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1、,一、独立口语 Task 1 Task 2二、综合口语 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6,托福口语概况,在口语部分，考生需要就基于个人经历、校园环境和学术性材料提出的各种话题用英语表达自己的观点。答题时间共20分钟。Task 1,2:独立口语任务，写生要依据自己的观点、见解或者经历来回答问题。Task 3,4:读文章讨论或者讲座节选答题Task 5,6:听对话或者节选的讲座片段答题在整个口语考试中，考生可以记笔记，并在回答时作参考。,托福口语概况,口语评分标准 独立口语：旨在检验学生能否阐明并连贯表达自己的观点、能否运用恰当的解释与细节描述充实并支持论点，一级语言表达时间
2、偶清晰流畅、易于理解。 综合口语：旨在检验考生能否根据1到2段材料传达相关信息，能否连贯表达观点并通过恰当的解释和细节描写充实论点，以及语言表达是否清晰流畅、易于理解。DeliveryLanguage useTopic development,一、人物类二、地点类三、事物类1、抽象事物2、具体事物四、事件类,独立口语,一、人物类,Sample answer1:Describe the qualities of a good leader:I think a leader needs at least two important characteristics. First, a leader
3、should be good at management. There are usually a great number of members under the charge of one leader, so a leader is supposed to organize everything well in order to make a company run smoothly. Secondly, a good leader should be good at making decisions. A good and correct decision can lead to t
4、he final success, whereas a wrong and delayed decision may bring about disasters to the company. Of course, this skill requires a lot of working experience.,Sample answer2:Describe the qualities of a good colleague:First, a colleague is supposed to be efficient in work. When given a task by the boss
5、, all the team members should take their duties and cooperate well in order to finish it quickly. If one of the colleagues is slow and left behind, a project will be delayed.Secondly, I think a colleague should be ready to help others. When a new employee comes to the company, he knows little about
6、the work, so it is his colleagues who are supposed to help him. But there are some staff members who wouldnt like to help others, for they are afraid that others will excel them afterwards.,二、地点类,Sample answer1:If your foreign friends are going to visit your country, where do you suggest them to go?
7、If I had the chance, Id like to take the foreign visitors to the Forbidden City. First, the Forbidden City has a history of more than 600 years and is the place where the royal family used to live during the Qing and Ming dynasty. The Forbidden City is so large that it has more than 900 rooms. Its m
8、agnificent architecture which includes many Chinese elements has become the symbol of Chinese culture.Second, thousands of visitors from different parts of the world come to see it every day. They all say it looks much grander than it looks in movies. Whats more，there are a lot of antiques displayin
9、g in the Forbidden city attracting many visitors .,Sample answer2:Where would you like to live, Mountain, forest, beach, or desert?The place Id like to live is the forest. I prefer it for the following reasons.First of all, the air in the forest is much fresher than that in the city. And I know doct
10、ors will suggest people to go there to breathe in more oxygen. I have a cousin, Jimmy, who used to have problems with his lungs and his doctor told him to go to the forest as much as he could. Now he is well again.Also, we can hike or even have picnics in the forest as long as we do not get lost. It
11、 must be such a nice experience to feel the breeze and watch the green trees sitting on the grass with your friends while you can enjoy your delicious food.,1、抽象事物,事物类,Describe the most important decision that youve made in your life.A particularly significant decision Ive made in my life was that I
12、 came to work and live in Beijing.I had just finished my contract on a very decent job and I suppose I wanted a new challenging and demanding job. So I decided to come to Beijing, the capital city filled with talents and opportunities. Besides,I was always a bit passionate and I liked to do things o
13、n thespur of the moment. Arriving in a new city wasexciting. Just walking out of the station with a suitcase and two bags and with a dream of doing something for the Olympic Games, I felt I had arrived and I felt life was mine and I could make it to be exactly what I wanted.That summer, I realized a
14、gain that life never ought to be boring, but on the contrary is full of adventure and challenge and is exciting, too.,2、具体事物,Describe a book that you think is interesting. Explain why this book is interesting to you. Include details and examples in your explanation.Code of Vinci is undoubtedly a ver
15、y interesting book which attracts a list of readers in the world. First, personally, I have to say that we can learn a lot about the western culture from this book, such as the religion, the Bible, the mysterious churches, the museums in Paris, and some other mysteries. Additionally，the whole story
16、in the book develops in a very logical and amazing way, full of mysteries and detective elements which keep my interest to know what happens next. It is really an attractive book.,综合口语Task 3听力部分的笔记应注意以下事项：(1) 对话通常为一男一女对阅读文章中的话题发表自己的看法。选择发表观点最直接最强烈的一方记录(2) 看法强烈的一方对文章中的问题可能表示赞成，也可能表示反对，并给出支持自己观点的两个理由，
17、考生要对此信息进行记录。,常用结构句式,1) 阅读部分复述时，第一句话要交代阅读内容的背景，一般以下列表达为主：The university is going to/has planned/has decided to., because.(原因一)，also. (原因二)In the announcement/notice, the university is going to., the first reason is., the second reason is.(2) 阅读部分介绍完毕，可以直接说明学生的态度，并自然过渡到听力内容。The woman/man totally agree
18、s with the universitys announcement/decision/policy.The man/woman is against/supporting.He/she feels unhappy/less satisfied about.She/he thinks the. is unfair/inconvenient/unaffordable for the following reasons.(3) 听力部分，当转述对话人所给出的两个理由时，可以用以下表达：First, she/he thinks/saysAlso, she/he points out that.,真
19、题练习,2009年2月28日,NarratorNow listen to two students as they discuss the opening letter.Man:Look! Thats great!Woman:What do you mean?Man:The school would make a good decision by following through on that students proposal.Woman:What is the proposal about?Man:Here you go: a letter in the newspaper state
20、s that the school should allocate funds to organize field trips for students. I believe this act will have a positive impact.Woman:Okay, please explain your idea a little bit further.,Man:Well, the school will definitely be doing a good thing in providing funds for this. Especially in spring and sum
21、mer, a lot of students enjoy taking nature walks. However, not all of them have transportation, making it difficult to take trips. Students living in the center of the city would find trips like that difficult to make. But with the transportation covered by the school, more students would be able to
22、 take a break from their studies and go on nature walks.Woman:You are right. Being out and about in nature is really refreshing, right?Man:Thats right. Spending all our time and energy on studying leads to exhaustion. Trips like these are good experiences for students, helping them to recharge their
23、 batteries and experience nature. When they come back, the students will be even more focused on their studies.Woman:Sure, definitely.,Sample Answer:A letter from a student suggested that the school should financially support a wilderness club for students because students need to get in touch with
24、nature and take a break from their studies. The man likes the proposal for the following reasons. Many students who want to take nature walks do not have proper transportation, making it too difficult for them to travel on field trips. But the free transport offered by the school will enable student
25、s to go on nature walks. After students are recharged from the trip, they will be able to concentrate more on their schoolwork.,综合口语task4答题思路回答这个问题的时候，考生需要试用来自听力和阅读材料的信息，并把教授在讲座中提到的例子和阅读文章中提出笼统的概念相练习。考生不需要一一列举出细节，但是提供的信息也是能够让没有听过讲座的人理解的。,常用句式结构In this set of materials, the reading passage describesa
26、nd the listening material is on the same topic. According to the lecture, the professor discusses the point that The professor talks about the theory that . He/she gives one/two examples to explain such a point The reading passage gives the definition of In the lecture, the professor goes on to demo
27、nstrate it by introducing some examples. The first is The second is From the reading material，we know thatTo demonstrate it，the speaker provides two examples/reasons/researches. One example is thatAnother example is that .,真题练习,2009年10月18日Opportunity costOpportunity cost is an economic phenomenon de
28、scribing the next-best choice available to someone who has picked between several mutually exclusive choices. The notion of opportunity cost plays a crucial part in ensuring that scarce resources are used efficiently. For example, there are many options in a scenario. When people with a fixed amount
29、 of money choose one of them and benefit from it, they must give up the benefits associated with other options.Narrator: M: welcome to my class. Youre in Macroeconomics. Today, were going to learn about an important economic concept known as opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the process of choos
30、ing one product or service over another. The item that you dont pick is the opportunity cost. It is assessed in not only monetary, but also material terms.,Even though people might not realize it, they use opportunity cost every single day. Here is an example. Many years ago, the school had two opti
31、ons in developing school infrastructure. One choice was to build a new swimming pool, because the school lacked one and students had to go all the way to the public pool downtown. The second option was construction of a new library, because the existing one was too small. In the end, the school deci
32、ded to build a swimming pool. While making this decision, the school considered both the cost and the opportunity cost of building the swimming pool. The opportunity cost in this case was the benefits the school would have received from building a new library. For instance, many students may not pre
33、fer a swimming pool and would have wanted a good environment for learning or doing research. The school would have to forego their interests if it wanted to build a swimming pool.,Question: the professor takes one example to illustrate the phenomenon of “opportunity cost”. Explain how this example i
34、s related to the reading passage. Preparation time: 30 secondsResponse time: 60 secondsSample answer:The lecture talks about opportunity cost, which is an economic phenomenon. It means the process and cost of choosing one thing over another. People use opportunity cost in their everyday lives, but m
35、ost of them might not be aware of it. For example, a school once had two options over whether to build a new swimming pool or a new library. After having considered the opportunity cost between the two options, the school decided to build a swimming pool. The cost in this case was the students benef
36、iting from having more books and a good environment for learning or conducting research from a new library.,2009年2月28日CompetenceIn psychology, competence is a standardized requirement for an individual to properly perform a specific job. It encompasses a combination of knowledge, skills and behavior
37、 utilized to improve performance. More generally, competence is the ability to perform a specific task, action or function successfully. Competence has two stages: the conscious and unconscious.Now listen to a lecture on this topic in an education psychology class.W: Both conscious competence and un
38、conscious competence are names for the two stages of competence or learning, which is an explanation of how people learn something. It progresses from developing a skill in an area but having to concentrate on it, to the second stage, in which people are so good at the skill that it just comes natur
39、ally. Ill explain the terms further to help you understand a little better.,understand a little better.Conscious competence refers to an individuals understanding or knowledge of doing something. However, demonstrating the skill or knowledge requires a great deal of conscious concentration. Heres an
40、 example: when you first start to learn typing on a computer keyboard, you have to work hard at hitting the right keys without being bothered by other things in order to get everything correct. Sometimes, you need to stop to talk with others. As a result, typing an article will take a long time, but
41、 you make few mistakes.However, when it comes to the stage of unconscious competence, an individual has mastered the skill so that it becomes second nature and can be performed easily, often without concentrating too deeply. Lets go back to the same example. You are typing an article, but this time
42、you dont have to think about where the keys are一you just type them automatically. Your typing speed is getting faster and faster, and youre able to talk to your friends without concentrating on the keyboard. Of course, typing errors may more frequently occur.,The professor takes one example to illus
43、trate the difference between the conscious and unconscious competence. explain how this example is related to the reading passage. Competence is the ability to perform a specific job well. It has two stages: the conscious and unconscious. Conscious competence is the first stage of learning which req
44、uires great concentration when demonstrating a skill. For example, when you start to learn typing, you have to concentrate on each key you hit. You dont want others to bother you and sometimes you have to stop when you talk to others. As a result though, your typing has few mistakes. However, when i
45、t comes to the second stage of learning, people have already mastered the skill and no longer concentrate as deeply. For r example, you dont have to look at the keyboard when you are typing an article because the skill has become second nature. So you can type faster than before and talk to your fri
46、ends at the same time. However, sometimes errors are more likely to occur.,思路分析在听力时应该留意听的有三点：（1）男生或者女生遇到了什么样的问题，记下最简洁的关键词（2）另外一个人提出的第一个意见和详细内容（3）提出的第二个意见和详细内容,综合口语Task 5,在准备时间里应该着重于选择倾向的一个建议，然后列出两个理由,常用结构句式首先概括听力里的内容，即遇到了什么样的问题及两个建议The man/woman has encountered a problem that.The problem of the man/
47、woman is that.The first advice given is. while the second is.The man/woman posed 2 advices, the first one is., the second one is.There are 2 possible ways to solve the problem.之后再提出个人的观点和理由I prefer the first/second advice for the following reasons that.The first/second one is more reasonable that.Th
48、e first/second one is better than the other, because.Although the first/second advice sounds reasonable, I believe that the other one is more suitable.,2009年10月18日ManHi, Mary. Summer is coming. Do you have any plans?WomanWell, Im about to apply for a summer job at a newspaper office. I wish I could
49、work for a newspaper after graduation.ManWow, it sounds like you have a good plan for your future.WomanBut the problem isI have to submit my application before the deadline, which is noon tomorrow. But the office is way too far from school, and I dont know if I can get there on time.ManOh, I underst
50、and. You probably want to drive there and deliver your application. I am sure you can submit your file before the deadline.,WomanHa, no doubt! But I just realized I have a review session tomorrow morning on campus. How could I make both at the same time?ManYeah, your schedule is tricky. Perhaps ther
