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1、名词复数的变化规则,名词复数,名词复数变化规则:,1.一般情况直接+s;2.以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的单词,加es;,名词复数变化规则:1.一般情况直接+s;,名词复数变化规则:,3.以元音字母+y结尾的,直 接+s; 如:boy-boys以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变i再+es; 如:city-cities,名词复数变化规则:3.以元音字母+y结尾的,直 接+s;,4.以字母“O”结尾的,有生命的+es;无生命的+s;常见的单词为:tomato 西红柿 potato 土豆 hero 英雄 Negro 黑人可总结为一句话:黑人英雄在西红柿地里吃土豆。注:以oo结尾的直接+s; 均可。如:
2、zero-zeros/zeroes,名词复数变化规则:,4.以字母“O”结尾的,有生命的+es;无生命的+s;名词复,5. 以f,fe结尾的单词(1)、变f或fe为v再加-es的树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮;架后窜出一只狼,就像小偷逃命忙。【解释】在这些词中,由单数变复数时,须先将f或fe变为v再加-es变成复数,即:树叶 leaf - leaves, 半数half - halves, 妻子 wife - wives, 刀knife - knives, 架 shelf - shelves, 狼wolf - wolves, 小偷 thief thieves, 生命life-lives.,5.
3、以f,fe结尾的单词,以f,fe结尾的单词(2)、直接在词尾加-s的海湾农奴信酋长,悬崖证据藏顶房。【解释】在这些词中,由单数变复数时,直接在词尾加-s构成,即:海湾(gulf - gulfs)农奴(serf - serfs)信任(belief -beliefs)酋长(chief - chiefs)悬崖(cliff - cliffs)证据(proof - proofs)顶房(即房顶、屋顶 roof - roofs),以f,fe结尾的单词,以f,fe结尾的单词(3)、以上两种情况均可的码头侏儒围围巾,手绢复数变二心。【解释】在这些词中,由单数变复数时,以上两种情况均可,即:码头(wharf)侏儒
4、(dwarf)围巾(scarf),手绢(handkerchief)复数变二心(即以上两种情况均可。,以f,fe结尾的单词,6.不可数名词没有单复数变化;,6.不可数名词没有单复数变化;,7. 不规则变化(1)变元音 man men, woman women, foot feet, goose geese, tooth teeth, (2)变词尾 mouse mice, louse- lice ox oxen, child children (3) 不变 deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese,7. 不规则变化,8. 国人变化规则:中日不变,英法变,其他后面加S
5、JapaneseJapaneseChineseChineseEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenAmericanAmericansGerman GermansSwedish-Swedishes,8. 国人变化规则:,9:复合名词复数形式(1)中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数;bookshelfbookshelves bedroom-bedrooms(2)man和 woman构成的复合名词,二者均变为复数。man farmermen farmers woman teacherwomen teachers,9:复合名词复数形式,(3)中间有连字符的合成
6、词,在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变为复数。sister-in-lawsisters-in-law father-in-law-fathers-in-law岳父 looker-onlookers-on 旁观者passer-bypassers-byeditor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief总编,(3)中间有连字符的合成词,在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变,(4)无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 sit-insit-ins 静坐抗议 grown-upgrown-ups 成年人touch-me-nottouch-me-nots 凤仙花(含羞草)go-betweengo-between
7、s 中间人,(4)无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数,(5) 以两个名词构成的复合名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外),一般把后面的名词变复数。 如:boy friendboy friends paper bagpaper bagsroom number room numbers,(5) 以两个名词构成的复合名词(前面的名词为man或wom,1)词尾 -is 变 -es crisis crises 危机basis bases 基础analysis analyses 分析thesis theses 论文emphasis emphases 强调diagnosis diagnoses 诊断syn
8、thesis syntheses 综合;合成axis axes 轴线,1)词尾 -is 变 -es,2)词尾 -um 变 -adatum data 数据medium media 媒体bacterium bacteria 细菌vacuum vacua 真空,空间agendum agenda 议程gymnasium gymnasia 体育馆curriculum curricula 课程symposium symposia 讨论会(forum fora,-ums 论坛,会议场drum drums 鼓gum gums 口香糖sum sums 总和stadium stadia,-ums 体育场),2)词
9、尾 -um 变 -a,3)词尾 -on 变 -acriterion criteria 标准phenomenon phenomena 现象,3)词尾 -on 变 -a,4)词尾 -us 变 -i(i均发元音)nucleus nuclei 核子radius radii 半径stimulus stimuli 刺激syllabus syllabi 教学大纲terminus termini 终点focus foci,-ses 焦点genius genii,-ses 天才( bonus bonuses 奖金campus campuses 校园impetus impetuses 推动力apparatus a
10、pparatuses 设备,器官),4)词尾 -us 变 -i(i均发元音),5)词尾 -ix/ex 变 -icesindex indices 指标,指数 indexes 索引appendix appendices 附录注:complex(联合体)与complice(同伙)无关6)词尾 -a 变 -aeantenna antennae 天线,5)词尾 -ix/ex 变 -ices,习题:,orange_ class _ scarf_ monkey_ piano(钢琴)_life_,oranges,classes,texts,monkeys,pianos,lives,习题:orange_ ora
11、ngesc,rabbit _ shelf_ bed_family_toy_ radio(收音机)_,rabbits,shelves,beds,families,toys,radios,rabbit _ shelf_,hoto(相片)_ army_ fox_knife _ boy _ egg_,photos,armies,foxes,knives,boys,eggs,hoto(相片)_ army_,tree _ knife _ cat _ animal _ roof _ car _,trees,knives,cats,animals,boats,cars,tree _ treesknivesca
12、t,watch _sweater _ box _ elephant _ horse_ documentary_,watches,sweaters,boxes,elephants,horses,documentaries,watch _watchessweater,movie_ comedy_action_ zoo_ potato_ foot_,movies,comedies,actions,zoos,potatoes,feet,movie_ moviescome,bus_ dish_ map_ month_ coat_ hero(英雄)_,buses,dishes,maps,months,co
13、ats,heroes,bus_ busesdishesmaps,picture_ eye_ tooth_ belief_country_tomato_,pictures,eyes,teeth,beliefs,countries,tomatoes,picture_ pictur,fry_ leaf_classroom_Negro(黑人) _match_ fish_,fries,leaves,classrooms,Negroes,matches,fish,fry_ friesleavesc,child_brush_ glass_ tax_ factory_ city_,children,brush
14、es,glasses,taxes,factories,cities,child_childrenbrushes,ZooKangaroobamboo,Zoo,baby-babiespiano-pianosarmy-armies story-storiesradio-radiostomato-tomatoes toys,daysties handspeaches boxes leaf-leavescases,baby-babiesdays,fishes wife-wives kilo-kiloshousewife-housewives factory-factories watchesboy-boys oranges,bands blouses hero-heroes potato-potatoesbooks hatssuits bridges,fishes bands,keys knife-knives cups dresses dishes faxesthief-thieves,dogs bags buses classes shelf-shelveszoo-zoosphoto-photos,keys dogs,