《华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件.ppt（59页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Session 1 Culture, Communication,Intercultural Communication,Session 1 Culture, Communic,Importance of Intercultural Communication,Why did you choose this course?Chances for IC are caused by globalizationSpurring development of transportation and communication systems (shortened touring time, televi
2、sion networks, the internet, international film industry)Cultural migration between nations (multiculturalism)New economic arena (multinational corporations)Ever-increasing world population (finite natural resources, pollution, international conflicts),Importance of Intercultural Co,Warming up,Make
3、a list of images from your home culture and try to explain what they express about who the people of your culture are and what their relationship is to people from other cultures.Which image do you prefer? Which do you think are the images that most truly express how people feel about themselves and
4、 the world?,Warming upMake a list of image,华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件,华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件,茶文化,茶,酒文化,酒文化,儒家文化,儒家文化,华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件,华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件,旗袍,旗袍,华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件,华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件,华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件,华科大英语双学位跨文化交际lecture1课件,Learning objectives :,1. Culture,2.
5、 Communication,3. Intercultural Communication,Learning objectives :1. Cultur,Lecture Outline,definition,Intercultural communication,culture,characteristics,communication,functions,definition,elements,mode,characteristics,definition,forms,elements,right attitudes,Lecture OutlinedefinitionInter,1. Wha
6、t is culture?,More deeply: what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following them,On the surface: customs and behavior,In a word: Culture is all about meaningsHall: Culture is everything and everywhere,1. What is culture?More deeply,Sir Edward Tylors definition in 1871 (first use of
7、 this term): “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”,Sir Edward Tylors definition,Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952) - Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (listing more
8、than 300 definitions),Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e. historica
9、lly derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other as conditioning elements of further action.,Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952),Porter & Samovar The deposit（沉淀物） of knowledge, experience, beliefs,
10、values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. -Intercultural Communication: A Reader,Porte
11、r & Samovar,文化的内容“是文学、美术、音乐、哲学、科学这一类的事。” 陈独秀“文化是生活的样法。” “文化，就是吾人生活所依靠的一切。” 梁漱溟“人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质和精神财富的总和，特指精神财富，如文学、艺术、教育、科学等。” 现代汉语词典,文化的内容“是文学、美术、音乐、哲学、科学这一类的事。”,Artifacts,Values,Behavior,Summary:,What we see comes from,ArtifactsValuesBehaviorSummary,Basic functions of culture,Culture makes all t
12、hings easy. - by providing meaning to events, objects and people - making life less confusing - by providing us with structure - the skills and rules necessary to adapt to our world,Basic functions of cultureCult,1 Physiological needs,2 Safety,3 Belongingness,4 Esteem,5 Self-actualization,A culture
13、can also be understood as a particular way to satisfy our human needs.Lets follow Abraham Maslow!,1 Physiological needs 2 Safety,ADAPTIVE,LEARNED,transmitted,INTEGRATED,symbolic,CULTURE IS,The Characteristics of Culture,unconscious,Subject to change,ADAPTIVELEARNEDtransmittedINTE,1) Culture is learn
14、ed consciously or unconsciously: (enculturation)*through Proverbs, Folktales, Myths, and legends *through Art e.g. Beijing Opera*through Mass Media,1) Culture is learned,Behaviour Traditions Artefacts buildings, clothes, art etc.,Beliefs Attitudes Perceptions Values,way of doing things(10%),way of t
15、hinking(90%),2) Most part of culture is unconscious Culture as an iceberg,explicit,tacit,Behaviour B,Can you tell which of the following are above the water and which are below?,What people eatWhat people wearWhat games children playHow to use timeHow to introduce peopleHow to participate in ceremon
16、iesRules for gesturesRules for facial expressions and eye contactEtiquette Work speedWhat is right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, good or bad, etc.Car parking,Can you tell which of the foll,Case Study Richard, an engineer from the United States, was invited to take tea with one of his
17、British colleagues while he was in England. This was a purely social, relaxed occasion. Tea was served along with sugar and cream. As he helped himself to some sugar and cream, he sensed he had done something wrong. Can you tell what went wrong?,“Help yourself” VS. “Be my guest”,Case Study“Help your
18、self”,Oct. 5, 2005 21st CenturyChanging Tastes“This July China Daily reported severe obesity affects 16 to 20 per cent Chinas young urbanites.”“A major study released by Centre for Public Nutrition and Development last September found as income increases, energy intake increases. But a high percenta
19、ge of that extra energy comes from fat. And grains and potatoes were eaten less.”,3) Culture is subject to change,Oct. 5, 2005 21st CenturyCha,4) Culture is transmitted from generation to generation,4) Culture is transmitted from,5) Culture is based on symbols,5) Culture is based on symbols,6) Cultu
20、re is integrated,6) Culture is integrated,7) Culture is adaptive (acculturation),7) Culture is adaptive (a,Linell Davis: five metaphors(to be more easily understood),Culture is like an iceberg some is visible (history, literature, customs) most is invisible (feelings and attitudes)Culture is our sof
21、tware physical selves as the hardware, become human when programmed with the software of cultureCulture is like the water a fish swims in notice everything except the waterCulture is the story we tell ourselves about ourselves people tell stories to tell who they are and stories also change to adapt
22、 to changing circumstancesCulture is the grammar of our behavior people learn their cultural grammar unconsciously and apply them automatically in order to behave appropriately in any society,Linell Davis: five metaphors(,Mainstream culture, co-culture or subculture?,When we talk about culture, we m
23、ainly refer to mainstream culture.Co-culture Vs subculture,Mainstream culture, co-culture,2. What is Communication?,It comes from the Latin word “communicare”, it means to give or to exchange. Now, the most common meaning of “communication” is to give or exchange information or ideas.Communication i
24、s our ability to share our ideas and feelings. (the basis of all human contact)Communication is a dynamic, systematic process in which meanings are created and reflected in human interaction with symbols. (J.T.Wood),2. What is Communication?It co,Elements of communication,ContextParticipantsMessages
25、 (meanings, symbols, encoding and decoding)Channels Noise (external noise, internal noise, semantic noise)feedback,Elements of communicationConte,Linear Model of Communication,Sender,Receiver,Channel (message),encoding,decoding,noise,Is this an effective model of communication?,Mode of Communication
26、,Linear Model of CommunicationS,Interactive Model of Communication,SenderReceiver,SenderReceiver,encoding,decoding,noise,Feedback is essential to good communication,decoding,encoding,message / channel,message / channel,Interactive Model of Communica,Transactional Model of Communication,SenderReceive
27、r,SenderReceiver,encoding,decoding,noise,We continually influence each other through communication,decoding,encoding,message / channel,message / channel,Fields of Experience,Relationship Dimensions,Transactional Model of Communi,Characteristics of communication,1) Communication is dynamic,Communicat
28、ion is an ongoing activity. It is not fixed. A word or action does not stay frozen when you communicate; it is immediately replaced with yet another word or action.,Characteristics of communicati,Characteristics of communication,2) Communication is interactiveA interactive view holds that communicat
29、ors are simultaneously sending and receiving messages at every instant that they are involved in conversations.,Characteristics of communicati,Characteristics of communication,3) Communication is irreversible,Communication is an irreversible process. We can never undo what has already been done. Alt
30、hough we may try to qualify, negate, or somehow reduce the effects of our message, once it has been sent and received, the message itself cannot be reversed.,Characteristics of communicati,Characteristics of communication,4) Communication is contextual.,All communication takes place within a setting
31、 or situation called a context. By context, we mean the place where people meet, the social purpose for being together, and the nature of the relationship. Thus the context includes the physical, social, and interpersonal settings.,Characteristics of communicati,6. Intercultural Communication,Samova
32、r & Porter Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities.,6. Intercultural Communi
33、cation,Intercultural Communication Vs Cross-cultural Communication,Cross-cultural communication the similarities and differences in value orientations, affective dispositions, relationship management, communicative styles (psychological process)Intercultural communication the penetration by a member
34、 of one culture into another culture (practical significance),Intercultural Communication V,International communicationInterracial communicationInterethnic communicationIntracultural communication,Forms of Intercultural Communication,International communicationFor,a. International communication,Inte
35、rnational communication takes place between nations and governments rather than individuals; it is quite formal and ritualized(仪式化) .,United Nations Conference,a. International communication,b. Interracial communication,Interracial communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging mes
36、sages are from different races.,b. Interracial communicatio,c. Interethnic communication,Ethnic groups usually form their own communities in a country or culture. These groups share a common origin or heritage that is apt to influence family names, language, religion, values, and the like.,c. Intere
37、thnic communicatio,d. Intracultural communication,It is defined as communication between or among members of the same culture.,d. Intracultural communicat,Discussion:Discuss the following cases of communication and decide to what extent they are intercultural.,Communication betweenA Chinese and an A
38、merican,A Canadian and a South African,A male and a femaleA father and a sonA person from Beijing and one from Tibet,A first-generation Chinese American and a third-generation one,A student form Hong Kong and a teacher from XianA software technician and a farmer, etc,Discussion:Discuss the follow,任何
39、人与人之间的交际都应该被视为跨文化交际。 SingerSamovar & Porter:西方人亚洲人 最大分歧意大利人沙特阿拉伯人美国人希腊人美国人德国人美国人操法语加拿大人盎格鲁撒克逊血统的美国白人拘留地的印第安人盎格鲁撒克逊血统的美国白人美国黑人美国人英国人美国人操英语加拿大人美国城市居民美国乡村居民天主教徒浸礼教徒主张男性权力者主张男女平等者异性恋者同性恋者环境保护者房地产开发商 最小分歧,任何人与人之间的交际都应该被视为跨文化交际。,What we focus on in this course is communication between cultures beyond coun
40、try boundaries.,What we focus on in this cours,7.Elements of Intercultural Communication,Perceptions (beliefs, values, attitudes, world views, social organizations)Verbal processes (the ways in which cultures employ symbols to portray things and experiences)Nonverbal processes (share thoughts and fe
41、elings by way of bodily behavior, time and space)Contextual elements (business, education and health care, tourism and personal relationships),7.Elements of Intercultural Co,What was wrong?,Case Study While visiting Egypt, Richard, an engineer from the United States, was invited to a spectacular din
42、ner at the home of an Egyptian friend. As he was leaving their home, making effort to thank them for their dinner, he noticed their picture and made a compliment by saying “What beautiful frames your pictures are in!” However he sensed something wrong. His sincere compliment was obviously misunderst
43、ood.,What was wrong?Case Study,What is the correct attitude?,The communicator cannot stop at knowing that the people he is working with have different customs, goals, and thought patterns from his own. He must be able to work with them and within them, neither losing his own values in the confrontation nor protecting himself behind a wall of intellectual detachment. (Adapted from L.M.Barna, “Stumbling Blocks in Intercultural Communication”, 1992),What is the correct attitude?T,
