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1、1,剑桥少儿英语教师上岗培训讲座,A Training Session for Pre-service Teachers of CYLE,26/11/2005,浙江大学教育学院 褚献华,2,Enjoyable and Effective,3,Outline 提纲,Children as language learners 儿童学习语言的特点Approaches & Principles 教学途径和原则Effective teaching strategies 有效的教学策略Priorities for CYLE 剑桥少儿英语的教学重点,4,学习目标 Learning Objectives,Af
2、ter this lecture, you are expected to 听了今天的讲座，希望您能State the characteristics of children learning English说出少儿学习外语的特点小学生的特点、学习过程、学习的条件Explain the key principles and strategies for teaching young learners English解释少儿英语教学的重要原则和策略以学生为中心、交际为导向、活动为基础,5,Please ask yourself：,Why do children learn English? 少儿
3、英语教学的主要目的是什么？What are their characteristics? 少儿学习外语有哪些特点？What approach is more effective?什么样的教学途径对少儿更有效?,6,7,少儿英语教学的目的,了解英语国家文化形成世界意识,初步形成英语学习策略,良好的语音基础初步的口头交际能力,学习和掌握英语语言基础知识,建立英语学习的兴趣和信心 形成积极的态度,8,少儿作为外语学习者young learners of English,Young learners: strengths and weaknesses少儿学习外语的优势和弱点Language learn
4、ing approaches for young learners少儿语言学习的途径External conditions for effective YLE少儿英语学习的外部条件,9,学习能力是与生俱来的The ability to learn is innate.,学习是在一定的社会文化情境中，通过参与活动、与他人交流而实现的意义建构过程。Learning is a process of meaning construction in a socio-cultural context by the learners involvement in the activities and com
5、munication每个学生都是积极的探究者和知识建构者 。学生原有的知识经验是新知识的生长基点 。学生需求、兴趣和自主性是有效学习的内部基础。与他人的互动和正确的引导对意义建构非常重要。,10,Children as language learners儿童作为语言学习者,11,Children,are more enthusiastic and lively are bold to have a go at an activityhave less psycho-stress on learninghave more time to learn热情积极活泼勇于参与活动心理压力较少学习时间较多
6、,12,But theyare less cognitively developed cant retain their attention longlose interest more quicklyhave less learning experience 认知水平较低注意保持较短容易丧失兴趣学习经验较少,13,少儿如何有效地学英语？How YL learn English?,通过类似母语习得的自然途径 in a natural way通过在信任接受的氛围中互动 by interacting with each other in an atmosphere of trust and acc
7、eptance通过参与多种有趣的活动by participating in a variety of interesting activities通过模仿和重复、唱歌和诵读等 by imitating and repeating, singing and chanting,14,自然的方式The natural way,Exposure to language 感受语言,Comprehension 理解意思,Imitation 模仿,Active use 活用语言,Language input语言输入,Language output语言输出,15,Notice注意,Want想学,Engage
8、参与,Link 联系,Succeed成功,少儿学习语言的过程the process of YL language learning,16,Clear objectives 的兴趣,正确的示范Correct demonstration,可理解的输入Understandable input,轻松的氛围Stress-free atmosphere,有意义的互动Meaningful interaction,积极的强化Positive reinforcement,充分的参与Adequate involvement,少儿学习英语的外部条件External Conditions for Children L
9、earning English,17,External Conditions for CYLE,Understandable input 可理解的输入Correct demonstration 正确的示范Meaningful interaction 有意义的互动Adequate involvement 充分的参与Stress-free atmosphere 轻松的氛围Positive reinforcement 积极的强化,18,儿童以一种类似自然的语言习得方式学习外语他们具备学习外语的优势和但也有劣势他们的英语技能不是老师“教给”的，而是他们在参与学习活动过程中“学会”的。他们学习外语需要有
10、利的外部条件。,重要理念 Key ideas,19,常见的问题Common problems,教师没有提供足够机会引起学生的注意教学目标与学生的需要不一致学生不愿努力尝试词句太难；不知如何做；没趣味活动机会不够难以记忆和运用经历过多的失败失去信心不能有效地建立联系不能活用操练太狭窄；内容难于内化；或缺乏挑战性 如何改进？,20,Implications for Teachers对教师的启示,21,The teacher should ,be aware that language acquisition is a natural process 认识语言习得是个自然的过程Speech firs
11、t 口语领先Step by step 循序渐进,22,2. adopt methods compatible with the childrens developmental stage 教学法方法适应儿童发展阶段Active, hands-on动手活动Multi-dimensional learning,23,3. Make the learning relevant to childrens interests and perspective 学习结合儿童的兴趣和认识 Concrete vocabulary具体的词汇Here-and-now content身边的内容Start where
12、children are,24,4. The teacher should provide understandable language and necessary support 5. The teacher should provide many opportunities for language interaction,25,6. The teacher should support pupils motivation and self-esteem while diminishing their anxiety,26,7. The teacher should value the
13、role of the classroom environment in supporting learning,27,Behavioral approach行为主义途径,Focus: the reinforcement of behavior through repetition and rewardsTeacher controls learners behavior and learning processTeacher has a clear lesson planEnglish patterns are repeated through drills and choral repet
14、itionSuccess is reinforced by praise and rewards,28,Input approach 语言输入途径,Focus: the input of language from the teacher, tapes, reading materialLearners are exposed to English understandable or just beyond their present level Learners are not expected to produce language until they feel readyTeacher
15、 introduce new words and patterns through physical demonstrationLearners are encouraged to be physically active,29,Humanistic approach人本主义途径,Focus: the importance of the inner thoughts and feelings of each learnerDevelopment of inter-personal skills is encouragedFocus is on the learning processEach
16、child is allowed to make choice and paceLearners are emotionally immersed in the lessonMotivation comes from inside, not external rewardChildren are ensured to feel least anxietyTeacher is a “facilitator” and encourage children learn naturally,30,Constructivist approach建构主义途径,Focus: child as an indi
17、vidual trying to make sense to the worldEach child is an active explorerA child tends to move in directions that have personal meaningA child has the potential to reach beyond the present level, but needs to interact with adults and peers having more knowledgeA child learns language in the attempt t
18、o communicate,31,Three Important Principles,Child-Centered perspective 以儿童为中心的教育理念 Speech-Oriented approach 以口语为导向教学途径 Activity-Based interaction 以活动为基础的互动模式,32,Child-Centered,Young learners characteristics, needs and interest 少儿的特点、需要和兴趣 Learner-centered instruction in以学习者为中心的教学体现在 designing a less
19、on（备课） teaching a lesson （上课） assigning homework（作业） assessing learning（评价）,33,Speech-Oriented,Teaching in English 用英语教学 Understandable input 可理解输入 Scaffolding 提供“脚手架”支持 Authentic language 真实的语言 Meaningful communication 有意义交流 Realia-supported interaction 教具辅助的互动 Speech-based skill development 口语为基础的
20、技能发展,34,Activity-Based,Activating learning 激发学生积极性 Stimulating interest 刺激兴趣 Multiple Intelligence strategies 多元智能策略 Engaging all learners 促进全体参与 Group learning 小组集体活动 Peer tutorial 同伴互助 Integrating skills 整合技能 Recurrent practice 循环实践 Multi-skilled communication 多技能的交流,35,Language Learning Activitie
21、s,Listening Listen and repeat 听听读读Listen and guess 听听猜猜Listen and act (match/find/draw, etc) 听听做做SpeakingDraw and ask questions 画图提问Whisper a sentence 轻声传话Pairs finding 寻找对子Speaking chain 连环说话Story telling 讲故事Guessing games猜谜游戏Interview/survey采访调查,36,ReadingPhonics 认读方法Read and colour 阅读图色Read and m
22、atch 阅读配对 Read and draw 阅读画图Word games 单词游戏Writing Spelling bee 拼词比赛Enriched dictation 多种听写Describing the picture 描述图片Journal writing 记日记,37,Priorities for CYLE,Positive attitude toward learning English 学习英语的积极态度Correct pronunciation and intonation 正确的语音语调Basic skills of English 最基础的英语听说读写技能 Topics,
23、 structures, words as listed in the syllabuses 大纲中所列话题、结构和词汇,38,A few more words,We should have a strong belief that Every child will become a successful L2 learner 每个孩子都会是个成功的第二语言学习者Every child needs our hand to hold 每个孩子都需要我们的扶持,39,Make sure to tell every child: You + Me = Specialand yourself: Pro
24、gress = learning + practice + reflection,40,Time for Questions,41,Thank you for your attention.Good luck in your teaching.,从此网站下载：http:/,42,The natural way,Exposure to language 感受语言,Comprehension 理解意思,Imitation 模仿,Active use 活用语言,Language input语言输入,Language output语言输出,43,感知运动阶段,前运算阶段,具体运算阶段,逻辑运算阶段,4
25、4,Multiple Intelligences 多元智能,Linguistic intelligence (“word smart”) (语言文字智能)Logical-mathematical intelligence (“logic/math smart) (逻辑-数学智能)Spatial intelligence (“picture smart”) (视觉空间智能)Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence (“body smart”) (身体运动智能) Musical intelligence (“music smart”) (音乐旋律智能)Interpersona
26、l intelligence (people smart) (人际关系智能)Intrapersonal intelligence (self smart) (自我认识智能)Naturalist intelligence (“nature smart”) (自然观察者智能),45,The Eight Intelligences,46,Scaffolding 提供“脚手架”,Getting children interested in the task 激发儿童们对任务的兴趣Simplifying the task; breaking it down into smaller steps 简化任务
27、、化整为零Keeping children on task; reminding them of goals 保持儿童们参与，提示学习目标Pointing out what is important 指出重点Preventing/managing frustration 预防/化解挫折,47,Choose what to say: Situations,You meet a friendYou want to ask your teacher somethingYou see your teacherYour friend looks sadSomeone gives you an ice c
28、reamYou like the film very muchYou have to go homeIts your friends birthdayYou want to play tennis with your friendYou cant hear somethingYour mum wants to take you shopping,48,Questions for Starters (A),1. Whats your name? Whats your friends name?2. How do you spell your name? 3. How old are you? H
29、ow old is the monkey?4. Whats this? What are these?5. Which is your ruler? 6.Whats in your schoolbag?7.What colour is your bag?8. What colour do you like? Do you like purple?9. Whos that boy? 10. Have you got a bike?,49,11.Has the cat got any fish? What has it got?12.How many children are there in t
30、he picture?13.Whats your favourite fruit?14.What do you want? Do you want a burger or an ice cream?15.Whose bag is this? Is it Peters?16.Where is your English book?17.What have you got for breakfast? Whats for lunch?18.How do you go to school? Do you go to school by bus?19.What do cats like to eat?2
31、0. What do you do every day?,50,Questions for Starters (B),1.How are you? 2. What animals do you like? Do you like dogs?3. Where is the cat? Is it under the chair?4. Whats Sue doing now? 5. What are the boys doing in the garden?6. Whats Bob plying with? 7. Who do you often play with?8. Can I have so
32、me juice?9. Where do you have meals?10.Whats in your bedroom?,51,11.What do you do at school?12. What does Sally do every day?13. Whats your phone number?14. What does Lily like doing?15. Can you jump like a kangaroo?16. Whats your hobby? Do you like fishing?17.How many apples do you want?18.Where d
33、oes Tom often play badminton?19. Which is Mary, the girl in green or in red?20. Where do you live? Where does a fish live?,52,Questions for Movers (A),1.What day is today？2. Whats the weather like today?3. Where are you going?4. Whose toy car is this? Is it yours?5. Do you often play football?6. Wha
34、t does Peter do every day?7. Are you hungry? What do you want to have?8. Which is bigger, the sun or the moon? 9. Why does the earth look bigger than the sun?10. Whos the tallest in your class?,53,11. How many days are there in a week？12. What do you usually do on Sunday? 13. What did you do last Su
35、nday？14. Where were your friends yesterday?15. What did your friends want to do?Movers (B)16. What are you going to do?17. Whos your best friend?18. Which floor do you live on?19. Shall I wash my socks?20. Would you like some apples?,54,21. What do you like doing best? 22. How did Jack go to his gra
36、ndfathers house?23. How much is the ice cream?24. How often do you go to the cinema?25. Can I help you? May I come in?26. Whats wrong with you? Whats the matter with you?27. What do you do if you have a cold?28. What must you do before you get on a train?29. What does Kevins father do?30.Where does
37、he work? What does he have to do on weekdays?,55,31.What did you see when you came into the room?32. How much water do you need?33. What kind of food would you like to eat?34. When does the train leave?35. Where can I take the bus?36. How often does your mother go shopping?37. What do you paint the
38、house with?38. How did he go upstairs?39. What is your friend like?40.Why is the girl happy?,56,Questions for Flyers,1.What was the weather like yesterday?2.Whats your favourite season? What happens in summer?3.When did Bob get up yesterday?4.How long did it take Bobby to clean the room?5.Why werent
39、 you at school yesterday?6.What will you do if it snows tomorrow?7.What language do people speak in Japan?8.How long have you learned English?9. How many times have you been to the Childrens Park?10. How long has your uncle been a doctor?,57,11. How far is it from your home to our school?12. What do
40、es your teacher want you to do?13. What can /cant you do in the library?14. When is Childrens Day? 15. What can I do for you?16. Where shall we go for the picnic tomorrow？17. What will you do when you leave school?18. How many stamps have you collected?19. What were you doing this time yesterday?20.
41、 What do people do during the Spring Festival?,58,21.What are the differences between a frog and a fish?22. How well can your friend speak English?23. What does a dolphin look like?24. How tall are you?25. What colour clothes do you like to wear?26. On what days of the week are you very busy?27. Why
42、 do most children like summer best?28. What is your fathers sister called?29. What is this desk made of?30. Which do you prefer, coffee or milk?,59,31.When and where were you born?32. What did Sarah say to you just now?33.What present did you give Tom for his birthday?34.When did you start playing football?35.When will the new film be shown?36.Why didnt you go to bed early last night?37.What will you say if you want to ask someone for help?38.Excuse me, how can I get to the cinema?39. What is the opposite of the word happy?40.Whats the machine that can carry people in the sky?,
