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1、英文部分ThenewconceptofcuttingprocessingThenowadayscuttingtoolcompanycannotonlybeagainthemanufactureandthesalescuttingtool,inordertosucceed,theymustbeconsistentwiththeglobalizationmanufacturetendencymaintenance,throughenhancestheefficiency,cooperateswiththecustomerreducesthecost.Approachestheinstantaneo
2、usglobalcompetitionafterthisafterNAFTA,theWTOtime,theworldcompanyismakingquicklytothesamefeeling,islighter,acheaperresponse.Inotherwords,theymaketheproductandthecomponentscontaincaninhighspeedunderrevolve,asaresultofthecostpressure,best,islightermoreovermustmakecheaply.Obtainsthesegoalsabestwayisthr
3、oughdevelopsandappliesthenewmaterial,buttheseisnewandtheimprovementmaterialusuallyallwithdifficultyprocesses.Ininthiskindofcommercialpowerandthetechnicaldifficultycombinationisespeciallyprominentintheautomobileandtheaviationindustry,andhasbecomehastheexperiencethecuttingtoolcompanytoresearchanddevel
4、opthedepartmentthemostimportantdrivinginfluence.Forexample,takesthemodularcastirontosaythat,ithasbecometheenginepartandotherautomobiles,theagriculturethematerialwhichseedaybydaywiththeequipmentandinthemachinetoolindustrycomponents.Thiskindofalloyprovidesthelowproductioncostandthegoodmachinecapabilit
5、ycombination.Theyarecheaperthanthesteelproducts,buthasahigherintensityandtoughnesscomparedtothecastiron.Butatthesametimethemodularcastironisextremelywear-resisting,hasfastbreaksbyrubbingthecuttingtoolmaterialthetendency.Inthiswearresistantverygreatdegreebeadluminousbodycontentinfluence.Someknownmodu
6、larcastironbeadluminousbodycontenthigher,itsresistancetowearbetter,moreoveritsmachinabilityisworse.Moreover,themodularcastironporositycausesoffandontocut,thisevenmorereducesthelife.Mayestimatethat,thehighdegreeofhardnessandthehighwear-resistingcuttingmaterialqualitymustconsiderthemodularcastirontheh
7、ighresistancetowear.AndthematerialqualitycontainsextremelyhardTiCinfact(carbonizedtitanium)orTiCN(carbontitaniumnitrides)thickcoatingwhencuttingspeedeachminute300metersprocessesthemodularcastirontoproveusuallyiseffective.Butalongwithcuttingspeedincrease,scrap/Thecuttingtooljunctionplanetemperatureal
8、soisincreasing.Whenhassuchsituation,theTiCcoatingfavorsinhasthechemicalreactionwiththeironandsoftens,morepressuresfunctioninanti-crescentmoonhollowattritioncoating.Undertheseconditions,hopedhasonechemicalstabilitybettercoating,likeA12O3(althoughunderlowspeedwasinferiortoTiChardoriswear-resisting).Th
9、echemicalstabilitybecomesanimportantperformanceperformancedividinglinecomparedtotheresistancetowearthefactor,thespeedandthetemperatureisdecidedinisprocessedthemodularcastironthecrystalgrainstructureandtheperformance.ButusuallythickcoatingofTiCNandTiCoronlyductileironoxidesinthesoilcoatingisappliedto
10、,becausethetodaymajorityofthiskindsareprocessedthematerialthecuttingspeedineachminute150to335metersbetween.Ishigherthaneachminute300meterapplicationsregardingthespeed,thepeopletothiskindofmaterialaresatisfied.Inordertocausethisscopeperformancetobemostsuperior,themountainhighresearchedanddevelopedand
11、haspromotedinviewofmodularcastironprocessingmaterialqualityTX150.Thiskindofmaterialqualityhashardalsotheanti-distortionsubstrate,isveryidealregardingtheprocessingmodularcastiron.Itscoatingtheoxidecompoundcoatingwhichhollowlywearsbythickverywear-resistingcarbontitaniumnitridesandathinanti-crescentmoo
12、n,thetopisthinlayerTiN.ThiskindofcoatingwhichneedsthecenterwarmchemistrygasphasedepositionusingthestateoftheartproductionresistancetowearandtheanticrescentmoonhollowattritionwhichtheCVDcoatingcompletedegreeofhardnessmoreoverthetoughsmoothnessincreases(MTCVD)thecraft.SubstrateZThecoatingcombinationpe
13、rformancegivestheveryhighanti-plasticdeformationandthecuttingedgemicrocollapsestheability,causesittobecomeunderthenormalspeedtoprocessthemodularcastirontheidealmaterialquality.Thecoatingceramicsalsodisplaycaneffectivelyprocessthemodularcastiron.Inthepast,thealuminumoxideceramicsapplicationwhichnotth
14、ecoatingtoughgoodsuchasnitridingsiliconandthesiliconcarbidetextilefiberstrengthenedtheworkpiecematerialchemistryparalysislimit.Todaybutcouldresistthescrapdistortionprocessthroughtheusetohavethehighthermalcoatingcuttingtoollifealreadyremarkablytoincrease.Butcertainearlythisdomainsworkpieceprocessingu
15、sealuminumoxidesspreadthelayercrystalstohavetostrengthentheceramics,todaymostresearchconcentrateintheTiNcoatingnitridingsilicon.Thiskindofcoatingcanremarkablyopenupthetoughgoodceramicstheapplicationscope.Whenmachining,theworkpiecehasprocessedthesurfaceisdependsuponthecuttingtoolandtheworkpiecemakest
16、herelativemotiontoobtain.Accordingtothesurfacemethodofformation,themachiningmaydivideintotheknifepointpathlaw,theformedcuttingtoollaw,thegeneratingprocessthreekinds.Theknifepointpathlawisdependsupontheknifepointtobeoppositeintheworkpiecesurfacepath,obtainsthesuperficialgeometryshapewhichtheworkpiece
17、requests,liketheturningouterannulus,theshapingplane,thegrindingouterannulus,withtheprofileturningformingsurfaceandsoon,theknifepointpatharedecidedthecuttingtoolandtheworkpiecerelativemotionwhichprovidesintheenginebed;Theformedcuttingtoollawabbreviationforming,iswiththeformedcuttingtoolwhichmatcheswi
18、ththeworkpiecefinalsuperficialoutline,ortheformedgrindingwheelandsoonprocessestheformedsurface,likeformedturning,formedmillingandformgrindingandsoon,becauseformsthecuttingtoolthemanufacturequitetobedifficult,thereforeonlyusesinprocessingtheshortformedsurfacegenerally;Thegeneratingprocessnamerollscut
19、smethod,iswhentheprocessingthecuttingtoolandtheworkpiecedounfoldthemovementrelatively,thecuttingtoolandtheworkpiececentrodemakethepuretrundlemutually,betweenbothmaintainsthedefinitetransmissionratiorelations,obtainstheprocessingsurfaceistheknifeedgeinthiskindofmovementenvelope,inthegearprocessingrol
20、lsthetooth,thegearshaping,theshaving,thetophorizontaljadepiecetoothandrubsthetoothandsoontobethegeneratingprocessprocessing.Somemachininghasatthesametimetheknifepointpathlawandtheformedcuttingtoolmethodcharacteristic,likethreadturning.Themachiningqualitymainlyisreferstotheworkpiecetheprocessingpreci
21、sionandthesurfacequality(includingsurfaceroughness,residualstressandsuperficialhardening).Alongwiththetechnicalprogress,themachiningqualityenhancesunceasingly.The18thcenturylaterperiods,themachiningprecisioncountsbythemillimeter;Atthebeginningof20thcentury,machiningprecisionGaoYida0.01millimeter;Tot
22、he50,s,themachiningprecisionhasreachedamicronlevel;The70s,themachiningprecisionenhancesto0.1micron.Theinfluencemachiningqualityprimaryfactorhasaspectsandsoonenginebed,cuttingtool,jig,workpiecesemifinishedmaterials,techniqueandprocessingenvironment.Mustimprovethemachiningquality,musttakethesuitableme
23、asuretotheabovevariousaspects,likereducestheenginebedworkerror,selectsthecuttingtoolcorrectly,improvesthesemifinishedmaterialsquality,thereasonablearrangementcraft,theimprovementenvironmentalconditionandsoon.Enhancesthecuttingspecificationstoenhancethematerialexcisionrate,isenhancesthemachiningeffic
24、iencytheessentialway.Thecommonlyusedhighlyeffectivemachiningmethodhasthehigh-speedcutting,theforcecutting,theplasmaarcheatingcutsandvibratesthecuttingandsoon.Thegrindingspeediscalledthehigh-speedgrindingin45meters/secondabovecuttings.Usesthehigh-speedcutting(orgrinding)bothmayenhancetheefficiency,an
25、dmayreducethesurfaceroughness.Thehigh-speedcutting(orgrinding)requeststheenginebedtohavethehighspeed,thehighrigidity,thehighefficiencyandthevibration-proofgoodcraftsystem;Requeststhecuttingtooltohavethereasonablegeometryparameterandtheconveniencetightway,butalsomustconsiderthesafereliablechipbreakin
26、gmethod.Theforcecuttingreferstotheroughingfeedorcutsthedeepmachininggreatly,usesintheturningandthegrindinggenerally.Theforceturningmaincharacteristicisthelathetoolbesidesthemaincuttingedge,butalsosomeisparallelintheworkpiecehasprocessedsuperficialthevice-cuttingedgesimultaneouslytoparticipateinthecu
27、tting,thereforemayenhancetofeedquantitycomparedtothegeneralturningseveraltimesofevenseveraltimes.Compareswiththehigh-speedcutting,theforcecuttingcuttingtemperatureislow,thecuttingtoollifeislong,thecuttingefficiencyishigh;Theshortcomingisprocessesthesurfacetoberough.Whenforcecutting,theradialdirectio
28、ncuttingforcedeathofaparentisnotsuitablefortoprocessthetallandslenderworkpieceverymuch.Thevibrationcuttingisalongthecuttingtooldirectionoffeed,theattachmentlowfrequencyorthehighfrequencyvibrationmachining,mayenhancethecuttingefficiency.Thelowfrequencyvibrationcuttinghastheverygoodchipbreakingeffect,
29、butdoesnotusethechipbreakingequipment,makestheknifeedgeintensitytoincrease,timethecuttingtotalpowerdissipationcomparedtohasthechipbreakinginstallmentordinarycuttingtoreduceabout40%.Thehighfrequencyvibrationcuttingalsocalledtheultrasonicwavevibrationcutting,ishelpfulinreducesbetweenthecuttingtoolandt
30、heworkpiecefriction,reducesthecuttingtemperature,reducesthecuttingtoolthecoherenceattrition,thustheenhancementcuttingefficiencyandtheprocessingsurfacequality,thecuttingtoollifemayenhance40%approximately.Tolumber,plastic,rubber,glass,marble,graniteandsoonnonmetallicmaterialmachining,althoughissimilar
31、withthemetalmaterialcutting,butusesthecuttingtool,theequipmentandthecuttingspecificationsandsoonhasthecharacteristicrespectively.Thelumberproductmachiningmainlycarriesineachkindofjoinersbench,itsmethodmainlyhas:Thesawcuts,digscuts,theturning,themilling,drillstruncateswiththepolishingandsoon.Theplast
32、icrigidityisworsethanthemetal,theeasybendingstrain,thethermoplasticthermalconductivitytobeinparticularbad,easytoelevatetemperaturetheconditioning.Whencuttingplastic,suitablywiththehigh-speedsteelorthehardalloytools,selectsthesmalltofeedquantityandthehighcuttingspeed,andusescompressedaircooling.lfthe
33、cuttingtoolissharp,theangleisappropriate,mayproducethebelt-shapedscrap,easytocarryoffthequantityofheat.Glass(includingsemiconductingmaterialandsoongermanium,silicon)butdegreeofhardnesshighbrittlenessisbig.Tomethodsandsoonglassmachiningcommonlyusedcutting,drillhole,attritionandpolishing.Tothicknessin
34、threemillimetersfollowingglassplates,thesimplecuttingmethodiswiththediamondorotherhardmaterials,inglasssurfacemanualscoring,theusescratchplacestressconcentration,thenusesthehandtobreakoff.Tothemarble,thegraniteandtheconcreteandsoonthehardmaterialprocessing,mainlyusesmethodsandsooncutting,turning,dri
35、llhole,shaping,attritionandpolishing.Whencuttingtheavailablecircularsawbladeaddsthegrindingcompoundandthewater;Theouterannulusandtheendsurfacemayusethenegativerakethehardalloylathetool,by10-30meter/minutecuttingspeedturning;Drillsaholetheavailablehardalloydrillbit;Thebigstonematerialplaneavailableha
36、rdalloyplaningtoolorrollscutsplaningtoolshaping;Theprecisesmoothsurface,availablethreemutuallyforthedatumtothemethodwhichgrinds,orthegrindingandthepolishingmethodobtains.CuttingtoolinhotstrongalloyapplicationTheaviationprocessingalsochangesrapidly.Forexample,nickelbaseheat-resistingalloylikeseveraly
37、earsagothemostpeoplehadnotheardRene88nowoccupiestotheaircraftenginemanufactureusesthetotalmetalquantity1025%.Hasverygoodshowingandthecommercialreasonregardingthis.Forexample,theseheatstrongalloywillbeabletoincreasetheengineendurancemoreovertopermitthesmallengineworkonthebigairplane,thatwillenhanceth
38、ecombustionefficiencyandreducestheoperationcost.Thesetoughgoodmaterialsalsopresenttheexpenseonthecuttingtool.Theirthermalstabilitycausesontheknifepointthetemperaturetobehigher,thusreducedthecuttingtoollife.Similarly,inthesealloycarbidepelletremarkablyincreasedthefriction,thusreducesthecuttingtoollif
39、e.Asaresultofchangesintheseconditions,canbeverypleasedtohaveprocessedmanytitaniumalloysandnickel-basedalloymaterialsC-2hardmetalalloys,intheapplicationtotodayscuttingedgeofbladetothecrushingandcuttingdepthofthetrenchlinesbadlyworn.Butusingthelatesthigh-temperatureprocessingofsmallparticleshardmetala
40、lloystobeeffective,cutlerylifeimproved,butmoreimportantlytoenhancethereliabilityofapplicationsinhigh-temperaturealloys.Smallparticleshardmetalthantraditionalhardmetalmaterialshighercompressionstrengthandhardness,onlyasmallincreaseintheresilienceofthecost.Andresultedinhightemperaturealloyprocessingth
41、antraditionalhardmetalresistancecommonfailuremodemoreeffective.PVD(physicalgasphasedeposition)coatingalsobycertificateeffectiveprocessingheat-resistingalloy.TiN(titaniumnitrides)thePVDcoatingwasusesandstillwasmostearlymostreceiveswelcome.Recently,TiAlN(nitrogencalorizationtitanium)andTiCN(carbontita
42、niumnitrides)thecoatingalsocouldverygooduse.InthepasttheTiAlNcoatingapplicationscopeandTiNcomparedthelimittobemore.Butafterthecuttingspeedenhancesthemisaverygoodchoice,enhancestheproductivityintheseapplicationstoreach40%.Ontheotherhand,isdecidedunderthelowcuttingspeedincoatingsuperficialoperatingmod
43、eTiAlNcancausetoaccumulatethefilingslumpafterwards,microcollapseswiththetrenchattrition.Recently,usedintheheat-resistingalloyapplicationmaterialqualityalreadydeveloping,thesecoatingbutbecamebyseveralcombinations.Themassivelaboratoriesandthescenetesthasalreadyproventhiskindofcombinationandotheranykin
44、dofsolecoatingcomparesintimetheverywidescopeapplicationisveryeffective.Thereforeaimsattheheat-resistingalloyapplicationthePVDcompoundcoatingpossiblytobecomethefocalpointwhichthehardalloynewmaterialqualityresearchanddevelopmentcontinues.WiththeMTCVDcoating,thecoatingceramicsgatherinthesameplace,theyh
45、opefullybecomeamoreeffectiveprocessingtoresearchanddevelopnewlyaremoredifficulttoprocesstheworkpiecematerialthemainimpactstrength.DryprocessingIncludingtherefrigerantquestionistechnicalandthecommercialexpansionindustrialproductiontendencyanotherdomainwhichthecuttingtoolmakes.NorthAmericaandtheEurope
46、anstrictrefrigerantmanagementrequestandthebiggestthreeautomobilemanufacturerforcesthemthecoresuppliertoobtaintheISO14000authentication(theIS09000environmentmanagementedition),thiscausestherefrigerantprocessingcostrise.Tothecarcompanyandtheircoresuppliersaidobviouslyoneofresponseswhichwelcomeisinthes
47、pecificprocessingapplicationavoidscompletelytherefrigeranttheuse.Thiskinddidtheprocessingthenewworldtoproposeaseriesofchallengesforthecuttingtoolsupplier.Recently,alreadyappearedsometoconcernthistopictopromulgatethespeed,toenterfor,thecoatingchemicalcompositionandotherparametersverysubstantialcompre
48、hensivenatureverystrongusefultechnicalpapers.Wantstoconcentratetheelaborationinheremedoestheprocessingviewpointintheoperationandcommercialmeaningautomobilemanufacturernew.Themetalworkingjobholderscantheverygoodunderstandingrelatedrefrigerantusequestion,butmajoritycannotunderstandconcernsexceptthetec
49、hnicalchallenge(forexamplerowoffilings)besidedoestheprocessingquestioninthecuttingtool-workpiececontactfacebetween.Usuallymayobservetotherefrigerantdisperserscrapwhichflowsout,butthepressuresurpasses3,000pounds/Aninch2highspeedrefrigerantalsocanhelptobreakthefilings,speciallysoftalsothecontinualscrapcancauseinthecuttingtool-workpiececontactfacetrouble.Usesdoesthecuttingcraftthecomponentsresultistheenginebedusesthewettypeprocessingcomponentstobehotterthan.Whetherbeforeyoudoallowthemtosurveyintheopen-airnaturalcooling?Ifproce
