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1、Rat Dissection,The following slides are intended to helpyou with dissection of the rat and then to review for the lab practical that will follow.,RATS,Rat Dissection,Scientific Name: Rattus norvegicusCommon Name: Rat Kingdom- AnimaliaPhylum- ChordataSubphylum- VertebrataClass- MammaliaOrder- Rodenti
2、a,RATS,Rat Dissection,The following web sites were used to obtain various dissection pictures.(1) http:/www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab15/biolab15_1.html(2) http:/www.gisbornesc.vic.edu.au/home/jans/home/rat.htm(3) http:/ http:/ http:/www.baa.duke.edu/companat/BAA_289L_200
3、4/heart/Rat/rat_thorax.htm(6) http:/instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/images/ratpics/unit6/(7) http:/www.victoriacollege.edu/dept/bio/RatDissection/index.htm This has an excellent self quiz!Urogenital Tutorial- http:/www.biolsci.monash.edu.au/undergrad/erat/index.html,SOURCES,Rat Dissection,
4、REMOVING SKIN,Source #4,Rat Dissection,REMOVING SKIN,Source #7,Rat Dissection,REMOVING SKIN,Source #4,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Branchial:鳃的Externa auditory meatus：外耳道Temporalis：颞肌Orbicularis oculi：眼轮匝肌parotid duct：腮腺导管,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #1,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Rat Dis
5、section,MUSCLES,Source #5,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Wrist:腕关节Long head of biceps brachi:肱二头肌长头Medial head of triceps:肱三头肌内侧头Coracobrachialis:喙头肌Elbow：肘部Tensor fasciae antebrachi:Long head of triceps:肱三头肌长头Axilla region:腋部Short head of biceps brachi:肱二头肌短头Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Distal:远心端Proximal:
6、近心端,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #1,External jugular vein:颈外静脉Pectoralis muscles:胸肌Triceps:肱三头肌Biceps:二头肌Masseter:咬肌,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #1,Cutaneous maximus:External jugular vein:颈外静脉Linea alba:腹白线,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Transversus abdominis:腹横肌Epigastric vein:腹壁下静脉Rectus abdo
7、minis:腹直肌Internal oblique:腹内斜肌External oblique:腹外斜肌Rostral:头侧Caudal:尾侧Lateral:外侧Medial:内侧,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Thigh:大腿Hip:臀部Gluteus maximus:臀大肌Caput vertebralis:Caput pelvis:Biceps femoris:股二头肌Semitendinosus:半腱肌Vastus lateralis:股外侧肌,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Vastus lateralis:股外侧肌
8、Adductor magnus:大收肌Biceps femoris:股二头肌Semimembranosus:半膜肌Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Dorsal:背侧Ventral:腹侧,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Iliacus:髂肌Pectineus:耻骨肌Adductor longus:长收肌Gluteus medius:臀中肌Vastus lateralis:股外侧肌Rectus femoris:股直肌Vastus medialis:股内侧肌Adductor magnus:大收肌Gracilis:股薄肌Flexor digitorum supe
9、rficialis: 指(趾）浅屈肌,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Flexor digitorum superficialis: 指(趾）浅屈肌Tibialias anterior:胫骨前肌Flexor digitorum profundis:指(趾）深屈肌Fibularis longus:Soleus:比目鱼肌Lateral head of gastrocnemius:腓肠肌外侧头Plantaris:跖肌medial head of gastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcaneal tendon:跟腱Heel of foot:足跟,Rat Di
10、ssection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Plantaris:跖肌Flexor digitorum superficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Soleus:比目鱼肌medial head of gastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcaneal tendon:跟腱Heel of foot:足跟,Rat Dissection,ORAL CAVITY,Source #6,Oral cavity:口腔Hard palate:硬腭Soft palate:软腭,Rat Dissection,ORAL CAVITY,Source #6,Saluvary gland:唾液腺,Rat Di
11、ssection,ABDOMINAL CAVITY,Source #4,Rat Dissection,ABDOMINAL CAVITY,Source #4,Rat Dissection,Source #7,ABDOMINAL CAVITY,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source #1,Digestive organs:消化器官Mesentery:肠系膜Omentum:网膜,Rat Dissection,Source #6,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Liver：肝脏Caecum:盲肠Small intestine:小肠,Rat Dissection,
12、Source #6,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Duodenum:十二指肠Stomach:胃Spleen:脾脏Large intestine:大肠,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source #1,diaphragm:膈Liver：肝脏Small intestine:小肠Spleen：脾脏Caecum:盲肠,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source #5,Caudal side of diaphragm:膈肌尾侧面Median lobe of liver:肝脏中叶Ligamentum teres hepatis:肝静脉
13、索Left lobe of liver:肝脏左叶Stomach:胃Greater omentum:大网膜Small intestines:小肠,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source #1,Duodenum:十二指肠Pancreas:胰腺Jejunum:空肠Ileum:回肠Colon:结肠Caecum:盲肠,Rat Dissection,Source #6,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source #1,Transverse limb:横结肠Ascending limb:升结肠Desce
14、nding limb:降结肠,Rat Dissection,Source #1,THORACIC CAVITY,External jugular:颈外静脉Left common carotid:左颈总动脉Left subclavian：左锁骨下动脉Aortic arch:主动脉弓Left postcava:下腔静脉Lung:肺脏Kidney:肾脏Left atrium:左心房Left ventricle:左心室Right precava:上腔静脉Innominate:Trachea:气管,Rat Dissection,HEART + LUNGS,Source #5,Right auricle:
15、右心耳Thymus:胸腺Left phrenic nerve:膈神经Diaphragm:膈,Rat Dissection,RESPIRATORY ORGANS,Source #1,Rat Dissection,CIRCULATORY ORGANS,Source #1,Circulatory organs:循环器官R. common carotid A.:右颈总动脉R. Subclavian A.右锁骨下动脉Innominate A.:R. Atrium:右心房R.Lung:右肺Esophagus：食管Aorta:主动脉Diaphragm：膈R.:rightL.:leftA.:arterial
16、动脉的,Rat Dissection,HEART,Source #5,Right auricle:右心耳Right ventricle:右心室Left pulmonary artery:左肺动脉Left auricle:左心耳,Rat Dissection,CIRCULATORY ORGANS,Source #1,Dorsal：背侧的superior mesenteric A.:肠系膜上动脉Coeliac A.:腹主动脉R. Renal V.:右肾静脉Inferior vena cava:下腔静脉Kidney:肾脏Ovary:卵巢Dorsal aorta:背主动脉Uterus:子宫R. Com
17、mon iliac A.:右髂总动脉R. Iliolumbar V.右髂腰静脉R. Ovarian V.右卵巢静脉,Rat Dissection,UROGENITAL ORGANS,Source #1,Urogenital system:泌尿生殖系统Kidney：肾脏Ovary:卵巢Cornua of uterus:子宫角,Rat Dissection,Source #5,EXCRETORY ORGANS,Pelvis:肾盂Renal V.:肾静脉Cortex:皮质Medulla:髓质,Rat Dissection,Source #5,UROGENITAL ORGANS,Right kidne
18、y:右肾Uterine horn with feluses:有胚胎的子宫角Right ureter:右输尿管Bladder:膀胱Left adrenal gland:左肾上腺Rectum:直肠,Rat Dissection,1.Trachea：气管2.Heart：心脏3.Lung：肺脏4.Diaphragm：膈,Source #2,THORACIC CAVITY,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,1.Right Atrium：右心房2.Right Ventricle：右心室3.Left Atrium：左心房4.Left Ventricle：左心室,
19、Source #2,HEART,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,1.Jugular Vein：颈静脉2.Carotid Artery：颈动脉3.Superior Vena Cava：上腔静脉4.Ascending Aorta：升主动脉5.Atrium (right)：心房（右）6.Ventricles ：心室,THORACIC CIRCULATION,Source #2,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,You should be familiar with the order of the part
20、s of the alimentary canal. Following the path that food would take, we would pass through:熟悉消化道膈部分的顺序和名称。下图标明食物通过消化道的顺序：Oral Cavity口腔Pharynx咽Esophagus食管Stomach胃Pyloric Sphincter幽门括约肌Small Intestine小肠Duodenum十二指肠Jejunum空肠Ileum回肠Large Intestine大肠Cecum盲肠Colon 结肠- Ascending Limb升支- Transverse Limb 横支- D
21、escending Limb降支Rectum直肠Anus肛门,Source #1,ABDOMINAL CAVITY 腹腔,Rat Dissection,1. Liver肝2. Stomach胃3. Pancreas胰脏4. Duodenum十二指肠5. Small Intestines小肠6. Cecum盲肠7. Urinary Bladder膀胱,Source #2,ABDOMINAL CAVITY 腹腔,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,1. Abdominal Aorta腹主动脉2. Renal Artery (left)肾动脉（左）3. R
22、enal Vein (left) 肾静脉（左）4. Inferior Vena Cava下腔静脉5. Hepatic PortalVein肝门静脉,ABDOMINAL CIRCULATION 腹部血液循环,Source #2,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,1. Coagulating Gland凝固腺2. Urinary Bladder膀胱3. Vas Deferens输精管4. Epididymis附睾5. Small Intestines小肠6. Seminal Vesicle精囊腺7. Prostate Gland前列腺8. Penis阴
23、茎9. Testis睾丸10.Scrotum阴囊,MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS雄性生殖器官,Source #2,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,Stomach胃Kidney肾Ovary卵巢Oviduct输卵管Uterine Horn子宫角Large Intestine大肠Urinary Bladder膀胱,FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS雌性生殖器官,Source #2,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,10. 13. 15.,TAGGED ORGANS,Sou
24、rce #7,Review and Quiz Yourself,Biceps Brachii肱二头肌,Masseter嚼肌,Rib Cage胸廓,Rat Dissection,5. 9. 22. 27.,TAGGED ORGANS,Source #7,Review and Quiz Yourself,Heart心脏,Trachea气管,Lung肺,Esophagus食管,3. 7. 8. 11. 17.18.,Rat Dissection,TAGGED ORGANS,Source #7,Review and Quiz Yourself,Cecum盲肠,Small Intestine小肠,Ova
25、ry卵巢,Diaphragm膈,Liver肝,Spleen脾,Rat Dissection,24. 26.,TAGGED ORGANS,Source #7,Review and Quiz Yourself,UterineHorn子宫角,Urinary Bladder膀胱,Rat Dissection,1. 6. 20. 23.25.,TAGGED ORGANS,Source #7,Review and Quiz Yourself,Ureter输尿管,Kidney肾,Rectum直肠,Stomach胃,Adrenal Gland肾上腺,Rat Dissection,Toward the midl
26、ine朝中线方向Toward the back (upper surface of body)朝向背部（动物身体的上表面）Toward the tail朝向尾部Toward the side朝向两边Farthest from the point of attachment附着点的最远端Toward the belly (underside of body)朝向腹部（动物身体的下表面）Closest to the point of attachment附着点附近Toward the head朝向头部,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT FUNCTION:,Cau
27、dal尾侧,Lateral外侧,Cranial颅侧,Proximal近端,Ventral腹侧,Distal远端,Dorsal背侧,Medial内侧,Heres a word bank to help you out:CaudalCranialDistalDorsalLateralMedialProximalVentral,ANATOMICAL TERMS解剖术语,Rat Dissection,The term referring to bending of a joint 关节弯曲的术语The term referring to movement of an appendage toward
28、the long axis of the body四肢向身体长轴方向移动的术语The term referring to straightening of a joint关节处伸直的术语The term referring to movement of an appendage away from the long axis of the body四肢向身体长轴反方向移动的术语,ANATOMICAL TERMS解剖术语,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT FUNCTION:,Adduction内收,Flexion俯屈,Abduction外展,Extension
29、伸展,Rat Dissection,The whiskers, which have a sensory function 有感知功能的胡须The flap-like external ear that directs sound waves into the ear opening收集声波片状的外耳 Paired openings leading into the nose鼻子的一对导气孔Organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities胸腔腹腔里的组织A partition or wall separating 2 cavities分割两腔的隔膜A
30、membrane which suspends the organs支持器官的膜Shiny membrane that lines the abdominal cavity腹腔光滑的膜,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT ORGAN:,Vibrissae触须,Pinna耳郭,Nares鼻孔,Mesentery肠系膜,Septum隔膜,Viscera内脏,Peritoneum腹膜,Heres a word bank to help you out:MesenteryNaresPeritoneumPinnaSeptumVibrissaeViscera,ORGAN
31、FUNCTION器官功能,Rat Dissection,Abducts the thigh大腿向外侧运动Extends the forelimb前肢伸直Constricts the abdomen腹部收缩Closes the jaw关闭下颚Adducts the thigh大腿内侧运动Flexes the forelimb前肢弯曲Draws the forelimb toward the chest前肢向胸侧运动Extends the foot伸脚Moves the forelimb dorsally + caudally前肢向背部和尾部运动,Review and Quiz Yourself,
32、NAME THAT MUSCLE:,Biceps Femoris股二头肌,Triceps Brachii肱三头肌,External Obliques腹外斜肌,Biceps Brachii肱二头肌,Gracilis股薄肌,Masseter咬肌,Pectoralis Major胸大肌,Heres a word bank to help you out:Biceps BrachiiBiceps FemorisExternal ObliquesGastrocnemiusGluteus MaximusGracilisLatissimus DorsiMasseterPectoralis MajorTric
33、eps Brachi,or,Gluteus Maximums臀大肌,Gastrocnemius腓肠肌,Latissimus Dorsi背阔肌,ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能,Rat Dissection,Produces WBCs (White blood cells)产白细胞Moves food in mouth and tastes将食物移入嘴里，品尝Organs for gas exchange换气的器官Windpipe leading from pharynx to lungs由咽到肺的管道Bony anterior roof of mouth口腔前骨顶Muscular shee
34、t that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities分开胸腔与腹腔的肌肉层Incisors (biting) and molars (grinding)剪切和磨食物Muscular posterior roof of mouth口腔顶尾部肌肉Affects metabolic rate and body growth 影响新陈代谢率和身体成长,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT ORGAN:,Tongue舌头,Lungs肺,Diaphragm横膈膜,Hard Palate硬腭,Trachea气管,Teeth牙
35、齿,Heres a word bank to help you out:DiaphragmHard PalateLungsSoft PalateTeethThymus GlandThyroid GlandTongueTrachea,Thymus Gland胸腺,Soft Palate软腭,Thyroid Gland甲状腺,ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能,Rat Dissection,Produces insulin for glucose metabolism产生胰岛素的地方Aids in digestion of proteins帮助蛋白质消化的地方Food tube from pha
36、rynx to stomach将食物由咽部运送至胃的导管Digests and absorbs nutrients营养物质的消化吸收的地方Folds in stomach that help mix food胃里帮助碾碎食物的摺Secretes bile, cleans blood, stores glycogen分泌胆汁，净化血液，储存糖原Cleans blood, removes old RBCs净化血液，清除年老的红细胞Reabsorption of water水重吸收Blind pouch where ileum joins colon回肠与结肠连接处的盲段End of intesti
37、nes, compaction of feces消化道尾端，压缩排泄物,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT ORGAN:,Stomach胃,Esophagus食道,Liver肝,Rugae胃皱褶,Small Intestines小肠,Spleen脾,Heres a word bank to help you out:CecumEsophagusLarge IntestineLiverPancreasSmall IntestineSpleenStomachRectumRugae,Pancreas胰腺,Large Intestine大肠,Cecum盲肠,Rectu
38、m直肠,ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能,Rat Dissection,Removes wastes + excess H20 from blood将血液中的废物和多余的水除去的地方Houses developing fetuses胎儿生长的地方Produces and stores sperm储存精子的地方Stores urine before excretion尿排出前储存的地方Secretes a fluid that aids sperm survival and motility分泌支持精子存活或运动的液体的地方Produces eggs卵细胞产生的地方Carry urine f
39、rom kidney to bladder将尿由肾运输至膀胱的东东Secretes a fluid that nourishes sperm分泌滋养精子的液体的地方Sac that holds the testes睾丸外的囊,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT ORGAN:,Uterine Horn子宫角,Testes睾丸,Ovary卵巢,Prostate前列腺,Bladder膀胱,Ureter输尿管,Heres a word bank to help you out:BladderKidneyOvaryProstateScrotumSeminal Vesic
40、leTestesUreterUterine Horn,Kidney肾,Seminal Vesicle精囊腺,Scrotum阴囊,ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能,Rat Dissection,Takes blood from heart to lungs将血液由心脏转运至肺的血管Large veins take blood to right atrium将血液转运入右心房的大静脉Top chambers, receive blood心脏接收血液地方Membrane around heart心脏外膜Artery taking blood to head将血液运输至头部的动脉Bottom ch
41、ambers that pump blood out心将血液运出的地方Largest artery taking blood from left ventricle将血液从左心室运出的大动脉Lower descending aorta takes blood to lower trunk and legs 将血液运送至下躯和腿的降主动脉Takes blood to kidneys将血液运送至肾的血管,ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT ORGAN:,Vena Cava腔静脉,Atria心房,Ventricles心室,Common Carotid颈总动脉,Pericardial Sac心包囊,Aorta大动脉（主动脉）,Heres a word bank to help you out:Abdominal AortaAortaAtriaCommon CarotidPericardial SacPulmonary ArteryRenal ArteryVena CavaVentricles,Pulmonary Artery肺动脉,Abdominal Aorta腹主动脉,Renal Artery肾动脉,
