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1、句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.Th
2、e young should respect the old.What he has said is true.,（名词） （代词） （数词）（不定式） （动名词） （名词化的形容词） （句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It
3、is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing,英语中
4、按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。 及物动词(vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。 如： He reached Paris . 不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能 直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要 跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。 如: Look! She is singing. Look at me carefully!,类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail
5、, succeed.,既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作“开始”讲。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close,consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay,hurt, improve.,误：deal a problem正：deal with a problem 处理问题误：depend sb.正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人误：insist doing sth.正：insist
6、 on doing sth. 坚持要做某事,易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：,误：knock the door正：knock on at the door 敲门误：operate sb.正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术误：participate sth.正：participate in sth. 参加某事误：refer sth.正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物,误：rely sb. / sth.正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖）某人 某物误：reply a letter正：reply to a letter 回信,1. No matter h
7、ow much youve learnedand how high a standard of educationyou have had, you must _ thepeople heart and soul.A. serve B. serve forC. serve to D. serve on,2. The pupil _ his right hand, obviously hoping to _ to answer the teachers question. A. rose rise B. raised rise C. rose raise D. raised raise,Show
8、 your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?,（名词 ）,( 代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.He gave
9、me some books.,间接宾语,直接宾语,please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease.,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词 keep, remain, st
10、ay 例如： He always kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。,4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词 prove,
11、turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel factory.There are 54students in our class.Do you know bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.His spoken language is good.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名
12、词),(过去分词),定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late beca
13、use he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.,I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.,I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known
14、to them.,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.,She asked me to lend her a hand.,同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them
15、 four.He told me the news that our team won the game.,名词,代词,数词,从句,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,句子成份练习,1、You should study hard.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his story.4、We elected him our monitor.5、I told him to open the window.6、We watched
16、 the train leaving the station.,状语,表语,间语+直宾,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,句子类型,句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk i
17、n class.4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!,2、按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、 并列句和复合句。1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspapers.,简单句的五种基本句型：一、主语不及物动词e.g. a. Winter comes. b. This factory opened i
18、n 1989.二、主语及物动词宾语e.g. She has bought a new house.,三、主语连系动词表语e.g. a. She looked worried. b. Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.四、主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语e.g. My father bought me a lot of books.五、主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语e.g. a. They elected him their monitor. b. We consider him very smart.,2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,
