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1、一单原子离子1正离子Cu+ copper()Cu2+ copper()2负离子 -ideSulfide S2-Nitride N3-Oxide O2-氟fluorine F- fluoride氯chlorine Cl- chloride溴 bromine Br- bromide,二多原子离子1 -ate -iteNO3- nitrate CO32- carbonate NO2- nitrite OH- hydroxideSO42- sulfate SO32- sulfiteHCO3- hydrogen carbonateHSO4- hydrogen sulfateH2PO43- dihydro
2、gen phosphate,2Fewest Oxygen Atoms hypoiteFewer Oxygen Atoms iteMore Oxygen Atoms ateMost Oxygen Atoms per ateClO- hypochloriteClO2- chloriteClO3- chlorateClO4- perchlorate,三 两种元素组成的化合物FeO iron( II ) oxide (ferrous oxide)Fe2O3 iron( III ) oxide (ferric oxide)SnCl4 tin(IV) chloridePbO2 lead(IV) oxide
3、金属氢化物一般命名规则：金属名hydrideCaH2 calcium hydride NaH sodium hydride,非金属氢化物一般命名规则：hydrogen+非金属+ideHCl hydrogen chlorideH2S hydrogen sulfide (sulphide)HF hydrogen fluorideSiC silicon carbide,非金属氧化物命名：非金属名n-oxide(l)mono- (2)di- (3)tri- (4)tetra- (5)penta- (6) hexa- (7)hepata- (8)octa- (9)nona- (10)deca- CO c
4、arbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxideNO2 nitrogen dioxide N2O4 nitrogen tetraoxide Cl2O7 dichlorine heptaoxideClO2 chlorine dioxide SF4 sulfur tetrafluoride SF6 sulfur hexafluorideCrO2 chromium dioxide CrO3 chromium trioxide,四、 三种以上元素组成的化合物碱的一般命名规则：金属名（化合价）hydroxideSn(OH)2 tin() hydroxideSn(OH)4 tin(IV)
5、 hydroxide盐的一般命名规则：金属名（化合价）酸根名Hg2SO4 mercury() sulfateHgSO4 mercury () sulfateFeSO4 iron() sulfateFe2(SO4)3 iron( ) sulfate,NaClO sodium hypochloriteNaClO4 sodium perchlorateKClO3NaHCO3,含结晶水的 hydrate水合物， unhydrous无水的，不含水的CuSO45H2O copper (II) sulfate pentahydrateCuSO4 unhydrous copper (II) sulfate N
6、aCO310H2O,五 无机酸1不含氧酸 hydro- -ic acideHCl hydrochloric acidHF hydrofluoric acidHBr hydrobromic acidH2S hydrosulfuric acid,2含氧酸-ic 正酸 把负离子的-ate变为-ic，后边加acidHNO3 nitric acidH2SO4 sulfuric acidH3PO4-ous 亚酸 把负离子的-ite变为-ous，后边加acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid,3per- 高某酸 hypo- 次某酸 HClO4 perchloric acid HClO hypochlorous acid,
