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1、Chapter 5,B2B E-Commerce,Chapter 5,0,1,Learning Objectives,Describe the B2B field.Describe the major types of B2B models.Discuss the characteristics of the sell-side marketplace, including auctions.Describe the sell-side models.Describe the characteristics of the buy-side marketplace and e-procureme
2、nt.Explain how reverse auctions work in B2B.,Chapter 5,2,Learning Objectives,Describe B2B aggregation and group purchasing models.Describe other procurement methods.Define exchanges and describe their major types.Describe B2B portals.Describe third-party exchanges.Describe partner relationship manag
3、ement (PRM).,Chapter 5,3,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,BASIC B2B CONCEPTSbusiness-to-business e-commerce (B2B EC)Transactions between businesses conducted electronically over the Internet, extranets, intranets, or private networks; also known as eB2B (electronic B2B) or just B2B.,C
4、hapter 5,4,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,Chapter 5,5,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,THE BASIC TYPES OF B2B TRANSACTIONS AND ACTIVITIESSell-side Buy-sideExchangesSupply chain improvements and collaborative commerce,Chapter 5,6,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models o
5、f B2B EC,Chapter 5,7,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,THE BASIC TYPES OF B2B E-MARKETPLACES AND SERVICESOne-to-Many and Many-to-One: Private E-Marketplacescompany-centric ECE-commerce that focuses on a single companys buying needs (many-to-one, or buy-side) or selling needs (one-to-ma
6、ny, or sell-side).private e-marketplacesMarkets in which the individual sell-side or buy-side company has complete control over participation in the selling or buying transaction.,Chapter 5,8,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,Many-to-Many: Exchangesexchanges (trading communities or tra
7、ding exchanges)Many-to-many e-marketplaces, usually owned and run by a third party or a consortium, in which many buyers and many sellers meet electronically to trade with each other.public e-marketplacesThird-party exchanges open to all interested parties (sellers and buyers).Supply Chain Improvers
8、 and Collaborative Commerce,Chapter 5,9,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,B2B CHARACTERISTICSParties to the Transaction: Sellers, Buyers, and Intermediariesonline intermediaryAn online third party that brokers a transaction online between a buyer and a seller; may be virtual or click-a
9、nd-mortar.,Chapter 5,10,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,Types of Transactionsspot buyingThe purchase of goods and services as they are needed, usually at prevailing market prices.strategic (systematic) sourcingPurchases involving long-term contracts that usually are based on private
10、negotiations between sellers and buyers.,Chapter 5,11,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,Types of Materials Tradeddirect materialsMaterials used in the production of a product (e.g., steel in a car or paper in a book).indirect materialsMaterials used to support production (e.g., office
11、supplies or light bulbs).MRO (maintenance, repair, and operation)Indirect materials used in activities that support production.,Chapter 5,12,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,Direction of Tradevertical marketplacesMarkets that deal with one industry or industry segment (e.g., steel, ch
12、emicals).horizontal marketplacesMarkets that concentrate on a service, material, or a product that is used in all types of industries (e.g., office supplies, PCs).,Chapter 5,13,Concepts, Characteristics, and Models of B2B EC,SUPPLY CHAIN RELATIONSHIPS IN B2BVIRTUAL SERVICE INDUSTRIES IN B2BTHE BENEF
13、ITS OF B2B,Chapter 5,14,One-to-Many: Sell-side E-Marketplaces,SELL-SIDE MODELS AND ACTIVITIESsell-side e-marketplaceA Web-based marketplace in which one company sells to many business buyers from e-catalogs or auctions, frequently over an extranet.B2B SellersCustomer Service,Chapter 5,15,One-to-Many
14、: Sell-side E-Marketplaces,Chapter 5,16,One-to-Many: Sell-side E-Marketplaces,DIRECT SALES FROM CATALOGSConfiguration and CustomizationBenefits and Limitations of Direct Sales from CatalogsDIRECT SALES: THE EXAMPLE OF CISCO SYSTEMS,Chapter 5,17,Selling Via Intermediaries and Distributors,Manufacture
15、rs frequently use intermediaries to distribute their products to a large number of buyers. The intermediaries (known as distributors) usually buy products from many vendors and aggregate them into one catalog from which they sell.,Chapter 5,18,Selling Via Auctions,USING AUCTIONS ON THE SELL SIDEReve
16、nue generationCost savingsIncreased “stickiness”Member acquisition and retention,Chapter 5,19,Selling Via Auctions,AUCTIONING FROM THE COMPANYS OWN SITEUSING INTERMEDIARIES IN AUCTIONSEXAMPLES OF B2B FORWARD AUCTION,Chapter 5,20,One-from-Many: Buy-Side E-Marketplaces and E-Procurement,buy-side e-mar
17、ketplaceA corporate-based acquisition site that uses reverse auctions, negotiations, group purchasing, or any other e-procurement method.,Chapter 5,21,One-from-Many: Buy-Side E-Marketplaces and E-Procurement,PROCUREMENT METHODSe-sourcinge-tendering e-reverse auctioninge-informing Web-based ERP (elec
18、tronic resource planning) e-MRO (maintenance, repair, and operating),Chapter 5,22,One-from-Many: Buy-Side E-Marketplaces and E-Procurement,INEFFICIENCIES IN TRADITIONAL PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENTProcurement managementThe planning, organizing, and coordinating of all the activities relating to purchasing
19、 goods and services needed to accomplish the organizations mission.maverick buyingUnplanned purchases of items needed quickly, often at higher prices, not pre-negotiated.,Chapter 5,23,One-from-Many: Buy-Side E-Marketplaces and E-Procurement,THE GOALS AND BENEFITS OF E-PROCUREMENTe-procurementThe ele
20、ctronic acquisition of goods and services for organizations.,Chapter 5,24,One-from-Many: Buy-Side E-Marketplaces and E-Procurement,Chapter 5,25,One-from-Many: Buy-Side E-Marketplaces and E-Procurement,Chapter 5,26,Buy-Side E-Marketplaces: Reverse Auctions,request for quote (RFQ)The “invitation” to p
21、articipate in a tendering (bidding) system.CONDUCTING REVERSE AUCTIONSE-Tendering by GovernmentsGROUP REVERSE AUCTIONS,Chapter 5,27,Buy-Side E-Marketplaces: Reverse Auctions,Chapter 5,28,Other E-Procurement Methods,internal procurement marketplaceThe aggregated catalogs of all approved suppliers com
22、bined into a single internal electronic catalog.Benefits of Internal Marketplacesdesktop purchasingDirect purchasing from internal marketplaces without the approval of supervisors and without the intervention of a procurement department.,Chapter 5,29,Other E-Procurement Methods,BUYING AT E-AUCTIONSg
23、roup purchasingThe aggregation of orders from several buyers into volume purchases so that better prices can be negotiated.Internal AggregationExternal Aggregation,Chapter 5,30,Other E-Procurement Methods,Chapter 5,31,Other E-Procurement Methods,BUYING FROM E-DISTRIBUTORSPURCHASING DIRECT GOODSELECT
24、RONIC BARTERINGbartering exchangeAn intermediary that links parties in a barter; a company submits its surplus to the exchange and receives points of credit, which can be used to buy the items that the company needs from other exchange participants.,Chapter 5,32,B2B Electronic Exchanges: Definitions
25、 and Concepts,Chapter 5,33,B2B Electronic Exchanges: Definitions and Concepts,dynamic pricingA rapid movement of prices over time and possibly across customers, as a result of supply and demand matching.FUNCTIONS OF EXCHANGESMatching buyers and sellersFacilitating transactionsMaintaining exchange po
26、licies and infrastructure,Chapter 5,34,B2B Electronic Exchanges: Definitions and Concepts,Chapter 5,35,B2B Electronic Exchanges: Definitions and Concepts,Revenue Models of ExchangesTransaction feesFee for serviceMembership feesAdvertising feesOther revenue sourcesB2B portalsInformation portals for b
27、usinesses.vortalsB2B portals that focus on a single industry or industry segment; “vertical portals”.,Chapter 5,36,B2B Portals, Directories, and Trading Exchanges,THIRD-PARTY AND DIRECTORIES EXCHANGESconsortium trading exchange (CTE)An exchange formed and operated by a group of major companies in an
28、 industry to provide industry-wide transaction services.,Chapter 5,37,Partner and Supplier Relationship Management,partner relationship management (PRM)Business strategy that focuses on providing comprehensive quality service to business partners.E-COMMUNITIES AND PRM,Chapter 5,38,Managerial Issues,
29、Can we justify the cost of B2B applications? Which vendor(s) should we select?Which B2B model(s) should we use?What are the ethical issues in B2B?Will there be massive disintermediation?How can trust and loyalty be cultivated in B2B?Will joining an exchange force restructuring?Which exchange to join
30、?What are the benefits and risks of joining an exchange?,Chapter 5,39,Summary,The B2B field.The major B2B models.The characteristics of sell-side marketplaces.Sell-side intermediaries.The characteristics of buy-side marketplaces and e-procurement.B2B reverse auctions.,Chapter 5,40,Summary,B2B aggreg
31、ation and group purchasing.Other procurement methods.E-marketplaces and exchanges defined and the major types of exchanges.B2B portals.Third-party exchanges.Good relationship with business partners is critical to the success of B2B.,Chapter 5,41,All rights reserved. No part of this publication may b
32、e reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.,Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall,Chapter 5,
