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1、现在完成时及其考点,一、现在完成时的结构：,（助动词）have/has+过去分词,二、现在完成时的用法：.“完成法”：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,标志性词：already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、before 、 so far等。,.“未完成法”：表示动作或状态从过去已经开始，持续到现在并有可能延续到将来。,时间状语：for一段时间；since过去点时间。,三、现在完成时的各种句式：,.陈述句：主语 have/has+过去分词其他成分。,.否定句：主语have/has+not+过去分词其他成分。,3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语过去分
2、词其他成分？,4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分？,5.反意疑问句：借助于助动词have/has来完成反意疑问句。,例如：They have lived that village for ten years, havent they ? Li Lei has never read this book, has he ?,四、正确运用have/has been to, have/has gone to,和have/has been in 三种结构。,. have/has been to表示“过去曾去过某地”，但现在已经回来了。,. have/has gone to表示“已去了某地
3、”，现在还没有回来。,. have/has been in 表示“已在某地（呆了多久）”，如果是小地方用at代替in。,四、中考考点：,考点一：考查基本概念 例如： Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know,简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正
4、确答案是。,考点二：考查时间状语 例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 例2. Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 例3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written,例4.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hop
5、e it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better 例5. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 例6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known .
6、 knew 例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see,简析：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类： 现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。 现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开
7、始持续到现在的。 现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。 现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。,考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别 例1.These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 例2._ you _ your homework
8、 yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish,简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a
9、moment ago等）连用。故例、的正确答案皆为B。,B,B,考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法 例1. His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 例2.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 例3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been
10、 . gone . come . arrived,例4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变） His uncle has _ _ _ for two years 例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 例7. I
11、t _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was,D,B,A,C,been dead,joined ago,A,简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下： closebe closed, put onwear , openbe open get upbe up, finish/endbe over , losebe lost , marrybe married(to), get to know know fal
12、l asleep/ go to sleep be asleep ( sleep ) , come/arrivebe here/in , come/get backbe back , go/leave-be away , become be , borrow keep , buyhave , begin/startbe on , diebe dead , joinbe in/be a ember of , catch a cold have a cold等，,考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别 例1. Miss Green isnt
13、 in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 例2. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to .have been,简析：“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。,A,A,See you next time!,
