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1、Lesson 62 After the fire,control 1. n. 控制，管理control of/over sb/ sth 控制，支配be in control of = be in charge of 管理，控制eg. Who is in control of this plan ?be under control 某事在控制之中Everything is in control.一切都在掌控之中。be out of control 失去控制The children were out of control.,Key words expressions,2. v. 管理，控制，操纵，
2、支配control sb / sth I cant control my emotions.我不能控制自己的感情。controller n. 负责人,smoke 1. n. 烟There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪 end up in smoke / go up in smoke (计划等）成泡影，化为乌有2. v. 吸烟No smoking ! 禁止吸烟smoker 吸烟的人 3. v. 冒烟A smoking volcano 冒烟的火山,desolate 1. adj. 荒凉的，（指人）凄凉无人的a desolate industrial area工业废墟
3、We all felt extremly desolate when she left. 2.v. 使.沦为废墟，使悲伤绝望，（尤用于被动语态）This is a city which is desolated by civil war desolation n.(u) 荒凉，孤寂The desolation caused by war.,threaten 1. v. 恐吓，威胁threaten sb with. 以.威胁（人）The robber threatened him with a gun . 强盗用枪威胁他。threaten to do 恐吓说要做某事eg. He threaten
4、ed to make the photo public.他威胁说要把照片公之于众2. v. 有.的预兆（将要发生不太好的事）A typhoon is threatening.台风迫近threat n. 恐吓，威胁an empty threat 虚张声势,surround v. 围绕，包围The wall surrounds the jail .The jail is surrounded by the wall.监狱被高墙所包围.surrounding adj. 周围的the surrounding villages 周围的村庄Beijing and the surrounding contr
5、yside 北京及其近郊surroundings (pl.) n. 周围的物体，环境，条件等Id like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.,destruction n. (u) 毁坏，破坏the storm caused great destruction 暴风造成了巨大的损坏destructive adj. 毁灭性的a destructive earthquake 毁灭性的地震The missile has great destuctive power. 导弹有毁灭性的力量destroy v. 破坏，毁坏The fire destr
6、oyed the wholeforest . 大火毁掉了整片森林destroyer n. 驱逐舰，破坏者,flood 1. n. 水灾，洪水the Flood （Bible中上帝惩罚人类的）洪水before the Flood 远古时代（源自圣经旧约创世纪）We wont forget the terrible flood in China in 1998. 2. n. 多，大量， 大批a flood of letters 大量的信件the child is in floods of tears 小孩哭成泪人了 3. v. 淹没，泛滥The river has flooded the surr
7、ounding area. 这条河淹没了附近的地区,4. v. 人群涌到（某场所），（声音，光）充满（某地方）Japanese cars have flooded the Ametican market.日本车充斥着美国市场Requests for information flooded to the office. 索取资料的信函大量涌入办公室,authority 1. n. 官方，当局（pl.）the school authorities 学校当局2. n. (u) 权威，全力President is of great authority .总统拥有至高无上的权利 3. n. (c) 权威
8、人士，来源She is an authority on Spanish. 她是西班牙语的权威。authorize v. 授权给He authorized the man as chairman.,grass-seed 草籽grass 1. n. 草feed grass to cows 喂牛吃草2. n. 草地keep off the grass 请勿践踏草地seed 1. n. (c) 种子flower seeds2. n. (c) 根本，原因His sudden death sowed seeds of trouble in his family. 他的猝然辞世给家族埋下了纠纷的祸根,spr
9、ay 1. v. 喷洒，喷.于Spray paint on the furniture. 给家具喷上漆A farmer sprayed his crops with pesticide. 一位农民给他的庄家喷洒杀虫剂2. n. 喷雾器，喷液an insect spray 喷液杀虫剂,quantity 1. n. u/c 数目，数量a large quantity 大量的 可以修饰可数名词，不可数名词，谓语动词用单数eg. A small quantity of furniture is painted blue. 少量家具被涂成蓝色了A large quantity of people is
10、needed here.century n. 世纪the 20th century (公元1900-1999)at the turn of the century 在世纪之交We have entered the 21st century.我们已经进入了21世纪,root 同音词 ：route 路线1. n. c 根the root of a tree 树根pull up a plant by the roots 连根拔起2. n. 根源，原因the root cause of sth 根本原因the root of the problem 问题的根源Money is the root of
11、all evil. put down new roots 在新的地方立足3. v. 使.生根，使.扎根Does this plant root easily ?这种植物容易生根吗？,atch 1. n. 补丁，布片pants full of patches. 打满补丁的裤子2. n. 小块，小片patches of green 小块小块的绿色patches of sunlight 斑驳的阳光3. n. 小块地a vegetable patch 小菜园4. v. 修补She patched the hole in the trousers.她修补了裤子上的洞,balcken v. 使变黑，使变暗
12、，变黑，损害，诽谤以-en结尾的动词还有：tighten , loosen , whiten , deepen , darken, broaden, shorten, quicken, worsen, thicken.-en与表示或描述性质或状态的名词、形容词结合，构成动词，描述使某物具有特定性质或处于特定状态的活动过程。,Lesson 62,Key structures,过去完成进行时：had been +现在分词表示过去某时以前一直进行的一个动作It had been raining for two days. 雨一直下了两天。They had only been waiting for
13、the bus a fewmoments when it came.他们只等了一会车就来了,1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. fight a good fight 打了一场漂亮的仗win a fight 赢了一场战斗lose a fight 输了一场战斗get . under control 使.在控制之中,2、A short time before, great trees had covered the coun
14、tryside for miles around. a short time beforea short while before 不久之前great trees 参天大树cover v. 掩盖，遮掩，遮盖be covered with 被.覆盖Our apple trees are covered with fruit. 我们的苹果树果实累累。,3、Now, smoke still rose up from thewarm ground cover the desolate hills. rise up from 从.升起rise to ones feet 站起身来rise to a hei
15、ght of 200 meters 上升到200米的高度The rise and fall of the Roman Empire. 罗马帝国的兴衰,4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. come on 开始，来临，用于指时间、季节等自然情况的出现。It came on to
16、rain = The rain came on for 因为（比较正式的说法）补充说明的理由，可以引导原因状语从句I caught a cold, for I had been walking around in the rain . 表示原因的从句是重点,for + n. 为了. 因为.的理由She was angry with him for being late. being late 动名词短语，做介词for 的宾语He jumps for joy at the news. 听到这个消息，他高兴的蹦了起来not only. but.as well= not only . but als
17、o For heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but also would cause serious floods.,5.When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. which 引导定语从句，修饰a special type of grass-seedorder 1. v. 命令，指令，吩咐order
18、 sb to do sth 命令某人做某事2. v. 订购，预定We dont have the book in stock but we can order it. 这书我们没有存货，但是可以预定,3. v. (在饭店，旅馆) 叫(饭菜，饮料等)I have ordered a steak.I have ordered you eggs and chips. order sb off （在体育比赛中） 罚.退场，勒令.退出比赛order sb out 下令出动警力（平息暴乱等）,6. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantitie
19、s by aeroplanes. in huge quantities 大量的was sprayed .by. 被动语态,7. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain . had been planting 过去完成进行时（在过去的这个月里一直在播撒种子）plant seed / sow seed 播种,8. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken roots. by then 到那时为止，文中搭配的是过
20、去完成时had already taken roots. take root 生根，扎根,9. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil. in place of +n./ pron. / doing 代替eg. Can you go in place of me ?你能代替我去吗？in place 恰当的，在适当的位置上I like to have everything in place.我喜欢样样事都适得其所。out of place 不适当，不得其所Her dress was out of place at the ceremony .她的着装与仪式格格不入patches of green 一片片绿色,See you!,
