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1、小升初英语语法总结+练习题及答案1、人称代词主格： I we you she he it they宾格： me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs一；用适当的代词填空。1.Is that car yours? Yes, it is _. 2.How is Mr Li? _is fine, thanks.3.Put on_ hat! I am going to put it on. 4.Who is that over he
2、re? It is_.5.The old man lives by _. 6.I am sure I can do it all by _.7.Look,is this room beautiful? I painted it _. 8.Id like to go for a walk. _ too.9.What are _jobs? They are students. 10.We think to _.11.Mary is old enough to take care of _. 12.It is perfume, I made it _.13.Look at _. She is ver
3、y well. 14.Can you carry this bo* upstairs by _.15.You and she did very well in the test. The teacher said that he would praise _ and_.16.The story _was very good, but you are did not tell it well.17.Give Jane this watch. Give_ this one too.18.Sara is not pleased with _in this English test.19.Did yo
4、u enjoy _at the party yesterday?20.She wants to buy a car of _own.二：选择填空.1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesnt enjoy _. A. he B. him C. his D. himself2. Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _. A. She , she B. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she3. Jims wat
5、ch is much newer than _. A. hers B.she C. her D. herself 4.Would you like _for super? A: something Chinese B：Chinese somethingC: anything Chinese D: Chinese anything5._ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it. A. She B. Shes C. Hers D. Her6.Who taught you English last year? Nobody taught me
6、 . I taught _. A. me B. myself C. mine D. I7.That bike is _? Ahe B. him C. his D. it8. We bought _ a present, but _ didnt like it. A. they, them B. them , they C. themselves , their D. theirs, they答案：1. mine2. he3. your4. her5. here6. myself7. myself8. me9. those10. ourselves11. herself12. myself13.
7、 her14. yourself15. you, her16. you made17. her18. her results19. yourself20. her1. D2. B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. C8. B2. 形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+erolder taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前+moremore interesting, etc.(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+erbigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y变i，再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不规则变化：well-better,
8、much/many-more, etc.3.可数词的复数形式一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. *. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, bo*-bo*es, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-wome
9、n, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出以下各词的复数I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _bo*_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ma
10、n_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5. 缩略形式Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he isits = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not etc6 冠词冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词a，an、定冠词the和零冠词三种，零冠词指的
11、是不用冠词的情况。不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。不定冠词的用法-1 不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音开头的词前，an用在以元音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示一 There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。2. 表示一类人和东西A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。3. 表示*一个的意思A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。4. 表示同一的意思They are nearly of an age. 他
12、们几乎同岁。The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。5. 表示每一的意思We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。8. 在英国英语中，以h开头的多
13、音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用an There is an hotel near here. 这附近有一家旅馆。9. 在such a，quite a句式中He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。Dont be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。10. 在感慨句 what.的句式中What a pretty girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！不定冠词的用法-2 用在*些表示数量的词组中：a lot of 许多a couple of 一对a great many 很多a dozen 一打但也可以用 one dozena gr
14、eat deal of 大量定冠词的用法-1 1. 用以特指*些人或*些事物This is the house where Lu*un once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Open the door, please. 请把门翻开。3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物第一次提到用“a或an，以后再次提到用“theOnce there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him. 从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只
15、狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。Shanghai is the biggest city in China. *是中国最大的城市。5. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮the earth 地球 the sky 天空the world 世界6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合
16、国定冠词的用法-2 7. 表示方向、方位in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits *海峡9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人The Bakers came to
17、see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。10. 和*些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物the poor 穷人 the rich 富人the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前the working class 工人阶级the Chinese munist Party 中国共产党12. 用在the very强调句中This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中The m
18、ore you drink, the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the play the piano 弹钢琴play the violin 拉小提琴15. *些固定的表达法in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头on the way to 前往.去的路上16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物The horse is
19、a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. 零冠词的用法1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词China 中国 Europe 欧洲Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词January 一月份 Sunday 星期日Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节比较： .on a Sunday morning
20、. 在一个星期天的早晨. 表示*一个。3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词I have lunch at school. 我在学校吃午餐。Summer is the best season for swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。比较： I had a big lunch yesterday. 昨天我吃了一顿丰富的午餐。表示*一个The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice. 史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。表示特指比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷
21、度过的那个夏天。表示特指4. 进展球类运动play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球play football 踢足球5. 没有特指的物质名词This cart is made of wood. 这辆手推车是用木头作的。比较： The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。表示特指6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词Time is precious. 时间是珍贵的。比较： The time of the play was 1990s. 这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。表示特指7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。I like
22、 tomatoes. 我喜欢西红柿。8. 山峰Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰9. 固定词组go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院at school 求学 in school 求学at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里10. 独立构造中的名词不加冠词A boy came in, book in hand. 一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。11. 泛指人类Man is mortal. 人必
23、有一死。12. 在kind of名词 sort of名词句式中What kind of flower is it? 这是什么花？I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。13. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman 等。He is (the) captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。As (the) chairman of the mittee, I declare the meeting open. 作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开场。冠词和三餐的搭配三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词三餐名词之前假设加形容
24、词时则除外：We have breakfast at eight我们8点钟吃早饭。He gave us a good breakfast他请我们吃了一顿丰富的早餐。I was invited to dinner他们邀请我吃饭。I was invited to a dinner given to wele the new ambassador我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。The Scots have porridge for breakfast苏格兰人早餐吃粥。The wedding breakfast was held in her fathers house婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。介词
25、短语与冠词一. at table 在进餐at the table 在桌子旁边at desk 在读书at the desk 在课桌旁at school 在上学at the school 在学校里in class 在上课in the class 在班级里面in bed 卧床in the bed 在床上in prison 坐牢in the prison 因事在监狱in hospital 住院in the hospital 因事在医院go to school 去上学go to the school 因事去学校go to bed 上床睡觉go to the bed 在床上go to hospital 去
26、看病go to the hospital 去医院二. take place 发生take the place 代替in place of 代替in the place of 在.的地方in case of 万一in the case of 就.来说out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 完全不可能通常使用不定冠词的短语after a while 过了一会儿all of a sudden 突然as a rule 通常as a result 结果，因此as a matter of fact 事实上as a whole 大体上at a loss 不知所措in
27、a hurry 急忙in a way 在*种程度上in a word 总而言之Its a pity that令人遗憾的是put an end to完毕e to an end 完毕e to a conclusion 得出结论have a good time 玩得愉快have a rest 休息一下have a cold 感冒have a word with 和谈一谈keep an eye for 对有鉴赏力make a living 谋生make a fire 生火make a fool of 愚弄take a walk 散步2. 冠词的练习Choose the best answer 选择最正
28、确答案: 1. There is _ house in the picture. There is _old woman near_house.A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an 2. He has already worked for _ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填3. Alice is fond of playing _ piano. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填4. Beyond _ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _
29、space.A. 不填；the B. the ; the C. 不填，不填 D. the; 不填5. _ terrible weather weve been having these days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 6.- Where is Jack? - I think he is still in _ bed, but he might just be in _bathroom. A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填; the 7.When do you have _breakfast every day
30、? A. a B. an C. the D. 不填8. Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _public places. A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the ; the D. 不填; 不填二精讲精练：不熟练的语法点的回忆代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词可分以下九类：1.人称代词主格在句中作主语有： I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格在句中作宾语有：me, you, him, her, it, us, you , the
31、m 2. 物主代词形容词性的物主代词作定语有：my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their 名词性的物主代词作主语、表语，宾语有：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 3. 反身代词自身代词有 myself, herself, themselves等。4. 相互代词有：each other, one another 5. 提示代词有：this , that , these , those , those 6. 疑问代词用来引导特殊疑问句有 who, what, whose 等。7. 关系代词用来
32、引导定语从句有which, that, who 等。8. 连接代词用来引导名词性从句有：what, who, whose等。9. 不定代词有:all, each, both, either, neither, one, any 等。10. 不定代词指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。下面列出局部不定代词的用法比较：1.both和all ： both 指两者，all 指三者以上。Both of the answers are right.两个答案都对。All the answers are correct. 所有的答案都对。2.every和each： every指至少三个，强调共性，
33、each 可指小到两个，强调个体。Every room is clean and tidy. 每一个房间都很整洁。Each student may try twice. 每个学生可以试两次。3.either 和neither 都是谈两个人或物：Either of the answers is right. 两个答案都对。either指两者当中任意一个Neither of the answers is right.两个答案都不对。neither指两者都不是4. some 和any some 一般用于肯定句中，而any用于疑问句、否认句或条件句中：Are there any stamps in t
34、he drawer?抽屉里有邮票吗？Yes, there are some. 是的，有一些。注意，当*些疑问句表示请求、建议等肯定意义时，用some不用any: Would you like some tea? 想喝点茶吗？5. no one 和none : no one 仅指人，none 可指人或物。No one failed in the e*amination. 考试没有人不及格。None of the students failed in the e*amination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。-Have you any string?你有绳子吗？ -No, I have none.
35、没有。代词的练习一.填空1. This bike is my sisters. It belongs to _ (她的)。2. This isnt my book. _(我的) is in the bag. 3. They quarrelled among _他们. 4. You and I understand _(彼此) perfectly. 5. If there are _一些 new magazines in the library, take some for me. 二单项选择1. _ writer is better know in China, Charles Dickens
36、 or Mark Twain? A. Which B. What C. Either D. Whether 2. They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to have a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither 3. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _. A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves 4. -Is _ here? - No, Bob and Tim have aske
37、d for leave. A. anybody B. Somebody C. everybody D. nobody 5. We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any C. no one ; any 【参考答案】一填空：1.her 2.mine 3.themselves 4. each other 5. any 二单项选择：1.A 2.C 3. B 4. C 5.C6. a/ana book, a peachan egg an hour7
38、. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, ne*t to, near, beside, at, behind.表示时间： at si* oclock, at Christmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter8. 基数词和序数词one first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have
39、 any brothers or sisters?10. be 动词(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否认句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.3一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.11. there be 构造肯定句： The
40、re is a There are 一般疑问句:Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.否认句： There isnt . There arent.12. 祈使句Sit down pleaseDont sit down, please.13. 现在进展时.通常用“now.形式： be + verb +ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) e
41、ating.动词 ing 的形式Most verbs +ing walkwalkingVerbs ending in e -e + ing eingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run running swimswimming1、 写出以下动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ e _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_2、 用所给的
42、动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _
