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1、学术英语综合 Unit 5,Unit 5Philosophy,Unit Contents,Unit objectives,Text A,Text B,Text C,Academic language and discourse,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Unit Objectives,1. Professional KnowledgeGet acquainted with some important philosophical concepts (e.g. mentalist, epistemologist, phenomenologist, behavioris
2、t, philosophical psychology, pragmatist, feminist, ethics of care, philosophy of science, etc.)2. ReadingSummarize the main idea of a text and grasp the two sides of an argumentUnderstand difficult sentences (e.g. sentences with abstract meaning or ambiguous reference)Analyze complex or controversia
3、l issues critically,Unit 5Philosophy,Unit Objectives,3. ListeningKnow how to use note-taking forms4. SpeakingKnow how to turn to a new point in discussions5. WritingLearn to avoid plagiarism in writing,Unit 5Philosophy,Unit Objectives,6. ResearchingCarry out a small-scale interview study to explore
4、how Chinese college students perceive philosophy today7. Academic language and discourseAcquire some terms related to philosophy Learn some signpost language for classificationComprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal expressions,Unit 5Philosophy,Te
5、xt A Lead-in,The American science fiction movie Matrix （黑客帝国）describes a world dominated by robots who manipulated human beings. Do you think such a world would one day come to reality? Why or why not? Discuss these questions with each other. Then read Text A to see how the writer might answer these
6、 questions.,Unit 5Philosophy,Text A Overview,Learn more about the two philosophical terms:,mentalismbehaviorism,Unit 5Philosophy,Text A Supplementary information,1. MentalistMentalists are people who believe in mentalism. Mentalism is a school of philosophy which believes that mental phenomena canno
7、t be explained by physical laws; instead, physical things can be explained in terms of mental things which exist in a real sense. Some mentalists claim that physical objects are merely sensations or perceptions, or that the whole material world is mental in nature.,Unit 5Philosophy,Text A Supplement
8、ary information,2. BehavioristBehaviorists are people who believe in behaviorism. Behaviorism is a philosophical theory which believes that mental states can be analyzed in terms of publicly observable actions; in other words, behavior can be described and explained without reference to mental event
9、s or psychological processes. This school of thought tends to emphasize the external sources of behavior and dismiss the internal sources (the mind). The mind hence has no independent significance.,Unit 5Philosophy,Text A Overview,2. Do Task 1 Critical Reading and Thinking to have an overview of the
10、 text.,conscious minds,in every way as if,it understands,think,what they do,what,he or she says and does,inner life,Unit 5Philosophy,Text A In-depth analysis,1. Explore difficult sentences in Text A.,Unit 5Philosophy,Text A Difficult sentences,In countless movies, computers play a starring role. (Pa
11、ra. 1) Much of this is still science fiction. (Para. 1)Both the fantasy and the fact would have astonished our grandparents. (Para. 1) If the computer really is a “material mind”, then not only must we rethink this distinction, but we have broken it with our own creations. (Para. 2)The first respons
12、e Ill call mentalist, for the sake of a label. (Para. 4)Wouldnt you have as much reason for thinking that M had a mind as you have for thinking that your mother does? But did you ever check that your mother has got brain tissue in her head? (Para. 8),Unit 5Philosophy,Text A Difficult sentences,Not i
13、f I know that its got silicon chips in its head. (Para. 8)If its the evidence of what your mother does that entitles you to believe she has a mind (and not, say, an innate prejudice), (Para. 9) It seems that our conviction that people have minds is no better based than the belief that there could be
14、 understanding computers. (Para. 12). in the same boat. (Para. 12)It is time now to find our way up that tower to have a look around. (Para.15),Unit 5Philosophy,Text A In-depth analysis,2. Discuss in groups about the questions in Task 3/Critical reading and thinking: What is your point of view Do co
15、mputers have minds?Compare the views in the text with your own answers.,Unit 5Philosophy,Text B Text analysis,What is the writers focus? Philosophy in general or any branch of philosophy?,Learn more about American philosophyAmerican philosophy could refer to philosophical work done by Americans with
16、in the geographical confines of the United States. It could also refer to the types of philosophical concerns and problems addressed; namely, the focus on the interconnections of theory and practice, on experience and community. Although different concerns and themes have occurred at different times
17、, American philosophy both reflects and shapes collective American identity over the history of the nation. Traditional American philosophy featured George Herbert Mead, Peirce, James, Tufts, and Dewey whose philosophical thoughts led to the establishment of Pragmatism.,Unit 5Philosophy,Text B Text
18、analysis,2. Summarize the main features of American philosophy today on the basis of Task 1/Critical reading and thinking/Text B.,3. Compare your answers to the questions in Task 2/Critical Reading and Thinking/Text B.,Unit 5Philosophy,Text B Difficult sentences,Statistical and mathematical techniqu
19、es of analysis vs. a more discursive, even narrative, style in social sciences (Para. 3). the unexamined life is not worth living . (Para. 11)Like all such labels, these distinctions can be pushed too far. (Para. 4) Here the best advice is: user beware. (Para. 10):,Unit 5Philosophy,Text B Researchin
20、g,Form into teams to do the task in Researching/Text B. Follow these steps: Report the research findings to the group Discuss the findings within the groupDraw up a poster to present the research findings of the group to the class,Unit 5Philosophy,What do you know about the following terms? natural
21、philosophyformal philosophy,Text C Text Analysis,Unit 5Philosophy,Text C Supplementary information,Natural philosophyNatural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical world in all its various dimensions before the development of modern science.,2. Formal philosophyFormal philosophy mainly
22、deals with conceptual questions such as how people conceive of the world. It is supposed to be different from natural philosophy which deals with empirical questions such as how the world happens to be. Here the writer uses this term to refer to modern philosophy.,Unit 5Philosophy,2. Contribute as m
23、uch as possible what you know about the differences between science and philosophy.,Text C Text Analysis,3. Do the Task in Text C.,Unit 5Philosophy,Academic language and discourse,Do Task 1/Language building-up/Text A.,Specialized vocabulary,Unit 5Philosophy,Academic language and discourse,1. Do Tas
24、k 2/ Language building-up/Text A.2. Do the following signpost language activity:,Signpost language,Read the following paragraph and find out the words that indicate classification.,Unit 5Philosophy,Academic language and discourse,Signpost language,Psychology, as defined, comprises a number of differ
25、ent kinds of enterprises, so different that they may seem to have nothing in common. One psychologist is engaged in vocational guidance; he spends his day talking to high school students, studying their academic records and their test scores and from these, in principle, showing the student how to c
26、larify his own ideas about his future training and occupation. Another spends his day studying delayed reaction in goldfish or the navigation of bats. Other psychologists are assisting in the diagnosis of neurotic patients, doing research on the childhood experiences that contribute to neurosis, or
27、taking part in combined research on the effects of tranquilizers. But all such disparate activities have this in common, that the methods derive from the same fundamental training in the procedures and conceptions of academic psychology, and that the worker is either putting the conceptions to pract
28、ical use or trying to improve on them (or both).,Unit 5Philosophy,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,Do Task 3/ Language building-up/Text A.,Unit 5Philosophy,Academic language and discourse,Collocation,Fill in the blanks of the sentences which are adapted from sentences in Texts B and C
29、with appropriate prepositions.Philosophy in North America today is characterized _ enormous variety. Adding to this diversity is the emergence _ interest in various non-western philosophies.This kind of use of analytical techniques derives _ formal logic.The less formalized analysis is more akin _ t
30、he traditional writing of philosophers.This kind of analysis has ample room _ the more traditional style of philosophy.Some philosophers use formalized techniques in their approaches _ traditional philosophical questions.Some philosophers draws _ the work of both styles of philosophy.,by,of,from,to,
31、for,to,on,Unit 5Philosophy,Academic language and discourse,Collocation,An alternative to the rule-governed analysis of morality, they put _ an ethics of care.The situation has resulted _ the professionalization of philosophy.Philosophy has not found its way _ the curriculum of high schools.At its co
32、re remains the essential questions that have dominated the quest _ wisdom.The distinction between philosophy and science is sometimes held to be, _ comparison, a simple matter.The division _ labor between science and philosophy has been productive.,forward,in,into,for,by,of,Unit 5Philosophy,Listenin
33、g,1. Go over the information about note-taking forms in Listening.,2. Practice note-taking by doing Task 1/Listening.,3. Listen to the clip again and do Task 2.,Unit 5Philosophy,Speaking,Go over the information about how to turn to a new point in Speaking.,Do the discussion task in Task/Speaking.,3.
34、 Report discussion results as a group.,Here is some language to help you report to the class.,Unit 5Philosophy,Speaking,Here is some language to help you report to the class.,Unit 5Philosophy,Writing,Learn how to avoid plagiarism in Writing:Use quotes sparingly Use paraphrasing with caution,2. Do Task 1 / Writing to practice paraphrasing skills.,Do Task 2 / Writing to transfer what you have learnt to your own writing.,Unit 5Philosophy,此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢,
