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1、第五讲 现在完成时/过去完成时,现在完成时,定义,表示“到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作或状态”,结构,肯定：,主+have/has+V-过去分词,否定：,主+havent/hasnt+V-过去分词,疑问：,Have/Has+主+V-过去分词,用法,表示动作从_开始，现在已经_，并对_造成了影响。,(1) 已完成,过去,完成,现在,时间状语,already,yet, before,lately,once,never, just, ever, this week,“已完成”只能和一些不确定的时间状语连用,表示动作从_开始_到现在，并有可能继续_下去。,过去,持续,持续,for,+时间段,since
2、,+时间点,+时间段+ago,+时间状语从句,（一般过去时）,(2) 未完成,动词要延续,和一段时间状语连用,时间状语,（3） have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“_”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。即“_”。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“_”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，即_。have / has been (in) 表示某人“_”。,去过某地,有去有回,去了某地,有去无回,呆在某地,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,1）一般过去时表示_发生的动作，单纯叙述过去的事情，强调_，和现在不发生关
3、系。而现在完成时表示_发生的某一动作对现在造成的_，强调的是现在的情况。2）一般过去时常与_时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与_时间状语连用，或无时间状语。3）时间标志词 （必记！）,过去,动作,过去,影响,具体,不确定,一般过去时：,yesterday,last.,.ago,现在完成：,since,for,already,yet,ever,just,before,in+过去时间点,recently,so far,in+过去时间段,次数,be on,leave,go,be away (from),非延与延续的转换,begin,be off,borrow,keep,come,be here,joi
4、n,be in,die,be dead,buy,have,arrive,be here,get married,be married,fall asleep,be asleep,现在完成时“三看三用”,一看时间状语如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.,二看句首有无疑问词句首无疑问词，常用现在完成时；句首有疑问词（询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式）用一般过去时。如：,Have you had your breakfast? Yes
5、, I have.When did you have it? At seven thirty.,三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.,注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn
6、them by heart?,单项选择,1. Both his parents look sad. May be they _ whats happened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD. will know,2. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?A. alreadyB. neverC. everD. still,3. Have you met Mr. Li _?A. justB. agoC. beforeD. a moment ago,4. The famous writer _ one new book
7、 in the past two years.A. is writingB. was writingC. wroteD. has written,5. -Our country _ a lot so far. -Yes. I hope it will be even _.A. has changed, wellB. changed, goodC. has changed, betterD. changed, better,6. Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years.A. was, studyingB. will, studyC. h
8、as, studiedD. are, studying,7. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew,8. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD. see,9. -These farmers have been to the United States. -Really? When _ there?A. will they goB. did they goC
9、. do they goD. have they gone,10. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been,11. _ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived,12. His uncle _ for more tha
10、n 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university,13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began,14. His father _ the Party since 1978.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in,句型转换,1. They have been there since
11、2000. (对划线部分提问),How long have they been there?,2. This factory opened twenty years ago. (同义句),This factory has been open for twenty years.,3. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句),The bus has been here since ten minutes ago.,4. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (合并成一句),The bus has bee
12、n here for ten minutes.,Miss Gao has been away for an hour.,翻译,1. 他昨天收到一封信。,He received a letter yesterday.,2. 我父亲以前到过长城。,My father has been to the Great Wall before.,3. 他这些天上哪儿去了？,I have worked in this city since I left school.,4. 她还没看过那部新电影。,She hasnt seen the new film yet.,Where has he been these
13、 days?,5. 自从我离开学校，我一直在这个城市工作。,拓展,我在这里已经住了20年了。,现在完成进行时,have/has,been doing,表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。,过去,现在,I have been living here for 20 years.,过去完成时,定义,表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成的动作”,即动作发生在“过去的过去”,结构,肯定：,主+had+V-过去分词,否定：,主+hadnt+V-过去分词,疑问：,Had+主+V-过去分词,时间状语,by+过去时间,by the end of+过去时间,when/after/befo
14、re/until引导的时间状语从句,by the time+从句,用法,含有when/before/after/until引导的时间状语从句,(1) 用于两个先后发生的动作,The train had left before I reached the station.,如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常都用一般过去时，特别是含有before/after的复合句,The train left before I reached the station.,(2) 用于told, said, knew, heard, thought等后的宾语从句，从句的动作发生在主句之前。,He said that h
15、e had met her before.,我还了我借的那本书。,(3) 含有定语从句的句子，如果叙述的是过去，先发生的用过去完成时。,I returned the book,that I had borrowed.,过去完成时使用时，必须有或含有一个发生在过去的动作与其比较，即有“先发生”和“后发生”。“先发生”用过去完成时，“后发生”用一般过去时。,总结,单项选择,1. He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had
16、I gone,2. What _ Jane _ by the time she was seven.A. did, doB. has, doneC. did, didD. had, done,3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten.A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learned,4. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A. had cookedB. cookedC. have cook
17、edD. was cooking,5. She said she _ the principle already.A. has seenB. sawC. will seeD. had seen,6. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. forB. inC. byD. at,7. He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has workedB. worksC. had workedD. will work,8. The st
18、udents _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A. have cleanedB. had cleanedC. was cleanedD. have been cleaned,9. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put onB. had put onC. will put onD. was putting on,10. My mother _ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had workedB. has workedC. workedD. works,翻译,1. 她说她之前从未去过长城。,She said she had never been to the Great Wall.,2. 我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始10分钟了。,When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for 10 minutes.,3. 我见到Tom时，他已经听说了那个消息。,4. 她找到了她丢的那把钥匙。,She found the key she had lost.,Tom had known the news when I saw him.,Thank You,
