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1、Abstract,Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account
2、of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acous
3、tic and thermalenvironments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartm
4、ent of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exteriorphysical living environment.,Key words,Key words: Landscape design, Green community
5、, Green building, Exterior physical environment,catalogue,1 Introduction,2 Greening design,3 Luminous environment of residential areas,4 Acoustic environment of residential area,6 Discussion,5 Thermal environment of residential areas,7 Conclusions,Analysis of data from climate monitoring over the pa
6、st 100 years shows that human activities are largely responsible for climate change. In view of the relatively inadequate resources per capita and weak foundations of the ecological environment,the,1 Introduction,promotion and implementation of the conception of sustainable development are of great
7、urgency in China. Few publications address landscape designmethods from the point of view of green buildings.This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design from a green building perspective based on results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decre
8、ases and effects on ventilation.,2 Greening design,Ecological environmental design is concerned mainly with the amount of greening, the green ecological quality and the biological symbiosis of construction.2.1 Amount of greeningThe Green Building Evaluation Standards in China require a greening rate
9、 of residential area of not less than 30% and the public greening area per capita of not less than 1 m2.2.2 Green ecological quality plant landscapes with rich levels plant landscapes with distinguishing features favorable ecological benefits show local characteristics2.3 Organic symbiosis of buildi
10、ngsThe following configuration principles should be taken into account in landscape design:1. Select plants suited to local conditions；2. Functional priority；3. Harmony and unification,3 Luminous environment of residential areas,It is necessary to achieve harmony between the ecological environment a
11、nd living conditions in landscape design. A reasonable configuration of plants is required based on the heliophilicity of plants for a healthy development in accordance with different sunshine and shading conditions in various residential areas undergoing planning and construction.3.1 Project introd
12、uctionLocated in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the faculty apartment covers an area of 34155 m2 in a construction area of about 90 888 m2 .There are a total of 10 high-rise residential buildings and two underground garages.3.2 Simulation of the luminous environment of the residential commu
13、nityHangzhou City is located on the eastern coast,daily sunshine averages 5.4 h and reaches a maximum in summer.The exterior environment of the residential area is divided into four types: sunny areas,semi-sunny areas, semi-shady areas, and shady areas.3.3 Use of luminous environment analysis for gu
14、iding plant cultivationDifferent types of plants should be cultivated in areas with various luminous environments.Suitable plants are arranged based on plant characteristic(Table 1).,4 Acoustic environment of residential area,The acoustic environment of a residential area isclosely associated with r
15、esidential health and comfort.The Green Building Evaluation Standards state thatresidential environment noises should meet the requirements of the Acoustic Environment QualityStandards (GB 3096-2008) (Table 2).4.1 Project introductionHuaqing Villa is located in Dingjia Village at the southern foot o
16、f Mount Linping, Hangzhou, China.Since these two main roads go through the community, a noise reduction forest is planted to offset the possible effect of vehicles on noise in the surrounding residential buildings.The parameters set for simulation of all the road sections are shown in Table 3.4.2 Si
17、mulation of the acoustic environment of the communityThe CADNA/A environmental noise simulation software was adopted for the simulation and the modeling was based on a planning and design diagram.,4 Acoustic environment of residential area,4.2.1 General analysis of the current noise condition of the
18、 community4.2.2 Analysis of noise surrounding the community4.2.3 Analysis of the internal noise of the community4.3 Use of acoustic environment analysis for guiding plant cultivationThe standard protection forest design of Huaqing Villa is shown in Fig. 7. The influence of road noise within the comm
19、unity has been taken into account completely. The plant design of the Huaqing Villa Community is shown in Fig. 8.,Table13,5 Thermal environment of residential areas,The comfort of the exterior thermal environment of residential areas is also significant and associated with the residentshealth.5.1 Pr
20、oject introductionLocated in the northern Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University Zijingang Road to the west and the students dormitory to the south. The site covers a total area of 125000 m 2 . There are a total of 23 high-rise residential buildings, each of which is about 30 m high.5.2 Simulation
21、analysis of the wind environment of the communityAs it is stated in the national Green Building Evaluation Standards that the pedestrian wind speed should be lower than 5 m/s surrounding buildings so that it will not influence the comfort of outdoor activities and building ventilation,the standard f
22、or wind environment comfort was as follows: average wind speed 5 m/s at 1.5 m high.,5 Thermal environment of residential areas,5.3 Wind environment improvement measures The results of simulation indicate that the wind environment in most of the pedestrian areas meets the requirements. But the wind s
23、peed in some parts exceeds 5 m/s. Therefore, the wind resistance of plants should be emphasized in the landscape design in future to enhance the wind environment. 5.4 Analysis of the heat island effect of the community,The detailed rules for Green Building Evaluation Techn-ology requires that the av
24、erage daily outdoor heat islan-d intensit should not be higher than1.5 C in residential areas.The results of wind simulation indicate that the outdoor wind speed of the community in summer is not lower than 0.2 m/s and meets the requirement of a heat island intensity of lower than 1.5 C.The greening
25、 configuration of Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment is shown in Fig. 11.,6 Discussion,A series of recommendations and measures with respect to landscape design have been summarized through the case analysis in this study and need to be emphasized and accomplished at every step in the design process.
26、6.1 Plant diversity configurationPlant diversity is beneficial to ecological circulation and balance.It facilitates the improvement of space utilization in green land and provides a desirable living environment for creatures.Considering factors such as summer ventilation,a reasonable green space con
27、figuration should be1(tree/plant):6(shrubs/plants):20 (lawn/m2 ):29 (green/m2 ).,6 Discussion,6.2 Distribution of plants based on the luminous environment1. Exterior luminous environment zoning 2. Building operating conditions 3. Landscape conditions6.3 Contribution of plants to noise control1.Plant
28、 selection 2.Arrangement method 3.Plant arrangement in key positions6.4 Improvement of the thermal environment by plants1.Appropriate wind environment 2.Improvement of air quality by plant 3.Improvement of heat island effect by plants,7 Conclusions,A series of design flows and operation methods are
29、proposed to provide a comprehensive and scientific landscape design plan to achieve optimization of the exterior physical living environment of green residential areas. The plan is based on plant diversity configuration evaluation, luminous environment simulation for plant zoning, acoustic environment simulation for noise control, and thermal environment simulation,and will form a basis for climate improvement in the landscape design of green residential areas.,
