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1、被动语态,The Passive Voice,被动语态The Passive Voice,(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,(一)被动语态基本用法:,1.被动语态的构成,时态构成一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时wa,be + done,(二)被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的变化,be + done(二)被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化,英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the P
2、assive Voice),A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,英语动词有两种语态：A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他们
3、打扫了。,We speak Engl,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,is/are+过去分词,Cars are made in China .,The desk is made of wood.,English is taught in our school.,如何由主动语态变成被动语态呢 ？,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构： is/are+过去分词,by many students.,1.Many students study English.,English,is studied,2.They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,are made,by the
4、m,in that factory.,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,is/are+过去分词,by many students.1.Many studen,1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。,2. 将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动,3. 将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by 的宾语放在谓动词之后,运用一下吧,1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2. 将主动语,They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make the
5、se machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,They play football on Sunday.,1. They bought a computer last term,by them last term.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were +过去分
6、词,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,A computer,was bought,1. They bought a computer last,They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His
7、little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,They built the tall building l,They used the rooms for resting.,The rooms were used for resting by them.,They used the rooms for restin,3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：,be going to be/will be+过去分词,1.They will finish the
8、 work in ten days.,by them in ten days.,The work,will be finished,2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.,The room,is going to be cleaned,by Tom tomorrow.,3.一般将来时的被动语态结构： be going to be,We will held a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaste
9、r is going to give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk is going to be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,We will held a sports meeting,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,1.Amy can
10、take good care of Gina ,by Amy.,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,More water,should be drunk,by you.,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/s,1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be
11、 taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,1.He can take care of the ba,5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构,is / am / are + being 过去分词,1.Some workers are painting the rooms now,by some workers now.,The rooms,are being painted,2.
12、He is watching TV.,TV,is being watched,by him.,5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构is / am / are +,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have / has been 过去分词,1.We have made a key,by us.,A key,has been made,2.We have finished our compositions.,Our compositions,have been finished,by us.,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构have / has bee,1. Now English _ by more an
13、d more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken,一般现在时的被动语态：am / is / are + done,1. Now English _ by more,2. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for,一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + done,2. The lost boy _ at the,3. More man-made satellit
14、es _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up,一般将来时的被动语态：will + be + donebe going to + be + done,3. More man-made satellites,4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built,现在完成时的被动语态：have/ has+ been + done,4. Three bridges _ since,5. Flower
15、s _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water,含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + done,5. Flowers _ every day.,(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,(一)被动语态基本用法:,1.被动语态的构成,时态构成一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时wa,be + done,(二)被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的
16、变化,be + done(二)被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化,1.规则动词的过去分词：,1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed,watch-watched,2)以不发音e结尾的加-d,practice-practiced,3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed,study-studied,4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,stop-stopped,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,arewaswere,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,动词过去分词的变化:,1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一
17、般情况在动词原形后加-edwa,(三)何时使用被动语态？ 1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen 我的自行车被盗了。,(三)何时使用被动语态？,3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，19894、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如： Tina是被Paul叫来的。 Tina is asked to come by Paul,3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：,
18、5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that ,5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如：,(四)主动语态变被动语态: (1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;(2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主
19、动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如： They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes,in the factory.,are made,them,by,(四)主动语态变被动语态: in the factory.a,主变被步骤:,1.找宾语: 即动作的承受者(改为主语),He washed his car yesterday.,His car,3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数.,be,4. 判断动词的时态 : 即be动词的时态.,2. 修改谓语的语态:即be+原V
20、.过去分词,washed,5. 修改原句的主语 :即by +主语(变宾格).,(by them),yesterday.,iswas,was,主变被步骤:1.找宾语: 即动作的承受者(改为主语)He w,1.Tom broke the window.The window,2.She broke the windows.The windows,3.He cleans the classroom everyday. The classroom,was broken,by Tom.,were broken,by her.,is cleaned,by him,be动词的单复数变化:,everyday.,
21、1.Tom broke the window.2.Sh,He rides the motorbike to work every day.,The motorbike,is ridden,to work,(by him),every day.,A computer,computer, use, in our class,is used,in our class,every day.,He rides the motorbike to work,They bought ten computers last year,Ten computers,last year.,were bought,(by
22、 them),They bought ten computers la,1.They will finish the work in ten days.,The workin ten days.,will be finished,(by them),2.They are going to have a show tomorrow.,A show,is going to be had,(by them),tomorrow.,1.They will finish the work in,1. Amy can take good care of the cat,The cat,can be take
23、n good care of,by Amy.,2. They should sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs,by them.,should be sung,1. Amy can take good care of t,He can carry the basket easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,在通常情况下，修饰被动语态的副词一定要放在助动词be与过去分词之间。如： She was badly paid. 她挣的钱很少。 The trip was well org
24、anized. 旅行组织得很好。,将副词放在过去分词之后也是可以的。,He can carry the basket easily,2.含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，有以下三种情形： (1)有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语),也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关)。比较： He gave
25、her some money. 他给她一些钱。 She was given Some money was given to her.,some money.,2.含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，有以下三种情形： so,2. He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.,His friend was bought some fruits (by him) yesterday.,Some fruits were bought for his friend (by him) yesterday.,1. He bought her a watch. A wa
26、tch was bought for her (by him). She was bought a watch (by him).,2. He bought his friend some,(2)有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)： Father made me a doll. A doll was made for me. He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to
27、her. (3)有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语： He answered me that question. I was answered that question by him.,(2)有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pa,3,主动语态的句子里一感（feel），二听（listen to、hear），三让（let、make、have)五看（look、see、watch、notice、observe），半帮助（help）在主动语态里常省去to ,
28、 但变成被动语态时，必须要补回to。,例:主动：I make her do the dishes. 被动：She is made to do the dishes by me,3,主动语态的句子里一感（feel），二听（listen t,表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义,4.作“需要”讲的need/want/require的被动形式： 物+ need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 人+ need/want/require to do Your jacket
29、 needs washing.= Your jacket needs to be washed.,表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/eas,5.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。 begin, open, start, stop, end, finish, shut, run,.)The shop opens at 6 am. every day,5.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。,A traffic accident _(happen) just now.,happened,2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem
30、, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become,Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.,sounds,3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性(或当它们和badly, well,easily等连用时，表示主语的内在品质或性能且为不及物动词)的时候:,The pen _ (write) very fast.,Writes,This kind of sweater _ (sell) well.,sells,1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, ,不用被动语态的动
31、词：,A traffic accident _(h,(表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：,read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, ,The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is
32、 washed,(表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词 (well/ bad,Practice:2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They are stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.,will,be,built,is,being,stopped,Practice:willbebuiltisbeingsto,5. If your homework _(do) well, you may go to play.8. The ship model _ be _ (make) in two
33、days.,is done,will,made,5. If your homework _(do),9. Im sorry,sirYour recorder录音机isnt ready yetIt _ in the factory is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasnt been repaired,9. Im sorry,sirYour recorder,10In warm weather, fruit and meat _ long cannot be kept dont keep mustnt keep is not kep
34、t,10In warm weather, fruit and,11. -Did you hand him the letter yesterday? -No, I _ to him A. brought it B. took it C. had it sent D. carried it,12Alice had a dress _ last week Amade B. make C. to be made D. to make,11. -Did you hand him the let,Oral practice-主动句改被动句,A car knocked him down yesterday
35、. They are cutting up a fallen tree,He was knocked down by a car yesterday A fallen tree was being cut up by them,Oral practice-主动句改被动句 A car kn,4). We will put on the play next Sunday5). Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6). They has completed the railway ,The play will be p
36、ut on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway has been completed ,4). We will put on the play ne,7). We should protect the earth8). You need to paint the wall,The earth should be protected by us The wall needs to be painted 或The wall needs painting.,7).
37、We should protect the eart,Quiz 1,1. The steel _ cold A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt2. His plan _ good A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds,3.Work _ at 7 pm. today A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended,Quiz 11. The steel _ cold,4.The pen _ smoothly A. was w
38、rote B. writes C. has writing D. is written5.This coat _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed,4.The pen _ smoothly,Correcting mistake,2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?,was sent,will last,were hurt,Correcting mistake2.Correct th,4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good6)Your coat needs being washed,begins,sounds,to be washed / washing,4)Class is begun at 7:30 every,
