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1、宾语从句,九年级英语语法讲解,仪陇县立山初级中学校 邓开刚,（一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）,句子的种类,2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：a.一般疑问句（General Questions）：Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完
2、成工作吗？b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）：Where do you live?你住那儿？How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：Do you want tea or coffee?你要茶还是要咖啡？d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：He doesnt know her, does he?他不认识她，对不对？,3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：Sit down, please.请坐。Dont be nervou
3、s!别紧张！4） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：What good news it is!多好的消息啊！,（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1） 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句，例如：She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。(主) (谓)2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：The food was good, but he had littl
4、e appetite.(主) (谓) (主)(谓)食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。,3） 复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.主句 从句我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语,简单句,复合句,什么是宾语从句？,试比较,一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由th
5、at引导的宾语从句。如：We knew（that）we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？,二、三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether
6、；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。,1. He said, “You can do better.”2. Mr. Green asked me, “Do you understand me?”3. He asked the girl, “How much does the white bike cost?”,He said,that,I could do better.,Mr. Green asked me,if / whether,I understood him.,He asked the girl,how much,the white bike cost.
7、,2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder. I wonder if / whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.,3. 时态关如果主句是现在时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I h
8、ave heard（that）he will come back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.,注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound. My history teacher told us (that) Taiwan is part of China.,三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的
9、主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。 如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.,2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk？I dont kno
10、w. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？,三、两副面孔 if和when既能引导状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow, I wont come. （如果） （条件状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （是否） （宾语从句）,When he comes, I will tell him about
11、it. （当的时候） （时间状语从句）I dont know when he will come. （什么时候，何时） （宾语从句）,1. I to see a film if I free tomorrow. A. go, am B. will go, will be C. go, will be D. will go, am2. Do you know when ? A. will the meeting begin B. the meeting will begin C. does the meeting begin D. the meeting begins3. I dont know
12、 if he here tomorrow. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came4. I you when I there. A. will call, will get B. call, get C. call, will get D. will call, get,火眼金睛,D,B,C,D,四、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the grou
13、nd. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.,2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my math. She agreed to help me with my math.,3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I can g
14、et to the station？ Can you tell me how to get to the station？,补充：宾语从句就是一个句子在复合句中作动词或介词的宾语，其结构为“主语+谓语动词+引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。 主句 宾语从句 焦点一：宾语从句的引导词 1. 宾语从句具有陈述意义时用that引导。that无具体意思，不作任何成分，因此在口语或非正式文体中常常被省略。如： She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk. 她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上。, 从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；主从句之间有插入
15、语时，that不能省略；若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省去，其余保留。如：,It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着，它过去是演戏用的。 He thought that that was a washing machine. 他认为那是一台洗衣机。 My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑说她要来，还要带她的女儿来。,2. 当宾语从句由一般
16、疑问句变化而来时，用if或whether来引导从句，意为“是否”。如： Alice wanted to know if / whether her grandmother liked the bag. 艾丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。,在下列几种情况下，只能用whether, 不能用if: 当or not 紧随连词之后时。如： I dont know whether or not he will come on time. 我不知道他能否按时来。 从句用作介词宾语时。如： I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。
17、在带to的动词不定式前。如： She doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。 当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如： Whether this is true or not, Im not sure. 这是否真实，我不敢肯定。,3. 宾语从句具有特殊疑问含义时用连接代（副）词引导，它们在宾语从句中充当一定成分，因此不能省略。如： Did you hear what he said? 你听见他说的话了吗？（作宾语） I dont know whose that is. 我不知道那
18、是谁的。（作表语） Could you tell me how I get to the post office? 你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗？（作状语）,焦点二：宾语从句的语序 无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句，也无论主从句间是什么引导词，宾语从句一律用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。如： Could you tell me? / Where does Wei Fang live? Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives? 当疑问代词who, what等在从句中作主语时，语序本来就是陈述语序，故语序不再变化。如： Who will give
19、us a talk? Please tell us. Please tell us who will give us a talk.,焦点三：宾语从句的时态 如果主句是祈使句或主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，则宾语从句可根据句意的需要而选用任何一种时态；若主句是一般过去时 ，宾语从句用表示过去的某种时态。 He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 My father said that he was mending his bike. 我父亲说他正在修理自行车。, 如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、
20、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。如： The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播快。 He said time is money. 他说时间就是金钱。,焦点四：宾语从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide 等，其后用that引导的宾语从句，若主从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结 构。He agreed that he could help me
21、with my English. He agreed to help me with my English. 2. 当主句谓语动词为see, hear, watch, find等词时，其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构，宾补多为不带to的不定式或 动词的现在分词。如： I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. I heard her sing some songs in the next room.,3. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如： I
22、 dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do.,焦点五：宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe等词时，并且主语为第一人称时，从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。如：He wont come tomorrow. I believe. I dont believe that he will come tomorrow.,宾语从句专项练习,一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He sai
23、d _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me light faster than sound.3. Will there be a meeting in five days? Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there a meeting in five days.,that,were,that,travels,if,would be,4Can they speak French? I
24、want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _
25、 _ in the picture?,if,they,can,speak,if,are,playing,if,he,had,finished,his,how many people,we,can,see,8Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont
26、 know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street.,where,she,parked,what,he,talked,who knocked,if,lives,12. Whats your name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Ple
27、ase tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.,his,name,was,when,the,train,arrives,if,wanted,if,was,二、选择填空。1. What did Mike say? He said _.A.
28、if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the
29、car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car,D,D,D,4. Peter knew_.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris5. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are
30、 waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen,B,B,A,C,8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A.
31、 why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got9. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter10. He asked his father . A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen11. No one
32、 tells us_, so we need your help.A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it,D,B,C,C,12. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking13.They dont know _their parents are. A. that B. what C. why D. which14. Where do
33、 you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea.A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years.A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another,C,B,A,D,16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA.
34、A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead.A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains18. I
35、really dont know if she _ it when she _.A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives,B,C,D,19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk.A. that B. where C. which D. what20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the Worl
36、d Cup B. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be held21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A. that B. how C. what D. if,A,C,D,22. You must remember _.A. what your teacher said
37、 B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said23. I dont know _ .A. which room I can live B. which room can I live C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I dont . When he _back , Ill tell you.A. comes ; com
38、es B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come,A,C,C,25. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take26. Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been27. The students
39、want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B. when C. why
40、D. how,A,D,C,C,B,A,三、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be fin
41、ished.（how long, how soon）6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about well go back tomorrow. (whether, if),why,who,that,how,how soon,whether,whether,8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you
42、 know _ you are studying for? (why, what),what,why,what,四、句型转换1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.(同义句)Toms mother asked him _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ buy.4. I dont
43、know how I can get to the hospital. I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.,if,he,wanted,dont,think,is,which,trousers,she,will,how,to,get,五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office
44、_ (is)?4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).,will go,was,is,would,swam,works,7. He said that he (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mount
45、ain.9. He was glad that so many people (help) him.10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait.,had finished,hike,helped,to go,特别关注南 充 中 考,南充市200919. Can you tell me ? A. where does he come from B. how much is it C. what it is used for,C,南充市201035. Tom asked Mike . A. where did he live B. where he liv
46、ed C. where does he live,B,南充市201130. Can you tell me ? A. where are you from B. where you are from C. where do you come from,B,南充市201333. Could you tell me ? A. where do you live B. where you live C. you live where,B,南充市201426. I want to know the machine. Its easy. Let me show you. A. what I can us
47、e B. how I can use C. what can I use it D. how can I use it,B,南充市201533. We dont know when next week. Please call me when he arrives. A. will he arrive B. does he arrive C. he will arrive D. he arrives,C,南充市2016年34. -Do you know ? -Sure. On August 5th, 2016. A. when will the 31st Olympic Games open
48、B. where will the 31st Olympic Games open C. when the 31st Olympic Games will open D. where the 31st Olympic Games will open,C,南充市2017年-Excuse me. Could you please tell me ?-Sure. Go along this street and turn left. Its on your right.A. when I can get to the bookstore B. when can I get to the bookstoreC. how I can get to the bookstore D. how can I get to the bookstore,C,
