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1、Module 4,Weld Joint Geometry(第4单元 焊接接头几何形状）Welding and NDE Symbols 焊接和无损检测符号）,ANSI/AWS A3.0 - 94,Standard Welding Terms and Definitions（标准的焊接术语和定义）,Introduction-1 of 2(简介-1/2）,The geometry of joints and welds must be clearly stated and understood by all parties involved with fabrication（接头和焊缝的几何形状必须
2、清楚的说明，且应让所有参与制造的部门理解）Terminology used per A3.0 and A2.4（使用的术语参见A3.0和A2.4）Dont use slang terms（禁用俚语）Welding symbols are a shorthand method for clearly stating exactly what welding is to be done and where（焊接符号是一种速记方法，它清楚的说明是什么焊缝，在哪焊。）,Introduction - 2 of 2 (简介-2/2）,Joint and Weld geometry per A3.0-94（
3、接头和焊缝几何形状按照A3.0-94来定义）Classroom discussion on A3.0（课堂讨论A3.0）Welding Symbols per A2.4-98（焊接符号按照A2.4-98）Classroom discussion on A2.4-98（课堂讨论A2.4-98）WIT Module 4 - additional Study Guide（WIT第四单元-附加的学习指导）,Weld or Joint Geometry & Terms(焊缝或接头形状和术语）,Imperative to know the difference between a joint and a
4、weld and use terms properly （必须知道接头和焊缝的差异，并能正确使用）Standard terms must be used when dealing with weld joint and weld geometry to avoid errors in communication（为了避免沟通错误，当涉及到焊缝接头和焊缝几何形状时，必须使用标准术语）,5 Basic Joint Types,Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 1, page 41 （参考A3.0-94，图1，第41页）Butt（对接）Corner（角接）T-Joint（T型接头）Lap（
5、搭接接头）Edge（端接接头）,Butt Joint（对接）,A Joint between 2 members aligned approximately in the same plane（连接两个几乎在同一平面内对准的的工件之间的接头）相对的两端进行焊接,Butt Joint - Applicable Welds （对接接头-可适用的焊缝）,Bevel-groove（单边V型坡口焊缝）Flare-bevel-groove（单边喇叭型坡口焊缝）Flare-v-groove（双边喇叭型坡口焊缝/V形坡口喇叭型焊缝）J-groove（J型坡口焊缝）Square-groove（I (方)型坡口焊
6、缝）,U-groove（U型坡口对接焊缝）V-groove（V型坡口焊缝）Edge-flange（卷边端接接头焊缝）Braze（钎焊）,Corner Joint,A Joint between 2 members located approximately at right angles to each other in the form of an L（两工件接近垂直，成L型的连接）,Corner Joint - Applicable Welds （角接-适用的焊缝）,Fillet（角焊缝）Bevel-groove (单边V型坡口焊缝）Flare-bevel-groove（单边喇叭形焊缝）F
7、lare-v-groove（双边喇叭型坡口焊缝）J-groove（J型坡口焊缝）Square-groove (I方型坡口焊缝）U-groove（U型坡口焊缝）,V-groove（V型坡口焊缝）Plug（塞焊）Slot（槽焊）Spot（点焊）Seam（滚缝焊）Projection（凸焊）Braze（钎焊）,T-Joint,A Joint between 2 members located at approximately right angles to each other in the form of a T（两工件接近垂直，成T型的连接）,T Joint - Applicable Welds
8、 （T型接头-可适用的焊缝）,Fillet（角焊缝）Bevel-groove（单边V型坡口焊缝）Flare-bevel-groove（单边喇叭型焊缝）J-groove（J型坡口焊缝）Square-groove（方型坡口焊缝）Plug（塞焊）,Slot（槽焊）Spot（点焊）Seam（滚焊）Projection（凸焊）Braze（钎焊）,Lap Joint(搭接),A Joint between 2 overlapping members in parallel planes （两平行工件相互重叠形成的接头）,Lap Joint - Applicable Welds （搭接-可适用焊缝）,Fil
9、let（角焊缝）Bevel-groove（单边V型坡口焊缝）Flare-bevel-groove（单边喇叭型焊缝）J-groove（J型坡口焊缝）Plug（塞焊）,Slot（槽焊）Spot（点焊）Seam（滚焊）Projection （凸焊）Braze（钎焊）,Edge Joint（端接接头）,A Joint between the edges of 2 or more parallel, or nearly parallel, members （两个或多个平行或接近平行的工件的端部连接）,Edge Joint - Applicable Welds （端接接头-可适用的焊缝）,Bevel-gr
10、oove（单边V型坡口焊缝）Flare-bevel-groove （单边喇叭型焊缝）Flare-v-groove（双边喇叭型坡口焊缝）J-groove（J型坡口焊缝）Square-groove（方型坡口焊缝）,U-groove（U型坡口焊缝）V-groove（V型坡口焊缝）Edge（端接焊缝）Seam（滚焊）,Joint Nomenclature （接头专门用语）,Joint root（接头的根部）Groove face（坡口面）Root edge（根部棱边）Root face（钝边）Bevel angle（单边角度）Depth of bevel（单边深度）Groove angle（坡口角度）
11、,Groove radius（坡口半径）Root opening（根部间隙）Edge shapes（端部形状）Square（方型）single or double bevel（单或双削边）single or double J（单或双J型）Round（圆型）,Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 4, 5, 6, 7, pages 44 47 （参见A30-94，图4，5，6，7，第44-47页）,Figure 4 - Joint Root （图4-接头根部）,Figure 5 - （图5-）Groove Face（坡口面）Root Edge（根部棱边）Root Face （钝边）,Fi
12、gure 6 -（图6-）Bevel Angle （单边坡口角度）Bevel Depth （坡口深度）Groove Angle （坡口角度）Groove Radius （坡口半径）Root Opening （根部间隙）,Figure 7 - Edge Shapes （图7-端部形状）Square（方型，直边）Single Bevel（单边V型）Double Bevel（双边V型）Single J（单J型）Double J（双J型）Flange（卷边）Round（圆型）,Joint Geometry - Key Learnings （接头几何学-关键点）,Refer to A3.0-94, Fi
13、gures 4, 5, 6, pages 44 46 （参见A3.0-94，图4，5，6，第44-46页）A joint root can be linear in nature, or an area (接头根部可能是实际的线状，或者一个区域）A surface can be both a Root face & a Groove face（表面可以是钝边和坡口面）An angle can be both a Bevel angle and a Groove angle（角度可以是单边坡口角度和坡口角度）,Weld Joints（焊接接头）,Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 8,
14、 9, 10, 14, 15（参见A3.0-94，图8,9,10,14,15）Single groove - p 48(单面坡口-48页）Double-groove -p 49（双面坡口-49页）Flanged Joints - p 50 （卷边接头）Seam and Spot - p 53（滚焊和点焊-53页）Various - p 54（其它-54页）,Fig 8-Single Groove Welds（图8-单面坡口焊缝）Single Square（单面方型）Single Bevel（单面坡口）Single V（单V）Single J（单J）Single U（单U）Single Flar
15、e Bevel（单面单边喇叭口）Single Flare V（单面V型喇叭口）,Fig 9-Double Groove Welds（双面坡口焊缝）Double Square（双面方型）Double Bevel（双面削角）Double V（双面V型）Double J（双J面型）Double U（双U面型）Double Flare Bevel（双面单边喇叭口）Double Flare V（双面V型喇叭口）,Fig 10 - Flanged WeldsEdge - Flanged ButtEdge - Melt ThroughEdge - Flanged CornerSquare, Flare VR
16、SW in Flanged CornerFillet, Flare-Bevel in T,Fig 14 -Seam, Spot Welds（滚焊，点焊）Arc Seam Weld 电弧缝焊EB Seam Weld（滚焊）RSW Seam Weld（滚焊）RSW Spot Welds（点焊）Arc Spot Welds（弧点焊）,Fig 15 - Various Welds （其他的焊缝）Upset Weld 电阻对焊Flash Weld（闪光焊）Surfacing Weld 堆焊Slot Welds（槽焊）Plug Welds（塞焊）Fillet Welds（角焊缝）,Welding Posi
17、tion （焊接位置）,Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 16 - 21, pages 55 - 64（参见A3.0-94，图16-21，第55-64页）Review position diagrams & tables for groove and fillet welds in plate and pipe - pages 55-57 (审核板和管的坡口及角焊缝的位置图表-第55-57页）Review welding test positions for groove and fillet welds on plate and pipe - pages 58-63（审核板和管的
18、坡口及角焊缝的焊接位置-第58-63页）Note error in Fig 19D, page 61Review Torch Position in Fig 21, page 64（审核图21中的火焰位置）,Welding Beads, Sequences 焊道，顺序,Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 22 -23, pages 65 67 （参见A3.0-94，图22-23，第65-67页）Stringer bead（直焊道）Weave bead（摆动焊道）Backstep sequence（分段退焊顺序）Block sequence （分段多层焊）Cascade sequenc
19、e（阶梯形多层焊）Layers vs beads（层与道）,Parts Of A Weld （焊缝的要素）,Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 24,Toe（焊趾）Face（表面）Face reinforcement（表面余高）Root reinforcement（根部余高）Root surface（根部表面）Weld Root（焊缝根部）,ages 68 - 70Bead（焊道）Back weld（背面焊缝）Backing weld（封底焊缝）Spacer（垫块）Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ)（热影响区）,Fig 24 - Parts of Welds（图24-焊缝
20、的要素）Weld Face（焊缝表面）Weld Toe（焊趾）Face Reinforcement（表面加强高）Root Reinforcement（根部加强高）Weld Root（焊缝根部）Back Weld（背面焊缝）Backing Weld（打底焊缝）,Fig 24 - Parts of Welds（图24-焊缝的要素）Weld Root（焊缝根部）Leg, Face, Toe（焊角，焊面，焊趾）Spacer（垫块）Weld Metal（焊缝金属）Heat Affected Zone（热影响区）,Fig 24 - Parts of Welds（图24-焊缝的要素）Weld Root（焊缝
21、根部）Weld Bead（焊道）Dilution Percent（稀释率）,Weld Sizes & Terms （焊接尺寸和术语）,Convex Fillet（凸状角焊缝）Leg, size equal（焊角尺寸，焊缝尺寸等同）Convexity(焊缝凸度）Actual throat（实际厚度）Effective throat（有效厚度）Theoretical throat（理论厚度）,Concave Fillet （凹状角焊缝）Leg（焊角尺寸）Size (less than leg length)（焊缝尺寸，小于焊角长度）Concavity（焊缝凹度）Actual, Effective
22、throats equal（实际厚度于有效厚度等同）Theoretical throat（理论厚度）,Refer to A3.0, Fig 25, pages 71 - 72,Convex Fillet Weld（凸状角焊缝）,Concave Fillet Weld （凹面角焊缝）,Joint & Root Penetration （接头和根部熔透）,Note Incomplete Joint Penetration dimension （标注非完全熔透焊缝尺寸）,Incomplete Joint Penetration（未焊透接头）,Refer to A3.0, Fig 26 pages 7
23、5 - 76Term used only in reference to groove welds（本术语仅限于坡口焊缝）If only Partial Penetration is intended, it is incorrect to refer to the weld as Incomplete Joint Penetration,Incomplete Joint Penetration（非完全熔透接头）,(Or Partial Joint Penetration if intended) （或者是部分熔透接头）E total can never be base metal thick
24、ness （总数E不可能大于母材厚度）,Incomplete Joint Penetration Error（未焊透接头错误）,Fig 26 (c) - page 75 - Incomplete Joint Penetration reference dimension is in error on sketch（未焊透接头图上的参考尺寸是错误的）,Error !（错误）,Correct Dimension,Melt-through, Root Surfaces（熔透，根部表面）,Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 27, page 77 Melt-through（熔透）Convex
25、root surface（凸状根部表面）Concave root surface（凹状根部表面）Slang term is suck back - Dont Use（俚语里用suck back-不要使用）,Incomplete Fusion(未熔合）,Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 29, page 79Used in reference to both groove and fillet welds（用于坡口焊缝和角焊缝）Slang term often misused is cold lap（俚语里常被误用为cold lap),Incomplete Fusion未融合-1/2,
26、Incomplete Fusion - 2 of 2 （未熔合-2/2）,Fusion Weld Terms（熔合焊缝术语）,Refer to A3.0, Figure 30, page 80（参见A3.0，图30，第80页）,Weld Discontinuities （焊缝的不连续性）,Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 32, 33, pages 82 83 （参见A3.0-94，图32,33,第82-83页）Cracks - see nomenclature in Fig 33 (裂纹-见图33的专门术语）Undercut（咬边）Overlap（焊瘤）Underfill（未焊满）
27、,ANSI/AWS A2.4-98,Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination （焊接，钎焊及无损检测的标准符号）,Welding Symbols Introduction （焊接符号-简介）,Refer to A2.4-98（参见A24-98）A shorthand method of conveying welding information（传递焊接信息的一种速记法）AWS system used all over the world （全世界都使用的AWS系统）Modified as nec
28、essary to reflect needs of industries（应工业的需要进行修改）Very simple, but a very powerful system for conveying information（很简单，但能传递很多有用的信息）,Weld Symbol vs Welding Symbol （焊缝符号与焊接符号）,A Weld Symbol indicates the type of Weld, and may be a part of the:(焊缝符号表示了焊缝的形式，它也可能是焊接符号的一部分)Welding Symbol - the complete i
29、nformation needed to convey the necessary welding information to all parties, including the welder. It contains several elements, including the Weld Symbol.(焊接符号-需要转换必要的焊接信息到所有部门，包含焊工。这全部信息包含许多元素，也包含焊缝符号）,Weld Symbols（焊缝符号）,Groove Weld Types 8 (坡口焊缝的形式-8）,Square（方型）Scarf（斜接）V（V型）Bevel（单边）,U（U型）J（J型）
30、Flare-V（V型喇叭口）Flare-bevel（单边喇叭口）,The above welds may be applied to one side or both sides of the joint, or in combination.以上焊缝可能是单面焊、双面焊或两者的组合,Other Weld Types 11 （其它的焊缝形式-11）,Fillet（角接）Plug or Slot（塞焊或槽焊）Stud *（螺柱焊）Spot or Projection（点焊或凸焊）,Seam（滚焊）Back or Backing（背面焊或封底焊）Surfacing *（表面堆焊）Edge（端部）,
31、* Stud and surfacing symbols are always placed below reference line.（*螺柱焊和表面堆焊符号总是放在参考线以下）,Welding Symbols Rules （焊接符号-规则）,Symbols with a perpendicular leg shall have the perpendicular leg drawn on the left side of the symbol. (fillet, bevel-groove, J-groove, and flare-bevel-groove)The symbols for S
32、tud and Surfacing welds shall always be drawn below the reference line.（螺柱焊和堆焊的符号总是被放在参考线以下）,Welding Symbol （焊接符号）,Supplementary Symbols （附加的符号）,Elements of Welding Symbols （焊接符号的要素）,Required Elements（要求的元素）Reference Line - always horizontal（参考线-总是水平的）Arrow（箭头）,Optional Elements （选择的元素）Multiple refe
33、rence lines （多重参考线）Tail（尾部）Weld Symbol（焊缝符号）Dimensions（尺寸）Supplementary Symbols （附加元素符号）Finish（成型）Specification, Process （规范，工艺）,Arrow Notation（箭头注释）,Information applicable to the arrow side of the joint is placed below the reference line（箭头侧接头的信息放在参考线以下）Information applicable to the other side of a
34、 joint is placed above the reference line（接头另一侧的信息放在参考线上方）,Arrow Side Weld Symbols （箭头侧焊缝符号）,Other Side Weld Symbols （另一侧焊缝符号）,Side Significance,The Weld Symbol straddles the reference line when there is no side Significance（当焊缝符号跨在参考线上时表示在哪边没有意义Resistance Spot Weld（电阻点焊）Resistance Seam Weld（电阻滚焊）Fl
35、ash Weld（闪光焊）,Break in Arrow Line （拐弯的箭头线）,A break in the arrow line signifies that the member the arrow points to is the member receiving the edge preparation.（箭头线指向的一侧表示要开坡口）,Combined Weld Symbols （组合焊缝符号）,For joints requiring more than one weld type, a weld symbol shall be used to specify each we
36、ld （当接头需要多种焊接形式时，焊接符号将用来特指每条焊缝）,Multiple Arrows（多箭头）,Two or more arrows may be used for a single reference line to denote locations where identical welds are specified.（两个或多个箭头可以用于单条参考线，它特指不同的位置使用相同的焊缝）,Multiple Reference Lines （多条参考线）,Two or more reference lines may be used to indicate a sequence o
37、f operations. （两条或多条参考线可以用来表示操作的顺序）The first operation is always on the reference line nearest the arrow.（第一操作总在参考线上离箭头最近的位置）,Field Weld & Weld All-Around （现场焊缝和周向焊缝）,The Field Weld symbol is a solid flag, and is always located at junction of the arrow and reference line.（现场焊缝符号是一个实心的旗子，且总位于箭头和参考线的连
38、接处）The Weld All-Around symbol is a circle and is located at junction of the arrow and reference line.（周向焊接符号是一个圆，位于箭头和参考线的连接处）,Tail（尾部）,The Tail is used to specify welding process information or other such information needed to convey the necessary welding details.（末端用于特指焊接工艺信息或其他需要转换的必需的焊接细节）,Weldi
39、ng and NDE Symbols（焊接和无损探伤符号）,Welding and NDE symbols can be combined on the same reference line, or on separate multiple reference lines.（焊接和无损检测符号能组合在同一参考线上，或者单独的多条参考线上）Combining welding and NDE symbols on multiple reference lines often clarifies the exact sequence of operations required.（在多条参考线上的
40、组合焊接和无损检测符号常能澄清确切的要求操作的顺序）,Weld Contours & Finishing（焊缝外型和处理）,Weld surfaces can be contoured to several shapes; convex, concave, flush, or flat.（焊缝外型可以有多种形式：凸状，凹状，平或方型）Finishing methods are abbreviated as shown.（光洁度方法的缩写如图所示）U denotes contour method is Unspecified（表示外型方法的U是未特别指出的）Contour symbol w/o
41、finish symbol means as-welded,Symbol Dimensions? （符号尺寸）,Tolerances, if required, are to be placed in tail （如果要求的话，允许误差应放在末端）Welding Symbols are usually drawn without dimension units such as inches or millimeters.（焊缝符号上常常没有标尺寸单位，如英寸或毫米）But, Welding Symbols to be used for publications or those requiri
42、ng high precision should be dimensioned and have the dimensional tolerances noted within the tail.（但，用于出版或需要高精度的焊接符号必须标定尺寸，且将尺寸公差标在末端）,Symbol Examples（符号例子）,Arrow side - V-groove（箭头侧-V型坡口）Other side - V-groove（另一侧-V型坡口）Both sides - V-groove（双侧-V型坡口）,Symbol Examples（符号例子）,Back or Backing, single J-gr
43、oove, fillet（背焊或封底的单面J型坡口，角焊缝）Single-bevel-groove, double fillet（单边V型坡口，双面角焊缝）,Symbol Examples（符号例子）,Weld all-around symbol is a very useful symbol（周向焊缝符号是很有用的符号）Multi-plane weld requirements are very simple to sketch using symbol（多平面焊缝要求用符号是很简单画的）,Symbol Examples（符号例子）,Square-groove butt with melt-
44、through（方坡口对接且熔透）Edge weld on flanged butt with melt-through（卷边对接中的端接焊缝并且熔透）Edge weld on flanged corner joint with melt-through（卷边角接接头中的端接焊缝要熔透）,Groove Weld Dimensions - 1 of 9 （坡口焊缝尺寸-1/9）,Depth of Bevel, S, and Size of Weld, (E) placed to the left of the symbol（坡口深度S和焊缝尺寸E置于焊缝符号的左边）1/4 inch bevel
45、with a 3/8 inch weld(1/4” 的坡口和3/8“的焊缝) (No dimensions means complete penetration)(不标明尺寸表示全熔透),Groove Weld Dimensions - 2 of 9(坡口焊缝尺寸 - 2/9),Refer to A2.4, Fig 15, pg 31(见第31页,图15, A2.4) Examples of Groove Weld Bevel & Weld Dimensions( 坡口及焊缝尺寸示例) No dimensions means complete penetration )(不标明尺寸表示全熔透)
46、,Groove Weld Dimensions -3 of 9 ( 坡口焊缝尺寸 - 3/9),The Root Opening is placed within the weld symbol or just outside, and only on one side of the reference line(根部间隙标注于焊接符号内侧或旁边,并仅限于参考线的一侧)Inches or mm per shop practice(依车间习惯,单位为英寸或毫米),Groove Weld Dimensions - 4 of 9 ( 坡口焊缝尺寸 - 4/9),Groove Angle is pla
47、ced just outside the weld symbol(坡口角度标注于焊接符号外侧),Groove Weld Dimensions - 5 of 9 ( 坡口焊缝尺寸 - 5/9),The length of the weld shall be placed to the right of the weld symbol. No dimension required if weld is continuous for full length of joint.(焊缝长度标注于焊接符号右侧,如焊缝为接口全长的连续焊缝,则无须标注长度),Groove Weld Dimensions -
48、6 of 9 ( 坡口焊缝尺寸 - 6/9),Pitch is the distance between centers of adjacent weld segments. Pitch length is shown to the right of the weld length dimension following a hyphen. (焊缝间距是指相邻两段焊缝中心之间的距离,其长度标注于焊缝长度的右侧,通过连字符相连),Groove Weld Dimensions - 7 of 9 ( 坡口焊缝尺寸 - 7/9),Chain intermittent weld dimensions a
49、re to be placed on both sides of reference line, and opposite each other(并排断续焊缝尺寸标注于参考线两侧,且相互对应),Groove Weld Dimensions - 8 of 9 ( 坡口焊缝尺寸 - 8/9),Staggered intermittent weld dimensions are to be placed on both sides of reference line, and offset from each other.(错位断续焊缝尺寸标注于参考线两侧,且相互错开一定的偏移量),Groove W
50、eld Dimensions - 9 of 9 ( 坡口焊缝尺寸 - 9/9),Refer to A2.4, Fig 30, pages 36, 37(见第36,37页,图15, A2.4) Flare-Bevel & Flare-V welds(卷边坡口和卷边V型焊缝),Back and Backing Welds 背面焊和封底焊,The back and backing weld symbols are identical. The sequence of welding determines which designation applies.(背面焊和封底焊的符号是相同的,它是由焊接顺
