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1、Lesson 40,复习,语法,单词,课文,目 录,复习,01,单词,02,hostessn.女主人unsmilingadj.不笑的，严肃的tightadj.紧身的fixv.凝视globen.地球despairn.绝望,host1)n.待客的主人the host nation 东道国，主办国China is the host nation of the 2008 Olympic Games.中国是2008奥运会的主办国。,2) n.在上作主人，招待The Parwells are such good hosts.巴维尔一家非常热情好客。He acted as host to his fathe
2、rs friends.他作为主人招待他父亲的朋友。,3) n老板host 男主人 hostess 女主人,hospitality n好客，殷勤待客hostile adj敌意的，不友好的hostility n敌意，敌对,adj. 不笑的，严肃的反义词 smiling 微笑的，喜气洋洋的a smiling policeman 一个微笑的警察a smiling face 一个笑脸有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable/uncomfortabletrue/untruehappy/unhappy,unsmiling,smile1) n微笑，笑容，喜色force a sm
3、ile 强颜欢笑wear a smile 面带笑容a bitter smile苦笑2) v微笑smile at sb 对微笑smile on . 对表示赞成或鼓励She smiled at his threats. 她对他的威胁一笑置之。Fortune smiled on us. 我们交了好运。,laugh笑，发笑（笑出声）sneer 嗤笑，讥笑，轻蔑地笑grin咧着嘴笑，呲着牙笑ridicule 嘲弄，嘲笑=laugh at,tightadj. 1).紧的，紧张的You have been wearing those tight shoes for years. 你多年来一直都穿着那双很紧的
4、皮鞋。a tight schedule 紧凑的日程安排a tight match 势均力敌的比赛,反义词loose,2).adj.小气的，憋闷的He is tight with his money.他对钱是很吝啬的。Her throat was tight with fear 她因恐怖而感到喉咙堵塞。,tightenv. 使.紧反义词 loosentighten ones belt节约，节衣缩食Ive lost my job so I have to tighten my belt to make ends meet.我失业了，所以得节衣缩食来保持收支平衡。,tightadv. 紧紧地Hold
5、 me tight. 抱紧我。The new policeman held the gun very tight这个新来的警察紧紧地握着枪。,fix,a. 修理 =repairI must get the radio fixed.我必须请人把收音机修好。 b. 使固定 He fixed the picture on the wall.他把画固定在墙上。 The chair was fixed next to the desk.椅子被固定在桌子旁边。,fix,fix sth on.把.安装在.上fix ones eyes on/upon盯着.看fix ones attention on/upon
6、全神贯注在.上,c. 使集中；盯着看 fix ones eyes/attention on/upon 使集中；盯着看；注意；注视It fixed its eyes on your bowl.它眼睛盯着碗看。,stare 睁大眼睛凝视（含有“惊奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思）glare 怒视，恶狠狠地盯着 glare at sb/sthglance瞥一眼， 看一下gaze 目不转睛地看（含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思）look at 看,fix其他用法Lets fix a time for the group meeting.咱们给小组会议定个时间吧。My watch has stopp
7、ed. It needs fixing.我的表停了，需要修修了。I am trying to fix the dinner for the guests.我在尽力给客人们做好晚饭。,fix up 安排；解决；给安排住处,We have to fix up a time to meet.我们必须安排一个时间见面。 Weve fixed up our little differences.我们已经解决了我们之间的小矛盾。 Ill fix you up for the night.今晚我会安排你住处的。,globe n球，球状物；地球(earth);地球仪all over the globe 全世界
8、global adj. 全球的, 环球的a global tour 环球旅行globalize v. 使全球化globalization n. 全球化,despairv. 使.失望，失望于.During the war, the soldiers despaired of coming back home.战时，士兵们已经放弃了回家的希望。Havent you despaired of his attitude？难道你对他的态度不失望吗？n失望He left his hometown in despair.他绝望的离开了故乡。despairing adj. 绝望的despairingly ad
9、v.绝望地drive a person to despair /throw a person to despair使某人陷入绝望,in despair=despairingly,Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.,at a dinner party / a meeting / a wedding / a concert在一次宴会上/再一次会议上/在一个婚礼上/在演唱会,next to挨着既可以表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着Who was the man sitting
10、 next to you during the meeting?开会时坐在你旁边的那人是谁？Theres a shop next to our house.我们家房子边上有一家商店。,next to, beside, at, by, close to, near, next door, nearby, around等都可以表达“在附近”The man next to me was talking loudly.坐在我旁边的那个男人在大声喧哗。They used to live next door to the prison.他们过去住在监狱的隔壁。They are standing at th
11、e window.他们就站在窗前。They sang songs by the campfire.他们围着篝火在唱歌。How near is the subway station to here？地铁站离这里有多远？Is there a shop nearby？附近有商店吗？,She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.,look up查阅，好转，仰视，看望You can look up this word in the vocabulary.你可以在词汇表里查这个词。When looking up suddenly, Hen
12、ry saw a rainbow in the sky.亨利突然举目仰视时，发现天空有一道彩虹。Look me up next time.下次一定要来看我。,She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.,look up look for look afterlook around look forward tolook out look out of,take ones seat 在指定的位置上就座take a seat表示坐下，比sit要正式Please take a seat.请坐。take ones seat 表示位置事
13、先已安排好After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.大家各自就座后，会议/宴会便开始了。,She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.,Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating.,fix最常用的意思为“使固定”、“安装”She fixed a handle on the door.她在门上安了个把手。fix on的含义之一为“使（目光
14、、注意力等）集中于”、“盯着”He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldnt understand a word.他的眼睛盯着那本书，但他一个字儿也没看懂。,be busy（in）doing忙于做某事=be busy withsthHes busy striking a pose in front of reporters.他忙着在一堆记者前面摆姿势呢。,Sebastian is busy cooking the dinner.赛巴斯酱正忙着准备晚餐。,They are busy (in) repairing the car.他们正忙着修车。Were
15、 all busy with the performance.我们都在忙着演出。,I tried to make conversation.,make conversation攀谈 make & do make a) make可以用来表示 “创造”、 “制作” 和 “产生、生产” God made the world. 上帝创造了世界。 Bread is made from flour. 面包是由面粉制作的。 Dont make so much noise. 不要弄出那么大的声音。,b) 用作使役动词，表示 “使(cause)”多用于 make + 宾语 + 动词原形”结构The sun ma
16、kes the plants grow. 阳光使得植物生长。,c) 作出（某种举动），和某些名词连用时，意义上等于相应的动词,make an effort make a reply make a decision make progress make a promise make a poem make a plan make money make a speech,make the bed make ones fortune make trouble make a mistake make a journey/trip make friends make up ones mind,do a)
17、与make一样，do也可以用于一些固定说法，它的含义比make要更笼统一些,do the room do the dishes do ones hair do ones nails do ones teeth do ones best do ones duty do sb a favour do odd jobs do business do a painting,b) do(+ some/the)+ 动名词 do the cleaning do shopping do the washing-up do some reading,We did all our shopping yesterd
18、ay.我们昨天把东西都买了。I do a lot of swimming.我常常游泳。I did some reading this afternoon.今天下午我读了点书。,词义辨析conversation, dialogue, talk, chat这些名词均含“交谈”之意conversation：一般用词，指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。dialogue：指对话talk：普通用词，可与 conversation换用，指正式交谈。chat：指熟人之间非常随便的交谈，强调谈话的亲密和非正式性。, A new play is coming to The Globe soon, I said.W
19、ill you be seeing it ,The Globe环球剧场，伦敦著名的剧场之一 A new play is coming.现在进行时表示接近的将来，即将会.Will you be seeing it? 用将来进行时来提问，尤其是提出问题但又不想迫使对方作出明确答复时，将来进行时可以显得比一般将来时will更委婉客气。,语法,03,真实条件句,非真实条件句,If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.,条件句是指一种表示假设的主从复合句一般是由连词if引导的条件状语从句引出某种假设，再由主句表示基于这种假设下的反馈常译为如果或假如那么.,引导词
20、,1. if conj . 如果，假如If you ask him，he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 2. unless conj. 除非, 若不, 除非在的时候 （if .not.）You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。 Unless it rains, the game will be played.
21、除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。,引导词,3. so/as long as conj. 只要 You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。,如果主句用的是一般将来时，if 引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时I will visit my grandmother if I am free. 如果主句是祈使句，从句也常用一般现在时Lets go shopping if you are not busy. 如果主句含有情态动词，从句一般也用一般现在时You must be careful if you g
22、o swimming in the river.,时态,语序,if引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句前面，常用逗号隔开；也可以放在主句的后面。,如果你不快点的话，就要迟到了。If you dont hurry, you will be late. = You will be late if you dont hurry.,转换,“祈使句+and (or)+陈述句” 在意义上相当于一个含有条件状语从句的复合句如果你不快点的话，就要迟到了。If you dont hurry up, youll be late.=Hurry up, or youll be late.“if+否定句”相当于“unless
23、+肯定句”如果我没叫你的话，你千万别进来。Dont come in if I dont call you. = Dont come in unless I call you.,练习,1. If you _ to the party, youll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going2. Ill wake you up when he _back.A. will B. is going to come C. comes D. come3. What will father _ us from Japan? A. take B.
24、bring C. carry D. make 4. Weifang is famous _ kites A. for B. to C. on D. with5. I _ her the answer if she _me. A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks,6. -What are you going to do tomorrow? -Well go to the library tomorrow if it _. A. isnt rain B. rain C.
25、wont rain D. doesnt rain7. -Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? -Sorry, I dont know. When he _ back, Ill tell you. A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 8. What will you do if you _ to the old folks home?A. go B. went C. going D. will go,9. If I eat _ food, Ill be very fat.A. too many B
26、. many too C. too much D. much too10. Ill give the book to him if he _ here next Sunday.A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came11. There _an English film in our school tomorrow.A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. has12. Could you tell us where _？A. will the next Olympic Games he
27、ld B. the next Olympic Games will be heldC. would the next Olympic Games be held D. the next Olympic Games would be held,Young man, she answered, if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!,if 如果,条件状语从句,主将从现,If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.If you ate more and talked le
28、ss, we would both enjoy our dinner.,从句 过去时,主句 过去将来时,非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）,条件句是指一种表示假设的主从复合句一般是由连词if引导的条件状语从句引出某种假设，再由主句表示基于这种假设下的反馈常译为如果或假如那么.,条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句真实条件句：陈述语气，主将从现/主情从现非真实条件句：虚拟语气,条件句,表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，谓语动词有三种形式。,非真实条件句,非真实条件句,如果他现在在这里的话，我就问他这件事。If he were here n
29、ow, we would ask him about it.如果他当时吃了药的话，他会觉得好多了。If he had taken the medicine, he would have felt much better.如果我们的火车明天准时到了，我们应该花点时间去看看你姐姐。If our train were to arrive on time tomorrow, we should have time to visit your sister.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,if引导的条件状语从句可以是现实生活中己经出现的真实事件或有可能出现的事情，发生的可能性较大。虚拟
30、语气所引导的往往是非真实的，对于过去，现在或将来的虚拟或推断，发生的可能性较小，或已经不可能发生了。如何区分？,if引导的真实条件句与虚拟条件句的区别,1. 时态A. 由if引导的条件状语从句通常都是主句为一般将来时，从句为一般现在时。B. 而在虚拟语气中，时态都是有很多，往往都是根据句子的含义判断究竟是与现在，过去还是将来的事实相反。,2. 真实与非真实A. 由if引导的条件状语从句一般都是真实的，只要所谓的条件成立，一定会成为事实。If you dont hurry up, youll be late. 如果你不快点，你就会迟到。B. 虚拟语气并非如此，一定是非真实的，发生可能性很小，多为
31、假设。We would have called you, if we had known your number.如果我当时知道你的号码，我会打电话给你的。,课文,04,Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were
32、fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.,A new play is coming to The Globe soon, I said. Will you be seeing it? No, she answered. Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year? I asked. No, she answered. Will you be staying in England? I asked. No, she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. Young man, she answered, if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!,Thanks,2018,
