33、 is coming here next week and will stay here until May. So he is coming to see us the day after tomorrow. Im seeing her tomorrow. Shes in hospital. What are you doing next Saturday? Were going to visit a museum. 2. Which island shall we go to first？我先去哪个岛？ 句中的介词to不行以省略。从语法逻辑看，which island作后面动词的宾语。而g
34、o是不及物动词，不能干脆跟宾语，只有加上介词to才能与which island构成完整的动宾搭配。类似的还有wait for等。如： Who are you waiting for？ Im waiting for you. May I have a talk with you? 3. Weve never been there before.我以前从未去过那儿。 have been to+地点表示“曾经去过某地(此时此刻已回来)。have gone to+地点表示“某人去某地了(此时此刻不在这儿)”。如： (1) Where have you been? 你去过哪里? I have been
35、to Shanghai. 我去过上海。 (2) Where is she? 她去哪儿了? She has gone to the library. 她去图书馆了。 4. Were all by ourselves.就我这些人。 by oneself 意思是“单独的，单独的”。all修饰by oneself，起加强语气的作用。如： I learned English all by myself. My teacher is the recorder. 5. The picnic basket was no longer under the tree. no longer 表示“不再”，与nota
36、ny longer同义，强调时间。no more也表示“不再”，与notany more同义，强调数量。原句还可以说为：The picnic basket wasnt under the tree any longer. 如： I dont want wine any more. Its more than enough. 6. Sooner or later youll find it somewhere. 句中的sooner or later意思是“迟早”，其中and前后的sooner和later为互为反义词。英语中这种短语还有一些，下面几组比拟常见： back and white 白纸黑
37、字 every now and then 时常，时时 here and there 到处 off and on断断续续 days and nights 日日夜夜 more or less或多或少 7. As they were very hungry，they ate up all the food soon. 因为他们很饿，所以他们很快就把食物吃光了。 1as引导一个缘由状语从句。它与because的区分是：前者表示的缘由只是附带说明，无强调客观之意，不能答复why提出的问题；后者着重强调客观缘由，用于答复why提出的问题。例如： We all like her as she is kind
38、. Shes kind to everybody. As it was dark, he had to go home. Or his mother would be worried. 2eat up意思是吃光”。up与某些动词连用时，表示“完全，彻底”的意思。常见的几个词组有：drink up喝光；use up用完；clean up除掉，把整理干净。如： Please eat up your chicken. You need to eat more as a big boy. Drink up your milk before you go to school. Itll do good
39、to you. 8. Children took them back to the boat. 孩子们把它们带回船上。 take back为动副词组。在“动词 + 副词”短语中，当人称代词充当它的宾语时，人称代词不能置于副词之后，只能放在动词和副词之间。类似的短语还有look over，wake up，get back，put on等。如： Please wake me up tomorrow morning. Ill have to get to school half an hour earlier. 教学目标学问技能目标 l娴熟运用本单元的日常交际用语，特殊是“推想”的表示法，以及有关距
40、离的表达法。 2驾驭由some-, any-, no-, every，等与body. one , thing, where构成的不定代词、副词的用法及特别表达法。 3驾驭一些反义词的用法特殊是take与bring, borrow与lend。 学问目标： 1重点词汇 island, farther, farthest, somewhere, land, pull, out of, cool, anybody, ourselves, all by oneself, perhaps, happily, lots of, no longer, cry, get back, too to, anywhe
41、re, solve, believe, everybody, sooner or later, drop, run away, as, eat up, bank, circle 2日常交际用语汇 (1) Are you coming with us tomorrow? (2) Shall we bring food for a picnic? (3) Dont be late. Ill be there on time. (4) I feel a little afraid. (5) Dont be afraid. (6) Is everything OK? 3重点句型 (1) Cant yo
42、u hear anything? (2) Theres somebody/something/nobody there. (3) Its too heavy to carry. (4) The picnic basket was no longer under the tree. (5) We wont go until we get it back again. (6) Its time to go home now, or well be late. 4语法 不定代词/副词的用法； 动词take和bring的区分。 情感看法目标 1本单元所讲的故事情节带有很强的趣味性和悬念性，使读者的心态
43、随着孩子们的心态改变而改变，扣人心弦，从而领悟到文章情节支配的奇妙。 2通过对孩子们参观小岛过程的描述，可使我观赏到特殊的小岛风光。 通过本单元教学造就学生独立生活的实力。遇事要镇静冷静、胆大心细、擅长思索。 教学建议教学内容分析 本单元的教学核心是关于孩子们参观小岛A visit to an island的这件事。围绕这个核心支配了三个对话和两篇短文，集中反映了孩子们上岛前所做的打算工作约会、带食品、约定启程的时间，探讨去哪一个岛等及在岛上的所见所闻，情节跌宕起伏，有必须的传奇色调。在整个内容的支配中引出了本单元要学习的功能工程“推想”Conjecture、求助Calling for help和动词take，bring的区分及不定代词和
