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1、翻译技巧,一、词类转换（conversion） 在英译汉时，将英语中的某种词类在保证原文意义不变的情况下，根据汉语的需要变成另一类词的方法。1.Congratulations on your new promotion. 祝贺你又一次高升。2. Some of my friends are good dancers. 我的一些朋友舞跳的非常好。3. The comfort and warmth of the room were wonderful. 这间房子很舒服也很温暖，非常好。,4. He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。5. Im afraid I cant t
2、each you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教 得好6. It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water. 使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。,二、词义引申 翻译时要考虑词汇之间不同的词义色彩（内涵和外延），感情色彩（褒义贬义），语体色彩（书面语和口语），还要考虑不同的语法功能和搭配习惯。应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的本义出发，进一步加以引申，选择比较恰当的汉语词汇来表达。切记，从词的本义出发
3、，不可脱离原文，不可任意发挥。,1. Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。2. She respects him for what he is, not for what he has. 她尊敬的是他的人品，而不是他的财富。3. He managed to make a living with his pen 他靠写作勉强为生。4. The engine has given a constantly good performance 这台发动机性能一直良好。,5. We insist that international trade
4、 should not be a one-way street.我们主张国际贸易不应是有来无往。6. Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.就某些用途来说，铜的唯一缺点也许是硬度不够。,三、正反译,正说反译：英语从正面表达，译成汉语从反面表达。1. Admission by invitation only! 非请莫入。2. Please remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. 飞机停稳前，请不要
5、离开座位。 3. He would be the last man to say such things. 他绝不可能说这种话。,反说正译：,1. I cant agree with you more. 我非常同意你。2. The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations. 虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。 3. He gave me an indefinite answer. 他给了我一个含糊的答复。 4. The whole gun was no longer than eight inches. 整支枪的长度只有8英寸
6、。,4.增词（增译法）(applification),翻译中，没有任何两种语言是完全对等的。为使衔接自然，删除累赘，使语言言简意赅，可是适当增词，但必须忠实于原文，不可画蛇添足。1. The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。2.The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。,3. Will you need an experienced desk clerk for your hotel next summer? 不知贵旅馆明年夏天是否需要一名有经验的前台服务员？4. Sometimes clouds ar
7、e dark simply because they are very thick. 有时云呈黑色，这是云层很厚的缘故。（加了“这是的缘故）,5.省词（省略法）（omission）,为了突出原作的中心意义，为了保存整体，或者为了避免行文拖泥带水，生硬冗长，有时需要删减个别可有可无的或者违背汉语表达习惯的词句。英语中的冠词、连词、介词、作主语的泛指人称代词、重复出现的人称代词、物主代词等往往可以省略；引导宾语从句、主语从句的that,非人称的或强调中的it一般可以省略。,省略人称代词,1. Follow the river and you will get to the sea. 顺藤摸瓜2.
8、I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。,省略物主代词：英语用物主代词多于汉语1.She puts on her clothes. 她穿上衣服。省略非人称代词 1. It was a cold morning of spring when I went to see her. 我在一个寒冷的春天早晨去见她。,省略并列连词，and和or 1. This little room is warm and cozy. 这个小房间温暖舒适。省略作宾语的代词1. Please
9、 take off the old picture and throw it away.请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。,省略从属连词,汉语中的逻辑关系往往是隐含在句子含义中的，由语序加以体现。因此，英语中一些表示原因、条件或时间的从属连词有时可省略。 1. Because everyone uses language to talk, everyone thinks he can talk about language. 人人都用语言交谈，人人也就自认能够谈论语言。2. The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather i
10、n what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。,6.长句拆分（分译法）,英文强调形合，结构严密。汉语强调意合，结构松散。英语长句多，汉语句子较短。因此在遇到大量使用分词、短语和从句的英语复杂句子，可以进行合理拆分。1.This book is divided into sixteen units that deal with topics of everyday conversation.本书共分为16个单元，内容涉及日常生活会话。,2. It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security. 这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。3. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。4. He continued his education throughout his life, learning form human contacts as well as from books. 他整个一生都在受教育，不仅从书本上学习，而且也从与人交往中学习。,
