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1、名词性从句,Practice time.单句改错,1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that you will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?6.You can begin to see why does English have such stran
2、ge rules.,_ is,_ hasnt,_would,_was,_ he will,_ English has,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),你能告诉我他住在
3、什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( ),F,T,T,F,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序陈述语序,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,1.that 和what 的选用,that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that / what,1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go t
4、here is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.9._ has made China_ it is now.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,wha
5、t,what,what,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代：1.whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置)不用if，如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure.2. 引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如： The question whether hell at
6、tend the meeting is important.4.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money.,2.whether与if的辨用,7. 用if会引起歧义时。 Please let me know if you like it.该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。,5. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则
7、不能，如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not.6.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if I dont know whether it is right or not.,引导动词之后的宾语从句可用if 或者whether,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends
8、 on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go. 9._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go with
9、out you.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,whether,whether,If,3.其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yes
10、terday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。,ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.TheproblemisthatwedonthaveenoughmoneySheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.,1.)
11、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。,4. that不能省略的情况,2).It 做形式宾语的宾语从句：,I dont think it necessary that you should read English loudly.,3).并列宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.4).当that宾语从句中状语部分位与从句前部时，Tell him that if he comes tomorrow,please call m
12、e.5).当that 前有插入语时Tom didnt know,Im sure,that his sister was going to Japan.,6).当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.,that/ (that),1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won th
13、e match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,6.whatever/whoever 的功用：Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。Whatever=an
14、ything that; whoever=anyone who,1. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished.,Anyone who,2. They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do.,anything that,疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoeverbreakstherulemus
15、tbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.,No matter+疑问词可换成疑问词+ever,二。宾语从句的时态呼应,1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根
16、据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me _ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _. 老师告诉我们光是
17、沿直线运行的。 The teacher tell us _,he was preparing for the examination,He had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用 whether, what
18、, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。,1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.,that/ whether / where/ how,where,how,that,t
19、hat,whether,4）同位语从句和定语从句的区别,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,1.
20、The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,同位语从句/定语从句,定,同,同,定,四。It 的用法： （形式主语） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that.据说/据报道 It
21、s been announced/declared that.已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显、 碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying.（俗话说）,It 做形式主语：(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat. (C)Itissaid/reported/believ
22、ed/known/thought/suggestedthat(D)Itseems/happensthat。IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup,名词性从句中的虚拟语气（1）,It is important/necessary/natural/strange that.+(should)+vIt is a pity/a shame/suggested/insisted/ordered.在suggestion,proposal,plan,idea,order,decision的表语从句中 (sho
23、uld)+v宾语从句中的虚拟：Wish that.表示坚持，建议，命令，要求的从句,名词性从句中的虚拟语气（2）,It is time that Would rather,几个固定句式： 强调句 It is/was +强调部分that.(如果强调部分是疑问词)Who is it that spoke first?When was it that they came here? 关于doubt sb. doubt if/whether. sb. dont/doesnt that . There is no doubt that .There is no doubt that he will wi
24、n the game. 疑问词do you think+(用陈述句语序)Who do you think we invited to give us the talk?,Practice time,1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B
25、. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when,7.The question is _ it is w
26、orth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot
27、of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who,13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A.
28、that B. which C. what D. whether14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where,Thank you,名词d
29、emand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should + do, should 可省略,1.He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.,2.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.,The end,5、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1. He has done what he can to help me. -He has done _
30、_ he can to help me.What I want to say has nothing to do with it. -_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it.,all that,All that,3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished.4. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most. He will give the dictionary to _
31、 _ needs it most. 5. Well remember whomever we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.6. They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do. 7. Ill read whichever book you give me.Ill read _ of the books _ you give me.,Anyone who,anyone who,Anyone (who
32、m),anything that,any,that,名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致、语序,主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.,名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.Weveheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.,
