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1、非谓语动词,分词,使用原则: 当两个动词之间没有连词时，需要将其中一个谓语动词变为非谓语动词。 注意: 连词可以分为 (1) 并列连词 (and, but, or) (2) 从属连词(because, when, before, if等) (3) 关系连词 (定从，名从连接词)判断下面句子的正误 I sat there felt frustrated. ( ),x,根据提示改错,加上并列连词 She sat there but felt frustrated. 2. 加上从属连词 She sat there because she felt frustrated. 3. 加上关系连词 She
2、Sat there, who felt frustrated. 变为非谓语动词 She sat there, feeling very frustrated.,现在分词形式,过去分词形式: done,否定形式: 在非谓语动词前加 not注意：完成式不能用来作定语。,分词意义,doing: 与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示正在进行，表示状态being done:与所修饰词构成被动关系/时态上表示正在进行having done:与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成；,分词意义,having been done:与所修饰词构成被动关系/时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完
3、成having been doing:与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且未完；done:与所修饰词构成被动关系/时态上表示过去或者状态；,动脑筋！完成资料上面的活动：读下面句子，划出分词作定语的部分，并总结出分词作定语时它在句子中的位置及现在分词与过去分析的区别用法。,一、现在分词作定语： an amusing story the laughing audience swimming poor reading room writing paper washing machine the rising sun surprising news the coming school
4、 year,好笑的故事,正在发笑的观众,游泳池,阅览室,书写纸,洗衣机,正在升起的太阳,令人惊讶的消息,下一学年,1. 过去分词知多少,惊恐的人们预留的座位被污染的水拥挤的教室打碎的花瓶关了的门疲惫的观众,terrified /astonished peoplereserved seatspolluted watera crowded rooma broken vasea closed doorthe tired audience,The boy standing under the tree 站在树下的男孩 The girl eating an apple 吃苹果的女孩 This is on
5、e of the schools built in 1980s.这是一所建于二十世纪八十年代的学校。 A letter written in pencil. 一封用钢笔写的信。,总结分词作定语的用法：定语：用来修饰名词或者 代词 ；被修饰的词就是这个分词的逻辑主语。单个分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词的 前面 ;分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。所以，定语又分为前置 定语和后置定语。过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：过去分词表示动作的被动或完成；现在分词表示动作的主动或进行 。,the changing worldthe changed world,（正在变化的）,（变化了的）,boilin
6、g water,boiled water,（正在沸腾的）,（已经沸腾过的开水）,a developing country,a developed country,(发展中的),（发达的）,翻译下面句子：,falling leaves,fallen leaves,正在飘落的树叶,落叶,退休工人,a retired worker,逃犯,an escaped prisoner,被盗的汽车,a stolen car,Translate the following phrases:,(4)语法功能 现在分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。,1.The stolen bike belon
7、gs to Jack.,The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.,2.The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.,The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.,3.China is a developing countryChina is a country which is developing. 中国是个发展中国家。4.Studen
8、ts wishing to go hiking shouldsign their names here. Students who wish to go hiking should sign their names here. 要去徒步旅游的学生在这里签句。,I saw a sleeping girl in the waiting room.I saw a girl who was sleeping in the waiting room. 在候车室我看见一个熟睡的女孩。The man talking with our headmaster is Toms father. The man wh
9、o is talking with our headmaster is Toms father. 正和校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。,1.The children who are playing the violin will give a performance next week. The children the violin will give a performance next week.2. I saw a man frightened by a snake. I saw a man by a snake.3.He saw a dog that was carrying a pi
10、ece of meat entering your garden. He saw a dog a piece of meat entering your garden.4. There are many new English words added to the new edition of the dictionary. There are many new English words to the new edition of the dictionary.,playing,who was frightened,carrying,that are added,完成下列句子：,5现在分词的
11、意义1) 现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。如：The professor giving a speech aboutpollution now is from Harvard University. 正在做关于污染报告的教授来自哈佛大学。,Students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here. =Students who wish to go hiking should sign their names here. 要去徒步旅游的学生在这里签句。,=The professor who is giving a spe
12、ech aboutpollution now is from Harvard University.,2)现在分词的被动语态(being+过去分词)表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。如：The freeway being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport. 正在建设的高速公路将直通新港码头。,= The freeway which is being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport.,3)现在分词的完成式“having+过去分词”不能作定语，此时可以用一个定语从句代替。如：你了解昨天发生的事故吗?误：Do y
13、ou know anything about the accident having happened yesterday?正：Do you know anything about the accident that happened yesterday?,赢得冠军的中国女子排球队于昨晚到达首都机场。误：The Chinese Women Volleyball Team having won the championship arrived at the Capital Airport last night.正：The Chinese Women Volleyball Team that ha
14、d won the championship arrived at the Capital Airport last night.,1. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.(2000Shanghai) A. missing, playing B. missing, play C. missing, played D. missed, to play2. Do you know the boy_ under the big tree. A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying3. Seeing the sun_ a
15、bove the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. A. to rise B. to raise C. rising D. raising4. _ the last bus means walking home. A. Miss B. missed C. Missing D. If missing,A,D,C,C,1. Will you attend the meeting _ on Saturday?A. held B. being heldC. to be held D. hold2. The woman _a lesson is
16、 our teacher.A. giving B. givenC. to give D. give,区别,还没发生的动作,正在发生的动作，表主动,A,过去分词做定语：表被动，表完成。现在分词作定语：表主动，表进行。不定式作定语：表示将要发生的动作。,The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.,C,A,2. I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much. A. written
17、B. writing C. was written D. to write,1. Did you attend the meeting _yesterday? A. to be held B. having been held C. held D. being held,1.Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree?2. “Cant you read?” Mary said angrily _ _(point) to the notice.3 The woman _(sell) vegetables has gone.4.The wheat i
18、s watered by water _(bring) from a pond.5. He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.,lying,pointing,selling,brought,respected,一、分析句子结构1._many times , but he still couldnt understand it.2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been to
19、ld,C,A&D,3. _to the left , youll find the post office.4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office.5. _to the left , and youll find the post office. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned,A,C,C,二、分析逻辑主语1. _no buses , we have to walk home.2. _Sunday， I shall have a quiet day at home. A. There
20、 being B. It were C. There were D. It being,C,D,三、分析语态_from space , the earth looks blue.2._from space , we can see the earth is blue. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See,A,B,3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside. 4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside. A. was washed B
21、. washed C. were washed D. having washed,B,D,四、分析时态The building _now will be a restaurant. 2. The building _next year will be a restaurant.3. The building _last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B. to be built C. being built D. built,C,B,D,4.He stood there _ for his mother.5. _for two hours
22、 , he went away. A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited6.What is the reason for _there? A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go,A,D,C,1. _wont be of much help. A .Toms going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes2. _a teacher , I should set a good example to stud
23、ents. A. Being B. Having been C. To being D. As I being3. _a teacher ,one must first be their pupil. A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. To have been,4. They suggested _ the sports meet till next Tuesday. A. us to put off B. our putting off C. us of putting off D. we put off5. As the stone was too h
24、eavy to move , I left it _ on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain.,6. Tigers _ meat-eating animals , _meat. A. belonged to ; fed on B. belonging to ; feed on C. were belonged to ; feed on D. belonging to ; feeding on,Change the following complex sentences into simple ones.,Do you know the
25、young man who is waiting outside the school gate? = Do you know the young man waiting outside the school gate?There seems to be something wrong with the cat that is lying at the corner of the street. = There seems to be something wrong with the cat lying at the corner of the street.,Can you show me
26、any word which begins with the letter “x” ? = Can you show me any word beginning with the letter “x” ?Shanghai is a city which is changing rapidly. = Shanghai is city changing rapidly.,The teacher stood among the children who laughed. = The teacher stood among the laughing children.The man who was w
27、earing a blue shirt and blue jeans was caught shortly after he had left the bank. = The man wearing a blue shirt and blue jeans was caught shortly after he had left the bank.,二、现在分词作宾语补足语1感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice 等后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示该动作正在进行。如：I saw him running down the street. 我看见他沿着街跑。I felt
28、an ant climbing over my leg. 我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。Suddenly I noticed her standing outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外边。,2The -ing form 分为动名词和现在分词两种，作定语时意义不一样.,a sleeping boy,a sleeping bag,一个正在睡觉的男孩,一个睡袋,= a boy which is sleeping,= a bag for sleeping,此时，-ing表示被修饰词boy 发出的动作，说明其特征、特点。,此时，-ing 表示被修饰词 bag 的用途。,动名词,现在分词,a walking man,a walking stick,= a man who is walking,= a stick for walking,正在走路的人,供走路用的拐杖,动名词,现在分词,注意：动名词只能单独使用作前置定语， 不能后置,
