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1、Unit 4Cultural Encounters,WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS,access n.entrance; way in; means of entering or the right to use or look at something,Detailed reading1 access,e.g.,The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.到达那幢楼的唯一途径是沿着那条泥泞的小路前行。My ex-husband has/gets access to the children onc
2、e a week.,Derivation:,access vt. to open a computer file accessible a. able to be reached or easily obtained; easy to understand,Derivation:,remoteness n.,e.g.,They found the remoteness of the country a big problem.,remote a. distant in space or time,Detailed reading1 remote 1,e.g.,We can see remote
3、 stars through a telescope.In the remote future, many new changes will take place. Teenagers are forced to study subjects that seem remote from their daily lives.,Detailed reading1 regardless of,regardless of without taking account of or worrying about sth.,e.g.,I bought the book, regardless of the
4、cost.尽管价钱挺高，我还是买了这本书。He serves the public wholeheartedly, regardless of his personal gain or loss.,Detailed reading1 facilitate,facilitate vt. help; make easy or easier,e.g.,The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to the airport.An interface is a window environment designed to facili
5、tate the interaction between the user and the system. 界面是一个窗口环境，其设计是用来促进用户和系统之间的交互作用。,Derivation:,facilitation n.facilitative a.,Detailed reading1- have misgivings,have misgivings not be sure; be doubtful or worried about a future event,e.g.,I have many misgivings about taking the job. 我对是否接受那项工作顾虑重
6、重。 The refugees have deep misgivings about their safety.难民们很担心他们的人身安全。,Detailed reading1 profound,profound a. intense; deep; very strongly felt,e.g.,I am profoundly grateful for this opportunity to meet you.,Derivation:,profoundly ad.,e.g.,The book contains profound insight into human behavior.The d
7、evelopment was to have a profound effect on all our lives.,Detailed reading1- at ones peril,at ones peril(used when advising sb. not to do sth.) with the near certainty of meeting great danger,e.g.,You ignore this warning at your peril.你若忽视这个警告，就得自担风险。Anyone who breaks the law does so at their peril
8、.任何人违法都要自己承担后果。,e.g.,The labels were attached to the luggage.,Detailed reading1 label,labelv. fix or tie on sth. a piece of paper or other material that gives information about it; use a word or phrase to describe sb. or sth.,e.g.,Ive just spent a whole day labelling all the items.The bottle is labe
9、led poison. 瓶上标明有毒。,n. a piece of paper or other material, fixed to sth., which gives information about what it is, where it is to go, who owns it, etc.,Detailed reading1 hover,hover vi. be in an uncertain state; stay around one place, esp. in a way that annoys other people,e.g.,A hawk hovered in th
10、e sky, waiting to swoop down on its prey.I heard the noise of a helicopter hovering overhead.,Detailed reading1 head-on,head-on ad. & a. with the heads or front parts meeting, usu. violently,e.g.,The motor cycle ran head-on into the lorry.The government and the unions are set for a head-on confronta
11、tion.,Detailed reading1 not be given to,not be given to not usually do sth.,e.g.,It is the truth. We are not given to telling lies.,come up with produce; think of a plan, reply, etc.,e.g.,No one has come up with a convincing explanation of/for why dinosaurs died out. 尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝做出一个令人信服的解释。Hes come
12、up with a great idea. 他想出了一个绝好的办法。,Detailed reading1 come up with,compromise v. an agreement reached in this way that is acceptable to both sides,e.g.,They refused to compromise their principles by doing a deal with the terrorists. 他们拒绝同恐怖分子做交易，以免原则受损。Progress has been made towards a political compr
13、omise between the two nations. 两国之间的政治和解已经取得进展。,Detailed reading1 compromise 1,Detailed reading1 compromise 2,Collocation:,compromise on / with,e.g.,Well, you want $400 and I say $300, so lets compromise on $350. Dont try to threaten me. I wont compromise with you.,regarding prep. as regards; concer
14、ning; on the subject of; in connection with,e.g.,If you have any questions regarding any of our services, please feel free to call me.She said nothing regarding your request. 她对你的要求闭口不答。,Synonym:,concerning, considering, in terms of,Detailed reading1 regarding,Detailed reading1 complacent,complacent
15、 a. pleased or satisfied with oneself or with a situation, often unreasonably; not worrying, even though one perhaps should be,e.g.,He gave us a complacent smile.We must not be complacent about our achievements.,Derivation:,complacency n.,Detailed reading1 cut down,cut down onreduce an amount done,
16、eaten, etc.,e.g.,He cut down on coffee and sugar and ate a more healthy diet.Finally they have hired a new person. I hope this cut down on our work a little. 他们终于雇佣新人了。希望我们的工作能减少一些。,TEXT ANALYSIS,Detailed reading1 We live in ,We live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world. (Para. 1),Trans
17、lation:,我们生活在一个可以轻松到达世界其它角落的时代。,Detailed reading,Paraphrase:,We live in a historic period when we can get easy access to/ when we can easily keep in touch with the rest of the world.,Detailed reading1 for many , for many people learning English is an essential stepping stone on the road to success.
18、(Para. 2),Explanation:, for many people the acquisition of English is basically a spring board towards their lifetime success/ achievements.A stepping stone is a means that helps you to progress towards achieving something especially in your work.,Detailed reading,e.g.,Students from various minority
19、 groups are intent on using education as a stepping stone to a better life. That woman tried to use marriage as a stepping stone on her path to success.,Detailed reading1 Most fundamental ,Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society an
20、d one that we overlook at our peril. (Para. 3),Paraphrase:,There is a basic relationship between language and culture which is an essential part of society and one that is dangerous if we ignore it.,Detailed reading,Translation:,最根本的是语言与文化之间的深远关系，它存在于社会的中心，忽视它必然会造成危险。, given that whales are not give
21、n to swimming in warm, southern seas. (Para. 5),Paraphrase:, considering the fact that whales are not likely to/ do not usually swim in warm, southern seas.,Detailed reading1 given that whales ,Detailed reading,Faced with unsurmountable linguistic problems, translators negotiated the boundaries betw
22、een languages and came up with a compromise. (Para. 5),Translation:,面对不可逾越的语言障碍，译者们对语言的界限进行揣摩，并最终达成一个折中的解决方案。,Paraphrase:,Faced with the unconquerable linguistic problems, translators managed to deal with the differences between languages and thought of a solution that was similar to the original in
23、 spirit.,Detailed reading1 Faced with unsurmountable ,Detailed reading,When there are no words in another language for what you want to say, you make adjustments and try to approximate. (Para. 6),Translation:,当另外一种语言里没有词语可用来表达你想要说的话的时候，你就得做出调整，尽量得出你想要表达的意思。,Detailed reading1 When there ,Detailed rea
24、ding,Communicating in another language involves not only linguistic skills, but the ability to think differently, to enter into another cultures mentality and shape language accordingly. (Para. 7),Translation:,用另一种语言交流不仅需要语言技巧，还需要有换另一种方式思考的本领，以及进入另一种文化的思维状态并相应地规范用以表达的语言的本领。,Detailed reading1 Communi
25、cating ,Detailed reading,Those best placed to help that process may not be the ones with the latest technology and state of the art mobile phones, but those with the skills to understand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages. (Para. 8),Translation:,最有助于促进世界和平进程的
26、也许不是那些掌握最新技术或最时新的移动电话的人，而是那些掌握了理解许多不同语言的字面含义、隐含意义与超越词语本身意义（文化意义）的技巧的人。,Detailed reading1 Those best placed ,Detailed reading,Translate the following sentences into English.,1. Children may swim here provided that they are accompanied by adults. 2. This American journalist made a fool of himself over
27、 his remarks about China, because hes been out of touch with whats been happening in the country in the past three decades.3. Every person has the right to education, regardless of his or her family background, sex and age.4. The invention of the Internet, despite the fact that it has given rise to
28、some problems, has greatly facilitated almost every aspect of our life, including education, medicine and business.,5. Never overlook your travel insurance when you are planning to spend your holiday abroad; otherwise you might find yourself in great trouble if any accident should occur. 6. In the m
29、ovie that billionaire was faced with a dilemma either divorce his wife, who would then carve out half of his financial empire, or murder her at the risk of being found out by the police.7. As the husband lost his job in the financial crisis, the new couple had to cut down on a lot of things furniture, clothes, records, books and so on.8. Over thirty years ago, right after the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping told the people that the only way out lay in reform and opening up to the outside world.,
