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1、现在完成时,1现在完成时的构成：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。,2现在完成时的用法：（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the c
2、ow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. 有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。,（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, by/until now, today, this week(month, year), in / over/for the past few years 等。 I havent seen her these days. She
3、 has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时
4、间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately, for+一段时间等。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, several times,
5、 等不确定的时间状语。,请大家认真分析比较下列各例句： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂
6、行为。)注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,I_(live) in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my decision to move back to China.I know a little bit about Ital
7、y as my wife and I _(go) there several years ago.I_ (see) that film before. Its about a soldier in World War I. With the rapid growth of population, the city _(spread) in all directions in the past five years.She _ (stay) at home and_ (start) working in a restaurant eleven months ago.Judy is going t
8、o marry the sailor she _ ( meet) in Rome last year.,7. Diego won the first prize four years ago and _ (win) it each year since then.8. The water_( feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.9. Miss Li_ (serve) as a secretary for five years in the company, and now she is a general ma
9、nager of it.10. We _(have) three tests this term.11.You dont need to describe her. I _(meet) her several times.,过去完成时,过去完成时：had done 过去的时间或事件之前所发生的事情，即“过去的过去”,过去完成时的用法1、概念：表示过去的过去。,-|-|-|- 那时以前 那时 现在 其结构是：had + 过去分词,2、过去完成时的用法： （1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 B
10、y the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. （2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.,具体用法：在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.过去
11、完成时的时间状语 before, after,by, until +过去时间点或before,after,when, once, as soon as +表过去发生的从句。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.,1.She said she _(make) much progress since she came here.
12、2.Danny_(work) hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. 3.We _( not meet) our new neighbors yet, so we don t know their names.4.She _(complete) her studies by the end of last year.5. When we reached the hill top, the sun _ (already rise).6. The film_(be) on for an hour when I got to
13、 the cinema yesterday.,7. Tom married Mary last week. They_ (know) each other since their school days.8.I knew Sarah was very busy, so I_(not disturb) her. 9.The window was open and a bird_(fly) into the room.10.He_(watch)sixteenfilmsbytheendofJanuary.11.I_(be) there more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.12. He_(work)inthe factoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.,
