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1、初中英语语法,稻田一中 李培军,数词,数 词,数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分基数词和序数词两种。,一、基数词:表示数目的词称为基数词。,1.基数词的形式： A从110：one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，tenB从 1119：eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen，seventeen，eighteen， nineteen注意：这里除 eleven，twelve，thirteen，fifteen，eighteen为特殊形式外，fourteen，sixteen，sevente
2、en，nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。,C从 2199 ： 整数几十中除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”。例如：21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six注意： forty的拼写。D百位数：基数词101999，先说“几百”，再加“and”，再加末两位数。 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six h
3、undred and forty-eight注意：在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”。,E千位数以上：1000以上数目,从右向左每三位用“，” 分开,分别读为thousand , million, billion 。例如：5, 237, 166, 2 34 读作：,2,648 16,250,064,billion,million,thousand,hundred,and,five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-f
4、our,two thousand, six hundred and forty-eight,sixteen million, two hundred and fifty thousand, sixty-four,2基数词用法：,、表示具体数目,hundred, thousand, million不用复数。 表示不确定数目,用复数。即hundreds of(数百), thousands of(数千), millions of(数百万)+ 名词复数,可以用many/several修饰，但不能与具体数目连用。 1) Our country has a population of 1,300 mill
5、ion people. 2) There are three thousand students in our school. 3) After the war, thousands of people became homeless. 4) Several / Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.注意：several thousands of trees = several thousand trees,即学即用：Many_ trees must be planted every year. A. thousands of B
6、. million of C. hundred of D. hundreds,four thousand of the students(学生中的四千人)four thousand students(四千学生),注意,、 “几十”的复数形式可以表示： 几十多岁 - “in + ones +整十的数词复数” 年 代 -“ in + the +整十的数词复数”My parents are in their forties. It was in the 1960s/ in the 1960sIn the nineties, most people go to work by bike.,、基数词表示
7、编码：Room 207 207房 Class 2，Grade 9 九年级二班 Page Five = the fifth page 第五页 Lesson One = the first lesson 第一课Bus No.3 = the No.3 bus 3号汽车No. 1 Middle School 第一中学,注意：用此种方法表示时，首字母需大写，不加冠词。,twenties，thirties，forties，fifties，sixties，seventies， eighties，nineties,即学即用：1.In his _(fifty), he started to learn Engl
8、ish.2.The city changed a lot _. A. in 1980s B. in the 1980s C. in the 19803. He graduated in _ of _ century. A. the sixtieth; twenty B. sixty; the twentieth C. the sixties; the twentieth4. He got the prize _. A. in his fifties B. in fifties C. in his fifty5.The winner is _. He is an _ boy . A. eight
9、-year-old; eight years old B. eight years old; eight-year-old C. eight-years old; eight-year-old6.He came to China _. A. at the age of 20 B. when he is 20 C. at age of 20,B,fifties,C,A,B,A,即学即用：1)How far is your uncles home from here? Its about two_ drive. A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour2)Dont ta
10、lk to Simon like that. He is only an _ boy. A. eleven year old B. eleven years old C. eleven year old D. eleven years old,C,A,、“基数词+名词” 的合成形容词作定语。Kate is an eighteen year old girl. 凯特是个18岁的女孩。eighteen的读音以元音开头，故其前要用不定冠词an。注意：这种合成形容词的结构为：“数词单数名词形容词”。复合形容词中，词与词之间要加连字符“”。a seven-day holiday= a seven day
11、s holiday have a two-week holiday = have a two weeks holiday有两周的休假ask for a three-day leave = ask for a three days leave请三天假,、表示时刻 （注意：表示在几点钟用介词 at）1)顺读法-先时后分, “几点几分” 9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twenty-one,3) 15分钟：a quarter 30分钟：a half 9:15 a quarter past nine 12:30 half past twelve,2)逆读法-先分后时 表示“几点过几
12、分”，半小时以内，介词用past， 分钟数+past +钟点数。 10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight,表示“几点差几分”，半小时以上，介词用to， 60减原分钟+ to + (下一个)钟点数。 9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight,、表计量： “基数词+度量单位+形容词”The classroom is 7 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high.,Its already 7:40 now. When will the film start? _. We sti
13、ll have five minutes. A. A quarter to seven B. Seven past forty-five C. A quarter to eight,5:156:45,a quarter,分钟逢15即 一刻钟,4:40,（60-分钟） + to +（小时 + 1）,30分钟,7:50,按顺序读基数词,简化法,3:30,half + past + 小时,= 30 分钟,2:10,分钟 + past +小时,30分钟,1:00,基数词（+ oclock),整点,读法,例,表示法,时间类型,one oclock,ten past two,half past three
14、,twenty to five,a quarter past five,a quarter to seven,seven fifty,我看我行：,.月、日、年：在2008年10月1日,、年、月、日的表示法：,on Octorber the first, two thousand and eight,on August the ninth,in May, two thousand and ten,注意：有日用 on 无日用in,on Oct. 1st , 2008,.月、日： 在8月9日.月、年： 在2010年5月,写法：,读法：,读法：,1. The accident happened on_
15、. A. April 5, 2001 B. 2001, April 5 C. April 2001, 52. I was born _. A. in March 8, 1993 B. on July 9, 1994 C. on May, 1995,即学即用：,一个半小时两个半小时,two and a half hours= two hours and a half,one and a half hours= one hour and a half,、 “半”的表示法:,1. The boy always stays there for _. A. one and half hour B. on
16、e and a half hour C. one and a half hours2. The old man drank_ beer. A. two bottles and a half B. two and a half bottle C. two bottle and a half,“一两天”“的表示法：one day or twoone or two days,注意：,“三年半”three years and a halfthree and a half years,再例如：,“一倍” once “两倍” twice，“三倍” three times (三倍或以上 基数词times),
17、、倍数的表示法：,This box is five times as big as that one.=This box is four times bigger than that one., A + be + 倍数 + as +adj.原形+ as +B. A是B的 倍 A + be + 倍数 + adj.比+ than + B. A比B 倍,即学即用：1. This building is _ that building. A. three time as tall as B. twice taller than C. three times as taller as2. 我的箱子比你的
18、重六倍! My box is _ yours.,six times heavier than,seven times as heavy as,、电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字，“0”读作“o”或“zero”。数字连续重现时可用“double(双)”。62884405读作six two eight eight four four o (或zero) five或six two double eight double four o (或zero) five。,、another, more修饰数词的用法：. another 表“另外的、 额外的、附加的”时，用 “another +具体数字+名词
19、” 结构。例如：The strike may last another three days罢工可能还要持续三天。 Have you finished your report yet？ No，I will finish it in 10 minutes Aanother BOther Cmore Dless . more表“另外的、 额外的、附加的”时，用 “具体数字+more+名词 ” 结构。,二、序数词,表示顺序的数词称为序数词。序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾th构成；多个单词时，仅最后一个变为序数词。序数词前一般需加“the”。1“基数词”变“序数词”的口诀： 基变序，有规律， 一、
20、二、三特殊记，first，second，third， 从四开始加 th，八去t，九去e加 th， 五、十二变ve为f加th， 整十后变y为ie加th，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。,基数词 序数词 数字写法 one first 1st two second 2nd three third 3rd five fifth 5th eight eighth 8th nine ninth 9th twelve twelfth 12th twenty twentieth 20th twenty-one twenty-first 21st twenty-two twenty-second 22nd tw
21、enty-three twenty-third 23rd twenty-four twenty-fourth 24th,2序数词的用法：.序数词作定语，前面要加the。 The first truck is carrying a food basket John lives on the fifteenth floorShe is my first English teacher.（注意：名词前若有名词所有格或名词性物主代词不用the）.有时“a/an+序数词+名词”，表示“再一”，“又一” 的意思。Well have to do it a second timeShall I ask him
22、 a third time？注意：more和another都有再；又之意。区别如下：. “基数词more名词”。如：The boy had two more apples/two apples more.句型可变为：“some/a few/a little/many/much等more名词”。如：Would you like some more tea? .“another基数词名词”。如：He wrote another two letters/two more letters to her.,三、分数、百分数,1分数的表达与读法：先读分子，再读分母。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时
23、，分母加-s。分子为one时可换用“a” 。Two thirds of the students are girls in our class. 在我们班，三分之二的学生是女孩。21/2读作“a(one)half”(而不是a second“一秒钟”)；1/4既可读作“a (one) quarter”，又可读作“a (one) fourth”。Three quarters of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English.世界上3/4的书和报纸是用英语写的。,15,分子 基数词分母 序数词,one fifth,27,分子 1分母
24、+ s,two sevenths,14,分子 a分母 quarter,a quarter,34,three quarters,12,a half,13,three and one third,3,基数词 + and + 分数,分数读法练习：,3.百分数的表达与读法： 先读基数词，再读百分号“%”(读作percent)。5%读作five percent 05%读作zero point five percent 80 %读作eighty percent 200%读作two hundred percent,half / (百)分数 + of + 可数名词复数 ，谓语动词用复数half / (百)分数
25、 + of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数但是：half / (百)分数 + of + population谓语动词用复数,注意：,1. _ of the students _ boys in Class A. Two three; are B. Two thirds; are C. Two thirds; is2. _ of her money _ spent on clothes. A. Two three; are B. Two thirds; is C. Two third; is3. _ the teachers in our school is about one hundred,
26、 and _ of them are women teachers. A. The number of; two third B. The number of ; two thirds C. A number of; two thirds4. There are forty eight students in our class. And _ of us are girls. So, you have sixteen boys. A. one third B. two thirds C. two third D. one fourth,即学即用：,四、其他数的表达：,1小数的读法：小数点前的基
27、数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同，小数点读作“point”，小数点后只需将数字一一读出。1567读作fifteen point_six_seven0009读作zero point zero zero nine 或nought point nought nought nine2年代的读法为两位、两位地读。整百的后读hundred，整千的后读thousand，前常加“the year”。1937读作nineteen thirtyseven或：nineteen hundred and thirtyseven1900年读作nineteen hundred1905年读作nineteen and(或o)
28、five或：nineteen hundred and five 2000年读作the year two thousand,3一些数学公式的读法：“加”用plus/and，“减”用minus，“乘”用times，“除”用divided by，动词多用单数，如：358读作：Three plus/and five is eight.927读作：Nine minus two is seven.6530读作：Five times six is thirty.842读作：Eight divided by four is two.,中考典型例题解析,数词考点训练,. 单项填空1. The old man b
29、egan to learn to drive a car at the age of_ ASixty Bthe sixtieth Csixty years old Dsixties2.Whats the time, please? Its _. Anine thirtyfive Bforty eight past six Cfifty five to four Dthirty one two3.Can you write the number “eightyfive thousand, six hundred and twentysix”? Yes, it is _. A856620 B856
30、26 C58662 D586264.My good friend Zhangying studies at _ Middle School. A16 Bthe 16 C16th No. DNo.16,5.There are _ days in a year. Athree hundreds sixtyfive Bthree hundred and sixty five Cthe third hundred sixtyfive Dthird hundred and sixty five 6.Henry is _ tallest in their class.AThree Bthe three C
31、third Dthe third7.About _ of the students in our class are League members. Afourfifth Bfour fifth Cfourfives Dfour fifths8.How many workers are there in your factory? There are two _. Ahundreds Bhundred Chundred of Dhundreds of,9.We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes. Atwentyfirst
32、 Btwentiethfirst Ctwentyone Dtwentieth one10.What do you think of a war, Li Ming? Ive no idea. But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War in Iraq. Athree thousands Bthousand of Cthousands of Dseveral thousands11.Today is Dec 1.“1” can be pronounced _. Aone Ba first Cthe
33、one Dthe first,12.I want _of beef, please. Ahalf a kilo Bhalf kilo Chalf and kilo Dhalf kilos13.The Changjiang River is one of_longest rivers in_world. Athe; / Ba; / Cthe; the Dthe; a 14.He began to make a living by himself_. Ain his thirty Bin his thirties Cin the thirty Din the thirties 15. This i
34、s Mr. Whites _ visit to Beijing. He has been there twice before. A. two B. second C. there D. third,16.The Peoples Liberation Army was founded _. A. on August 1th, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August C. on August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 192717. This dining-room is _ our classroom. A. three times as big as B
35、. as three times big as C. three times big as D. as big three times as18. Our school is not very big. There are only _ students. A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of19. There was no bus in that small town. We had a _. A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten miles
36、 walk D. tenth mile walk,20. September is _ month of the year. A. the nineth B. ninth C. nineth D. the ninth21. There are _ seasons in a year in our country. A. two B. four C. second D. fourth22. I have a nephew, he is _. A. three years old B. three-year-old C. three D. three-years-old23. We believe
37、 the _ century will bring us more hopes. A. twentieth-first B. twentieth-one C. twenty-one D. twenty-first,24. At the age of _, Jack had his own company. A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirtieth D. the thirty25. There are _ people in my family. We live on the _ floor in a tall building. A. fifth, six
38、 B. fifth, sixth C. five, sixth D. five, six,. 用适当的词填空(每空一词)1. There are _ days in a week.2. Spring is _ _season of the year.3. One and two is_.4. There are _ months in a year.5. March is the _month of the year.6. New Years Day is on January_.7. Monday is the _day of the week.8. Beijing Olympic Games is the _Olympics.9. One _ years is a century.10. Tomorrow is the ninth. So today is the _.,seven,the first,three,twelve,third,1st,second,29th,hundred,eighth,
