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1、第十章 英语从句的翻译 Translation of clauses,一、定语从句的翻译 英语中定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。两者之间的区别在于限制意义是强还是弱，前者的限制意义很强，后者的限制意义很弱。定语从句在商务英语中应用较广泛。一般有三种翻译方法：合并法、分译法和混合法。,1合并法(1)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。,(2) Party B guarantees that the technical documents to be supplied by Part
2、y B are the latest technical information which has been put into practical used by Party B. 乙方保证所提供的技术资料是乙方经过实际 使用的最新技术资料。,2、分译法(1)A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出热量。,3 混合法-保持原文的语序(1)We used a plane of which almost every part car
3、ried some identification of national identity. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某 些标志。(2)Fortunately, there are some chemical fuel that are clean and smokeless. 幸好有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。(3)There was another man who seemed to have answers, and that was Robert MeNamara. 另外一个人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麦克纳马拉。,定语从句状语化,The manager was giving a
4、dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.经理只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。 （表原因）,The two countries established formal diplomatic relation, which paved the way for the further communication.两国正式建立了外交关系，从而为双方进一步的交流铺平了道路。（表结果）,A new product which has beautiful packing,
5、 good quality and advertising may very likely be a hit in market.一种新产品，只要包装精美，质量过硬，宣传得力，就能在市场中热销。 (表条件或假设）,10.2 同位语从句的翻译,同位语从句的翻译1保持原文的语序（文中第1句） （1）He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示期望能再来中国访问。 （2）We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们
6、不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。,2加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译（文中第2,3句） （1） But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。,（2） We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准.,（3）
7、 Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现可以把这种废物变成塑料。,三、状语从句的翻译英语状语和状语从句的功能可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步和目的等。（1） He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it.他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。（2） Make a mark where you ha
8、ve any doubts or questions.在有疑问的地方做个记号,（3）The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干燥，作物欠收。（4） Granted this is true, what conclusion can you draw?假设这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢。（5）While this is true of some, it is not true of all.虽然有一部分是真的，但不见得都是真的。,While the sales volume of a taxpayer does not reach t
9、he minimum standard value-added tax starting point, value-added tax shall be exempted.如果纳税人的销售额未达到所规定的最低增值税征收点，增值税应予以免除。,（6）We should start early so that we might get there before noon. 我们应当早点动身，这样就能在正午之前赶到那里。 但在商务英语中，特别是在国际商务合同中，商务合同是合同各方就相互权利义务达成一致意见而订立的书面文件。这种书面文件主要约定双方应享有的权利和应履行的义务，但这种权利的行使和义务的履
10、行，均附有各种条件。当条件成熟时，当事人的权利才能实现，或义务方可履行。请看下列例句,1状语 (1) in case of e.g. In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 若发生质量索赔，买方的索赔必须在货物到达目的港的30天内提出。 (2) in the event ofe.g. In the event of graft or serious der
11、eliction of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at will. 若总经理和/或副总经理有营私舞弊或严重失职时，董事会有权随时将其撤换。,(3) in consideration of 考虑到； 鉴于； 由于e.g. In consideration of the Licenses and technical assistance provided here
12、in, the Joint Venture Company shall pay Party A technical assistance fees in USD. 考虑到许可以及在此提供的技术援助，合资 公司将以美圆的方式支付甲方技术援助费。(4) subject to 在条件下；根据.规定； 在.规定的范围内；以为有效。e.g. Subject to the terms to this Agreement, the Producer agrees to be bound by the terms to the following markrting agreement. 在本协议的条件下，制
13、造商同意接受下列销售协议各项条款的约束。,2状语从句（1）If the Force Majeure event lasts over 60 days, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract or the undelivered part of the Contract. 若不可抗力事件持续60天以上，买方有权撤消本合同或合同中未完成的部分。,（2）In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted
14、 to Arbitration Tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the Arbitration Rules and Procedure of the said Tribunal. 如通过协商仍不能达成协议时，应提交斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院，根据该院的仲裁规则和程序进行仲裁。,（3）In the event that deficiencies in the Equipment become evident, such deficiencies shall be corrected by ABC duri
15、ng the two days per week during which the Purchaser will not be testing.若发现设备有缺陷，应由ABC用每周买方不进行试验的这两天时间对设备予以校正,（4）Should any of the stipulations to the Contract be altered, amended, supplemented or deleted, the same shall be negotiated between and agreed upon by both parties and written documents sha
16、ll be signed by the representatives of both parties. 本合同条款的任何变更、修改或增删，须经双方协商同意，并由双方代表签署书面文件为有效。,（5）Neither party shall have the right to represent the other party unless otherwise arranged. 除另有安排者外，任何一方无权代 表 另一方。（unless从句中的主语 和动词be常省去。）（6）We can sell a lot of garments provided that your price is hig
17、hly competitive.如果你方价格很有竞争性，我方就可大量出售。,四、练习1. “Net Selling Price” means the price at which the product is sold by Party B from time to time after deduction of packing, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, commission, insurance and commodity tax, if any, directly applicable o
18、f product.2.The Sellers shall not be responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has occurred during the manufacturing process or in the course of loading or in transit.,3. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes
19、, can see clearly in the night.4. When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or part of his investment, the other party has preemptive right.5. In case the Buyer finds any document incorrect, the buyer is obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sen
20、t within 20 days after the Bank of China , Beijing Branch has received the Sellers documents.,1. “Net Selling Price” means the price at which the product is sold by Party B from time to time after deduction of packing, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, commission, insura
21、nce and commodity tax, if any, directly applicable of product.“净销售价”,是指在扣除合同产品的包装费、安装费、运输费、商业和数量折扣、佣金、保险费和商品税之后，乙方通过销售合同产品的价格。,2.The Sellers shall not be responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has occurred during the manufacturing process or in the
22、 course of loading or in transit. 因为在生产、装运或运输过程中发生的不可抗力事件，卖方对迟交或未交货不负责任。(定语从句转译成状语)3. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。,4. When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or
23、part of his investment, the other party has preemptive right.如果合资公司一方拟转让其全部或部分出资额，另一方有优先购买权。5. In case the Buyer finds any document incorrect, the buyer is obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sent within 20 days after the Bank of China , Beijing Branch has
24、received the Sellers documents. 买方如发现文件有错误时，应在中国银行北京市分行收到卖方文件之日起20天内电告卖方，并指出错误项目。,第十一章 英语被动语态 的翻译,被动语态是英语中动词的一种变化形式，表示句子的谓语和其主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。被动句的主语实际上是谓语动作的承受者。一般来说，英语被动句的翻译可以有以下四种方法。一、被动句译成汉语的主动句（文中第2句）1. During the World Cup the streets were filled with football fans. 世界杯比赛期间，街上挤满了球迷（此句按顺 序译成汉语主动句）
25、,2. Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry. 现代工业耗用大量的燃料。（动作发出者译成主语）3. The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. 中国在四千年前发明了指南针。（把原文的某一部分译成主语）状主4. If you are asked personal questions you need not answer them. 如果有人向你提出私事的问题，你尽可不答。 （增加逻辑主语）（文中第6,7句）,二、被动句译成汉语的判断句（文中第9句） 汉语
26、中常用“是的”这一句式 来说明人和事物的客观情况。1. Everything in the world is built up from atoms. 世间万物都是由原子构成的。2.The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine. 那部科幻小说是我的一个朋友译成中文 的。,三、被动句译成汉语的被动句（文中第1句） 此时，原文句子的主语一般仍译做主语， 在谓语动词前加“被、受、由、让等字 来表示被动意义。”1.Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewa
27、rded. 立功的人将受到奖励。2.The design will be examined by a special committee. 这项设计将由一个专门委员会予以审查。,3. Two-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and birch. 面积的三分之二由广阔的松林、云衫和白桦 林所覆盖。 将被动句译成汉语的无主句（文中第8句以及 第九章） 汉语句子有的可以不带主语,因此,当无需说出行为主体时,可以将英语的被动句译成汉语的无主语句.一班来说,英语中不带by短语并含情态动词的被动句都可以
28、采用这种译法。翻译时，将原句的主语译成宾语，放在动词后面，也可以加“把、将、对”等词将宾语放在动词之前。,1) All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works at a theory. 在制定理论前，应该把有的所有数据资 料都认真地搜索和研究。2) Smoking is not allowed in this theatre. 本剧场内禁止吸烟。3) More apartment houses will be built here. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼,四、练习1. Thi
29、s Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, Whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.买卖双方同意按下列条款购买、出售下述商品，并签订本合同。(动作发出者主语)2.The cost of the non-returnable containers of the goods sol
30、d under this Contract is included in the prices herein specified.所定价格包括依照本合同所售装货用的一次性容器费。（把原文的某一部分译成主语）状主）,3.If a foreign auditor registered in other country is necessary to be employed to undertake annual financial checking and examination, Party A shall give its consent. All the expenses thereof shall be borne by Party B.如果需要聘请其他国家的审计师对年度的财务进行审查，甲方应予以同意。其所需费用乙方负担。（主语宾语）4. Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world .我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。(被动句被动句),
