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1、句子成分与五种简单句,句子成分与五种简单句,句子成分,Period 1 ：什么是句子成分？,句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。,句子成分Period 1 ：什么是句子成分？句子成分的定义,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,定语,补语,表语,句子的成分,主语谓语宾语状语定语补语表语句子的成分,例句分析：I met my best friend Tom at school yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,句子成分,Period 1 ：什么是句子成分？,拓展延伸【同位语】：
2、一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.,例句分析：I met my best friend Tom,动作的发出者，执行动作的主体。,主语一般位于_。,句首,句子成分,Period 2 ：什么是主语？,动作的发出者，执行动作的主体。 主语 su,I have a dream.我有一个梦想。,Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。,Seven is my lucky number.七是我的幸运数字。,名词,代词,数词,充当主语的成分,I have a dream. Walls have
3、 ear,Swimming can make you healthy.游泳有益于健康。,动名词,Talking is easier than doing.说起来容易做起来难。,充当主语的成分,Swimming can make you healthy.,充当主语的成分,不定式,To clean the window is your duty.擦窗户是你的任务。To stay up too late is bad for you.熬夜对你身体不好。,It is your duty to clean the window.,It is bad for you to stay up too late
4、.,it 形式主语,充当主语的成分,充当主语的成分 不定式To clean the,主语,名词,代词,动名词,不定式,数词,从句,It 形式主语,充当主语的成分,充当主语的成分,主语名词代词动名词不定式数词从句It 形式主语充当主语的成分,谓语的定义,谓语一般位于主语_。,之后,表达主语的动作、状态。,句子成分,Period 3 ：什么是谓语？,谓语的定义 谓语 predicate谓语一,谓语的定义,I have a best friend. Her name is Jenny. We always look after each other. But she doesnt like talk
5、ing too much. She can keep quiet for a whole day.,谓语有人称和数的变化，也可以表达时态和语态。,单个实义动词,系动词,动词短语,助动词+动词原型,情态动词+动词原型,句子成分,Period 3 ：什么是谓语？,谓语的定义 I have a best fri,宾语的定义,宾语是动作的承受者。,一般位于谓语动词（尤指及物动词）_。,之后,句子成分,Period 4 ：什么是宾语？,宾语的定义宾语是动作的承受者。 宾语,类型,直接宾语：被动作直接作用， He gave me a bag.间接宾语： 被动词间接影响， He gave me a bag.
6、介词宾语： 被介词引导的宾语， I am waiting for you.,句子成分,Period 4 ：什么是宾语？,类型直接宾语：被动作直接作用， He gave,充当宾语的成分,I like Beijing roast duck.我喜欢北京烤鸭。,Love me , love my dog.爱屋及乌。,I want to leave.我想离开。,I dont know what to do next.我不知道接下来做什么。,1,2,3,4,.,.,.,.,代词/名词,名词性短语,不定式,疑问词+不定式,充当宾语的成分,充当宾语的成分I like Beijing roast du,充当宾语
7、的成分,We believe that success comes from hard work.我们相信成功来自勤奋。,I like teaching English.我喜欢教英语。,I find it difficult to get along with her.我发现她这个人不好相处。,5,6,7,.,.,.,动名词,从句,it 作形式宾语,充当宾语的成分,充当宾语的成分We believe that success,宾语,名词,代词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,名词性短语,充当宾语的成分,充当宾语的成分,宾语名词代词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句名词性短语充当宾语,表语的定
8、义,表述主语的情况。,表语一般位于系动词_。,之后,句子成分,Period 5 ：什么是表语？,表语的定义表述主语的情况。 表语 pred,系动词的分类,I am a teacher.He is a student.We are excited.,am is are,句子成分,系动词的分类,系动词的分类I am a teacher. b,系动词的分类,The wool feels soft.这种羊毛摸上去很柔软。“Stink Tofu” smells awful, but tastes good.臭豆腐闻上去臭，但是吃起来香。,feel smell taste,sound look,句子成分,
9、系动词的分类,系动词的分类The wool feels soft.,系动词的分类,keep/ stay healthy保持健康remain silent保持沉默,keep stay remain,句子成分,系动词的分类,系动词的分类keep/ stay healthy,系动词的分类,If it turns cold, cover the pot plants.如果天气变凉，就把盆栽盖起来。,Food goes bad quickly when it is hot.天气一热，食物就很快变质。,get grow become,turn go,句子成分,系动词的分类,系动词的分类If it turn
10、s cold, cover,充当表语的成分,The creaking of the door sounds loud at night.晚上，门的嘎吱声听起来很响。,He became a doctor after he left high school. 高中毕业他当上了医生。,The rubber tires are over there.橡胶轮胎在那边。,.,名词,形容词,.,.,副词,充当表语的成分,充当表语的成分The creaking of the doo,充当表语的成分,All I could do is to wait.我们能做的只有等待。,.,代词,不定式,.,Openthe
11、door.Its me. 开门，是我。,充当表语的成分,充当表语的成分All I could do is to wa,表语,形容词,副词,名词,不定式,介词短语,代词,从句,充当表语的成分,充当表语的成分,表语形容词副词名词介词短语代词从句充当表语的成分充当表语的成,句子成分,Period 6 ：什么是定语？,修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,句子成分Period 6 ：什么是定语？修饰或限制名词或代词,充当表语的成分,His father is reading a story book.,He is a clever boy.,There are 57students in our cl
12、ass.,.,形容词,名词,.,.,数词,充当定语的成分,充当表语的成分His father is reading a,充当表语的成分,He has a good eating habit.,Do you know Mikes sister?,There is a sleeping baby in bed.,.,名词所有格,动名词,.,.,现在分词,充当定语的成分,充当表语的成分He has a good eating ha,如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot o
13、f work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who shopped just now?,定语后置,如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。定语后置,定语,形容词,数词,名词,名词所有格,动名词,现在分词,后置定语,充当表语的成分,充当定语的成分,定语形容词数词名词动名词现在分词后置定语充当表语的成分充当定,句子成分,用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词 或 整个句子的成分,Period 7 ：什么是状语？,句子成分用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词 或 整个句子的成分,充当表语的成分,
14、I am playing football on the playground.,Last Sunday, I watched the film.,He was late because he got up late.,.,时间状语,地点状语,.,.,原因状语,充当状语的成分,充当表语的成分I am playing football o,充当表语的成分,You will be healthy if you eat an apple a day.,He often went to school by bus.,This book is very interesting,.,方式状语,条件状语,.
15、,.,程度副词,充当状语的成分,充当表语的成分You will be healthy if,状语,时间状语,原因状语,方式状语,地点状语,条件状语,程度副词,充当表语的成分,充当状语的成分,状语时间原因状语方式状语地点条件状语程度副词充当表语的成分充,句子成分,这里，我们以宾语补足语（ objective complement ）学习为主,Period 8 ：什么是补语？,补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语,句子成分这里，我们以宾语补足语（ objective com,充当表语的成分,I saw her playing the piano in the morning.,I
16、found the book interesting.,He made the boy cry.,.,形容词,现在分词,.,.,动词,充当宾语补足语的成分,充当表语的成分I saw her playing the p,宾语补足语,形容词,现在分词,动词,充当表语的成分,充当宾语补足语的成分,宾语形容词现在分词动词充当表语的成分充当宾语补足语的成分,五种简单句,五种简单句,简单句,（一）什么是英语句子？,必须具备主谓结构，主语一定是谓语（动词）的发出者，如果有宾语的话，宾语一定是动作的承受者或动作的对象。,简单句（一）什么是英语句子？ 必须具备主谓结构，主,简单句,你写作业了吗？,你作业写了吗？
17、,作业写了吗，你？,写了吗，你？,简单句你写作业了吗？你作业写了吗？作业写了吗，你？写了吗，你,简单句,我要去剪头发。,简单句我要去剪头发。,简单句,I will cut my hair.,简单句I will cut my hair.,简单句,我要去找个理发师剪头发。,The barber will cut my hair.,I will ask a barber to cut my hair.,理发师将剪掉我的头发。,简单句我要去找个理发师剪头发。The barber will,简单句,主语一定是谓语（动词）的发出者。,回顾：什么是主语？,简单句主语一定是谓语（动词）的发出者。回顾：什么是主
18、语？,简单句,（二）英语句子的基本结构,1.主+谓（S+V）,The sun rose.,简单句（二）英语句子的基本结构1.主+谓（S+V）The,简单句,（二）英语句子的基本结构,2.主+谓+宾（S+V+O）,I like popular music.,简单句（二）英语句子的基本结构2.主+谓+宾（S+V+O）,简单句,（二）英语句子的基本结构,3.主+谓（系）+表 （S+V+P）,The strawberries look sweet.,简单句（二）英语句子的基本结构3.主+谓（系）+表The s,简单句,（二）英语句子的基本结构,4.主+谓+双宾语 （S+V+IO+DO）,I gave
19、him a present.,双宾语：直接宾语、间接宾语,间接宾语,直接宾语,简单句（二）英语句子的基本结构4.主+谓+双宾语 （S+V,简单句,I gave him a present.,怎么区分 直接宾语、间接宾语？,间接宾语,直接宾语,华妃语录语法总结：“间人” 就是矫情,“人” 为间接宾语 ，“物” 为直接宾语,简单句I gave him a present.怎么区分,简单句,（二）英语句子的基本结构,5.主+谓+宾+宾补语 （S+V+O+OC）,They made me happy.,简单句（二）英语句子的基本结构5.主+谓+宾+宾补语The,简单句,双宾、,宾+宾语补语？,区别技巧
20、：,只需要在宾语和宾补之间加一个be动词，意思读起来是对的，就是宾+宾补，意思错的就是双宾语。,简单句双宾、宾+宾语补语？区别技巧：只需要在宾语和宾补之间,简单句,双宾、,宾+宾语补语区分案例,I gave him,They made me,a present.,happy.,be,他是一个礼物,be,我是快乐的,简单句双宾、宾+宾语补语区分案例I gave himThe,5种简单句回顾练习,5种简单句,判断下列句子的结构 1. The boy ran.,句式1：主谓,课堂练习,五种简单句,回顾练习,判断下列句子的结构 句式1：主谓课堂练习五种简单句回顾练习,2. I will help yo
21、u.,句式2：主谓宾,课堂练习,五种简单句,回顾练习,2. I will help you.句式2：主谓宾课堂练习,3. I send him my photo.,句式3：主谓双宾,课堂练习,五种简单句,回顾练习,3. I send him my photo.句式3：主谓双,4. The dog keeps its room clean.,句式4：主谓宾宾补,课堂练习,五种简单句,回顾练习,4. The dog keeps its room cle,5. This woman is beautiful.,句式5：主系表,课堂练习,五种简单句,回顾练习,5. This woman is beautiful.句式5,恭喜你已经完成今天的课程学习，你真棒！,恭喜你已经完成今天的课程学习，你真棒！,
