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1、句子写作应对策略,第二讲：增加修饰成分,一、简单的修饰成分,形容词、副词The relative importance of talent and training is a topic of discussion.The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion.Teachers complain about this problem.Teachers continually complain about this problem.翻译练习：所有孩子可以被教而获得技
2、能。All children can be taught to acquire skills.所有孩子可以被有效地教而获得不同的技能。All children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills.,总体而言，我认为保持一个对于生活的清晰看法（keep clear perspectives in life）的能力是获得幸福的一个因素。Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a factor in achieving happiness
3、.总体而言，我认为保持一个对于生活的清晰看法的能力是获得幸福的一个更加基本的因素。Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.,介词短语A child can acquire these skills.A child can acquire these skills with continued teaching and guided practice.翻译练习：但是这并不意味着人就不能够快乐。But this d
4、oes not mean that people cannot be happy.但是这并不意味着没有这些条件的人就不能够快乐。But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.,二、相对复杂的修饰成分：非谓语动词,动词不定式作定语Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.People is the most f
5、undamental aspect to form the society.翻译练习：互联网是传播信息（convey information）的经济的途径。The Internet is an economic way to convey information.现在，随着电脑的广泛使用，许多成年人感到学习电脑知识的迫切需要（the pressing needs）。Nowadays, with the wide application of computers, many adults feel the pressing needs to acquire computer knowledge.
6、,动词不定式作状语我们政府应采取更强硬的措施（stronger and harsher measures）来对付乱丢垃圾（littering）的行为。Our government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behaviour.不仅为了我们，也为了后代（future generations），政府和普通市民应该携手并肩（make concerted efforts）营造一个更为清洁的环境。Governments and ordinary people should make concerte
7、d efforts to create a cleaner environment not only for us, but also for our future generations.要成为一个身心健康的人，均衡的生活（a balanced life）是必要的。To be a physically and psychologically healthy person, one should lead a balanced life.,现在分词作定语反对方持有令人信服的证据来支持他们的立场。The critics have convincing evidence to support th
8、eir position.青少年不断恶化的健康状况已经引起公众的关注。The worsening health condition of youths has been brought into public focus.媒体有时发出误导性和欺骗性的信息。The media sometimes give misguiding and cheating messages.太多游客涌入旅游景点对文物的保护构成潜在的威胁（potential risks）。Too many tourists flooding the tourist attractions pose potential risks t
9、o the preservation of cultural relics.人们很难就正在讨论的具有争议的话题达成一致（reach an absolute consensus on）。People can rarely reach an absolute consensus on the controversial issue being discussed.,现在分词作状语By visiting museums, we can not only learn about our history and civilization, but gradually cultivate a sense
10、of social responsibility, which normally stems from a clear understanding of mankinds history.翻译练习考虑所有这些因素之后，我们可以得出结论，义务兵役制（compulsory military service）完全不可以接受。Taking into account all the factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that compulsory military service is totally unacceptable.汽车发出震
11、耳欲聋的（deafening）噪音，释放出有毒气体，严重影响人们健康。Making deafening noises and emitting toxic gases, cars are affecting human life adversely.,过去分词作定语根据新颁布（issue）的规定，许多行人被处罚。Many pedestrians are penalized according to the newly issued regulations.学生的不良行为似乎成了一个不断扩大的问题。Poor students behaviour seems to be an increasing
12、ly widespread problem. 过去分词作状语如果要我选择的话，我将基于以下几点理由毫不犹豫地选择后者的观点。If asked to make a choice, I would not hesitate to side with the latter view.由于被网络上的过度色情与暴力深深影响，有些青少年误入歧途。Deeply influenced by excessive pornography and violence on the Internet, some teenagers go astray.,三、最复杂的修饰成分：从句（定语、状语从句）,修饰某个句子成分：S
13、tudents who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.I think this is less likely today, when academic qualification are essential for getting a reasonable career.修饰从句：A person needs to know who he or she
14、is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.修饰整个句子：They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research.区别：The solution to the problem of poor student behaviour lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future conseq
15、uences of spoiling their children.,翻译练习：今天，我们考虑人类心理（human psychology）和精神发展（mental development）的方式很大程度上受基因科学（genetic sciences）的影响。Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences.不可否认，通常以收集有艺术和历史价值物体自夸（boast）的博物馆在记录一个国家的历史中扮演了重要的角色。Undoub
16、tedly, the museum, which usually boasts a collection of objects of artistic and historical value, plays a vital role in recording a countrys history.那些支持义务兵役制的人持有以下理由。Those people who support compulsory military service have the following reasons.,均衡的食物摄入量、食物的多样性和积极的生活方式就是使人不会肥胖（overweight）的要素。Balan
17、ced food intake, food diversity and active lifestyle are the only things that will prevent people from getting overweight.那些回家做全职太太的妇女往往感到沮丧（depressed）、孤独和失落（frustrated）。Those women who retreat to complete domesticity tend to feel depressed, isolated and frustrated.动物园是个理想的研究中心，在那里科学家们可以在动物身上做实验，找出一
18、些疾病的原因并研制出新的疗法（cure）。The zoo is an ideal research center where scientists can conduct experiments on animals to discover the causes of some diseases and develop new cures.,许多国家大力投资旅游业的原因是因为旅游业带来大量外汇的同时又向世界展示本国璀璨的历史和文化。The reason why many countries invest heavily in tourism is that tourism can bring
19、a lot of foreign currency and showcase the brilliant culture and history to the outside world.高科技行业比较接受跳槽（Job-hopping），这个行业比其他行业变化快多了。Job-hopping is more accepted in the high-tech world, where things change more rapidly, than in other industries.机器人被使用于许多领域，这导致了下岗人员（laid-offs）的激增。Robots are employed
20、 in many fields, which leads to the sharp increase of laid-offs.,1、表时间的状语从句After/When he had finished his homework, he watched TV. Each time arrives a day for festive glee, I think all the more of friends, close to me.翻译练习自从10年前西式快餐进入中国后，我们的饮食结构（dietary structure）发生了巨大的变化。Our dietary structure has u
21、ndergone drastic changes since western fast food was introduced into china a decade ago.当仔细比较了在家工作的优点与缺点之后，最有力的结论就不言自明（self-evident）。When the pros and cons of telecommuting are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is self-evident.,2、表示地点的状语从句用where, anywhere, everywhere, wherever引导。We wi
22、ll go where we are needed. 翻译练习在空气污染严重的地方，许多人患有支气管炎（bronchitis）和哮喘（asthma）等呼吸道疾病（respiratory diseases）。Many people suffer from respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma where air pollution is serious.人们喜欢在能充分发挥他们才华的地方工作。People prefer to work where they can fully display their talents.,3、表原因
23、的状语从句because语气最强，He is beloved of all because he is honest. since比because轻，比as重，He didnt come since he was busy.as语气最弱，常用于句首，用于口语。As I am ill, I wont go.翻译练习幸福很难定义，因为它对于不同的人而言意义不同。Happiness is very difficult to define because it means so many different things to different people.政府应该给予这类家长的支持于资金资助，因
24、为这不仅只是单个家庭的问题，而且是整个社会的问题。The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society as a whole.,旅游业可能导致冲突，因为游客往往对当地语言和文化知之甚少。Tourism may give rise to conflicts because tourists usually do not know much about the local langua
25、ge and culture.远程教育另小孩觉得孤独因为他们缺乏与同伴（peers）的面对面交流（face-to-face contact）。Tele-education makes children feel isolated because they lack face-to-face contact with peers.由于学生处于成熟期，做兼职工作可能令他们接触到一些社会丑恶现象（social ills），不能辨明是非，容易误入歧途。Since students are in their formative years, part-time jobs may expose them
26、to social ills at an age when they cannot differentiate virtue from evil and easily go astray.,4、表目的的状语从句Some supplies of water must be treated so that they can be used.Grown people should never say or do anything wrong before children, lest they should set them a bad example.翻译练习应当制定更严厉的法律法规来降低青少年犯
27、罪（delinquency）率。Stringent laws and regulations should be constituted so that the rate of delinquency will be lowed.教育学生和公众使他们明白野生动植物（wild life）保护的必要性是很重要的。It is important to educate students and the public so that they will understand the necessity for wild life preservation.,5、表程度结果的状语从句Laziness tr
28、avels so slowly that poverty soon over takes him.翻译练习教育费用快速增长，不少大学生不得不通过兼职来减轻父母的经济负担（financial strain）。The cost of education is rising so rapidly that college students have to take up a part-time job to relieve their parents financial strain.英语使用得太广泛了，以至于对土著语言（aboriginal languages）构成潜在的威胁。English is
29、 used so widely that it poses potential risks to the aboriginal languages.,6、表条件的状语从句 常用if, suppose, supposing, provided (that), providing (that), on condition (that), in case (that), as long as, assuming (that), given (that), when等来引导，否定的条件副词从句常用unless（if not）引导So long as the heart is still beating
30、 and the blood hot, one should raise his head to be a real man-an upright man.Harvard will be my first choice provided that my tuition is waived. Only the time when mountain loses its peak, and river its water; when there are thunders in winter, and snow in summer; when the heaven and the earth comb
31、ines into one, could I separate with you. Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.,翻译练习如果我们希望看到一直鼓舞着在这里生活和工作的人民的传统能够延续下去的话，保护、发扬和公开支持民族艺术和文化中丰富多样的遗产（heritage）是必要的。It is imperative that our national rich and diverse heritage in the arts and culture be
32、preserved, enhanced and publicly supported if we are to see the continuation of a tradition that has inspired people living and working here.如果一个人只学实践知识，他将落后于社会。但是如果他能够掌握研究的方法，他就能够用先进的技术不断更新（refresh）自己。If one learnt nothing except practical skills, he would also fall behind the society. But if one c
33、ould master the method of research, he would be able to refresh himself continuously with advanced technology.,7、表让步的副词从句让步副词从句常用although, though, no matter + wh-词, wh-词+ever, even though, even if, now that, notwithstanding that, as, considering that, much as, while, whereas, if等引导Learn whatever it
34、may be, whenever you can, and wherever you will.Whatever it takes, for you, I will fetch the moon.He will not reveal the secret though he knows it. He would not reveal the secret even though he knew it.While forbidden fruit is said to taste sweeter, it usually spoils faster.,翻译练习尽管互联网技术被广泛运用于课堂教学，但是
35、传统教学的作用是不可替代的。Although the Internet technology has found its wide application in classroom teaching, the role of traditional teaching can not be replaced.虽然科学技术的进步给我们带来很多好处，但同时也在某种程度上对人类生活带来负面影响。Though scientific and technological advancement has brought us many benefits, it also produces negative e
36、ffects on human life to some extent.尽管研究者一直依赖动物实验的数据取得医学的进步，但是我们应该采取其他研究方法，因为在动物身上做实验很残忍、不人道（inhumane）且常常是不必要的。Although researchers have depended on animal test data to achieve medical advances, there should be other means of research because testing on animals is cruel, inhumane and often unnecessa
37、ry.,8、表比例的副词从句The higher you climb up the mountain of knowledge, the more splendid the scenery spreads before you.也可以有成反比例的比例句：The more he reads, the less he understands.主句的主语是代词不用倒装，主句主语是名词常常倒装：Knowledge is like the spring water under ground-the deeper you dig, the clearer is the water.翻译练习他们花在国际新闻上的时间越多，用在其他基础学科上的时间就越少，而基础学科才是他们学习的重点。The more time they spend on international news, the less time is available for other basic subjects, which should be their priorities.互动（interaction）越多，沟通与理解的层次越高。The more interaction, the higher level of communication and understanding.,
