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1、托福阅读省时技巧 托福阅读想要提升效率加快答题节奏，考生无论是在读*的时候还是解题过程中都需要充分运用各类解题技巧才能达成目标。今天给大家带来了托福阅读从读*到解题各环节省时技巧盘点一览，希望可以帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读从读*到解题各环节省时技巧盘点一览托福阅读各环节省时技巧：长句短读指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子，还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子，以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳，找出其所陈述的要点。这种能力的培养对托福阅读考试的帮助极大，考生应在平时勤加练习。托福阅读各环节省时技巧：抓关键词，准确定位考生在做题过程中，要熟练掌握根据关键词进行定位的技巧。这一技巧可
2、以帮助大家加快解题速度，提高正确率。因为大部分托福阅读题目考查的是考生对*细节的理解，答案基本上都能在*中找到。拿到一个题目，我们先找题干中可以用来定位的关键词，比如专有名词、数字、符号等，然后根据关键词回到原文进行定位。有时候*中不一定会出现和关键词一模一样的词，但很可能是关键词的同义替换词。托福阅读各环节省时技巧：善于使用排除法托福阅读中有些题目枝干信息太多，但都是干扰项，如果逐字阅读的话会很浪费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向，如果有几项答案自相矛盾或者意思明显相反，就可以直接排除，然后再对模糊选项进行确认，这时候再回到正文中细读相关信息就会很省力。一般情况下，排除法是比较容易
3、培养的套路，考生要善于使用这一技巧提高答题速度。托福阅读各环节省时技巧：掌握句子顺序上的变化问句中所含信息与*中相应句子中的信息在顺序上有时可能出现不同，甚至前后完全倒置。这种情况可能会导致迷失答题的方向。还应注意到*中有关问句的信息并非全都能在每个句子中找到，甚至在关键词及短语之间存在一些不相关的信息，这些都会是寻找答案过程中的困难。托福阅读各环节省时技巧：查找同义词、近义词、相关词在托福阅读考试中，能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辩认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。 1.词形完全相同; 2.词义相同，即同义词 ;3.词义相近，但并非同义 ;4.词义相关。上述四种词汇/短语
4、表达方式中，第一种当然容易辩认，第二种同义词也相 对不难，但第三种与第四种形式则不易辩认，所以要在阅读过程中多加比较练习。如能攻破这一关，则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。托福阅读各环节省时技巧：猜读词义托福阅读考试没有必要去读懂每一个词。如所遇到的词对理解全文及答题不构成任何困难，则不必理会它的词义，但所碰到的词使你在理解全文，甚至回答问题时出现困难，则要设法去猜测其词义。 猜测词义要从两方面着手：1、根据其所在句子的上下文，及前后的词语，探其究竟。2、如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，你可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的还是否定的，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够
5、了。以上就是托福阅读从读*到解题各个环节的省时技巧汇总解读，觉得自己阅读时间不够用总是做不完的同学快来学习一下吧。托福阅读素材之微笑的力量托福阅读材料:The hidden power of smiling0:11When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero. I wanted to save the world and make everyone happy. But I knew that Id need superpowers to make my dreams come true. So I used to embark o
6、n these imaginary journeys to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton, which was a lot of fun, but didnt yield much result. When I grew up and realized that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers, I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science, to find a more useful t
7、ruth.0:41I started my journey in California, with a UC Berkeley 30-year longitudinal study that examined the photos of students in an old yearbook, and tried to measure their success and well-being throughout their life. By measuring the students smiles, researchers were able to predict how fulfilli
8、ng and long-lasting a subjects marriage would be,1:03(Laughter)1:04how well she would score on standardized tests of well-being, and how inspiring she would be to others. In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obamas picture. When I first saw his picture, I thought that his superpowers came from
9、 his super collar.1:20(Laughter)1:21But now I know it was all in his smile.1:24Another aha! moment came from a 20XX Wayne State University research project that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards of Major League players. The researchers found that the span of a players smilecould actually predict
10、the span of his life. Players who didnt smile in their pictures lived an average of only 72.9 years, where players with beaming smiles lived an average of almost 80 years.1:52(Laughter)1:54The good news is that were actually born smiling. Using 3D ultrasound technology, we can now see that developin
11、g babies appear to smile, even in the womb. When theyre born, babies continue to smile - initially, mostly in their sleep. And even blind babies smile to the sound of the human voice. Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically uniform expressions of all humans.2:20In studies conducted in Papua N
12、ew Guinea, Paul Ekman, the worlds most renowned researcher on facial expressions, found that even members of the Fore tribe, who were completely disconnected from Western culture, and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,2:36(Laughter)2:37attributed smiles to descriptions of situations t
13、he same way you and I would. So from Papua New Guinea to Hollywood all the way to modern art in Beijing, we smile often, and use smiles to express joy and satisfaction.2:56How many people here in this room smile more than 20 times per day? Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow. Outside of this room, mo
14、re than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day, whereas less than 14 percent of us smile less than five. In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers are actually children, who smile as many as 400 times per day.3:22Have you ever wondered why being around children, who smile so frequentl
15、y, makes you smile very often? A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden found that its very difficult to frown when looking at someone who smiles. You ask why? Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious, and it suppresses the control we usually have on our facial muscles. Mimicking a smile a
16、nd experiencing it physicallyhelps us understand whether our smile is fake or real, so we can understand the emotional state of the smiler.3:58In a recent mimicking study at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France, subjects were asked to determine whether a smile was real or fake while holding
17、a pencil in their mouth to repress smiling muscles. Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges, but with the pencil in their mouth - when they could not mimic the smile they saw - their judgment was impaired.4:21(Laughter)4:23In addition to theorizing on evolution in The Origin of Species, C
18、harles Darwin also wrote the facial feedback response theory. His theory states that the act of smiling itself actually makes us feel better,rather than smiling being merely a result of feeling good. In his study, Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne, who sent electric jolt
19、s to facial muscles to induce and stimulate smiles. Please, dont try this at home.4:52(Laughter)4:54In a related German study, researchers used fMRI imaging to measure brain activity before and after injecting Botox to suppress smiling muscles. The finding supported Darwins theory, by showing that f
20、acial feedback modifies the neural processing of emotional content in the brain, in a way that helps us feel better when we smile. Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism in a way that even chocolate - a well-regarded pleasure inducer - cannot match.5:27British researchers found that one smile
21、 can generate the same level of brain stimulation as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.5:36(Laughter)5:38Wait - The same study found that smiling is as stimulating as receiving up to 16,000 pounds sterling in cash.5:47(Laughter)5:48Thats like 25 grand a smile. Its not bad. And think about it this way: 2
22、5,000 times 400 - quite a few kids out there feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.6:00(Laughter)6:01And unlike lots of chocolate, lots of smiling can actually make you healthier. Smiling can help reduce the level of stress-enhancing hormones like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine, increase the level
23、of mood-enhancing hormones like endorphins, and reduce overall blood pressure.6:19And if thats not enough, smiling can actually make you look good in the eyes of others. A recent study at Penn State University found that when you smile, you dont only appear to be more likable and courteous, but you
24、actually appear to be more competent.6:36So whenever you want to look great and competent, reduce your stress or improve your marriage, or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate without incurring the caloric cost, or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket of an old jacket you
25、hadnt worn for ages, or whenever you want to tap into a superpower that will help you and everyone around you live a longer, healthier, happier life, smile.7:05(Applause)托福阅读备考之事实信息题讲解1. 提问方式：Accordingto paragraph which of the following statements is true of / concerned with /related to X?例：Accordin
26、g toparagraph 1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.? (TPO 28 EarlySaharan Pastoralists)Accordingto paragraph why / how / what.?例：According to paragraph 1, why is playdifficult to define? (TPO 30 Role of Playin Development)分析：通过以上两种不同提问方式可以总结出该题型有以下几个特点：1). 该题型是就某段话当中的某个细节信息(即提问方式1中
27、的X)进行提问。2). 该题型可以围绕该细节信息的不同方面进行提问，通过特殊疑问词which;what; why; how可以看出。3). 由于题干中未出现infer;suggest; indicate等字样，所以该题型旨在考察文本信息的字面含义，无需考生进行文本的隐含意推理。2. 解题步骤：Step 1: 读题干，找出定位词注意：如果是提问方式1, 那么定位词则是位于介词of/with/ to后面的信息。如果是提问方式2, 那么定位词一般是名词，并且是非主题性的名词(当然定位词不一定只能找一个，一般可以找2到3个，因为定位词越多相对定位的位置也会越精确。)例：Accordingto para
28、graph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge toresearchers who study play behavior in animals?(TPO30 Role of Play in Development)分析：通过提问方式类似于第1种提问方式，其实题干可以改写成whichof the following statements is true of the challenge to researchers who 因此，定位词应该是位于介词of后面的challenge toresearchers。至于后面
29、的playbehavior就不需要了，因为它属于通篇的主题词。Accordingto paragraph 4, how did the Catholic Church react to the introduction ofmechanical clocks? (TPO 30 The Inventionof Mechanical Clock)分析：通过提问方式属于第2种提问方式，因此考生们应该在题干中找出名词部分，考生们可以看到两组名词：CatholicChurch和MechanicalClocks, 并且这两组词都是我们所需要的定位词。Paragraph5 answers which of
30、the following questions about mechanical clocks. (TPO 30 The Invention of Mechanical Clock)分析：通过题干找出题干中唯一疑似的定位词组Mechanical Clocks, 但是却发现整篇*都在讨论MechanicalClocks。这种类型的提问方式是考生们最怕看到的，因为定位词无效。此刻建议考生们可以反过来先读选项，然后根据选项中的定位词回读段落寻找答案。Step 2: 通过题干中定位词回原文进行定位。注意：在定位的过程中考生们可能会遇到以下2个问题：问题1：定位词在原文中可能是非原文原词(如果是专有名词
31、一般在原文中就是原文原词，但如果是普通名词则有可能是非原文原词)。例1：定位词为原文原词的情况Paragraph 1: Evolutionary biologists believe thatspeciation, the formation of a new species, often begins when some kind ofphysical barrier arises and divides a population of a single species intoseparate subpopulations. Physical separation between subp
32、opulations promotesthe formation of new species because once the members of one subpopulation canno longer mate with members of another subpopulation, they cannot exchangevariant genes that arise in one of the subpopulations. In the absences of geneflow between the subpopulations, genetic difference
33、s between the groups beginto accumulate. Eventually the subpopulations become so genetically distinctthat they cannot interbreed even if the physical barriers between them wereremoved. At this point the subpopulations have evolved into distinct species.This route to speciationis known as allopatry(“
34、alio-” means “different”，and “patria” means “homeland”).(TPO31 Speciationin Geographically Isolated Populations)Q: According to paragraph 1, allopatric speciation involveswhich of the following?分析：此题干中的定位词为allopatric speciation, 为专有名词，在原文中为原文原词，即最后一句话为定位句。例2：定位词为非原文原词的情况Paragraph 2: Playappears to b
35、e a developmental characteristic of animals with fairlysophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studiedmost extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play isstill a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not bethe same for ev
36、ery species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficultbecause the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing upuntil the animals adulthood. (TPO30 Role of Play in Development)According toparagraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge toresear
37、chers who study play behavior in animals?O The delay between activities and the benefitsthe animal derives from them.O The difficulty in determining which animalspecies play and which do not.O The fact that for most animals, there is noclear transition from youth to full adulthood.O The lack of rese
38、arch on the play behavior ofanimals other than canids and primates.分析：此题干中的定位词为challenge researchers, 在原文中考生们无法找到这两个定位词，但是可以找到challenge的同义替换形式difficult, 因此该句即是我们所需要的定位句。问题2：定位词在原文中出现不止一次。Paragraph 7: Occasionally, a sequence offossil-rich layers of rock permits a comprehensive look at one type of or
39、ganismover a long period of time. For example, Peter Sheldon s studies of trilobites, a now extinct marineanimal with a segmented body, offer a detailed glimpse into three million yearsof evolution in one marine environment. In that study, each of eight different trilobitespecies was observed to und
40、ergo a gradual change in the number of segments -typically an increase of one or two segments over the whole time interval. Nosignificant discontinuous were observed, leading Sheldon to conclude thatenvironmental conditions were quite stable during the period he examined. (TPO30 The Pace of Evolutio
41、nary Change)According toparagraph 7, Peter Sheldons studies demonstrated which of the following abouttrilobites?O They underwent gradual change over a longtime periodO They experienced a number of discontinuoustransitions during their historyO They remained unchanged during a long periodof environme
42、ntal stabilityO They evolved in ways that cannot be countedfor by either of the two competing theories.分析：通过题干找出定位词Peter Sheldon trilobites, 然后回读原文进行定位，考生们会发现这两组定位词在原文中分别出现2次。因此，考生们需要定位的范围变大，难度由此也加大了。这种类型的事实信息题是考生们在考场上最不愿意看到的一种，但是很不幸的是由最新的几套TPO中的例题显示这种类型的题目正在变多，所以朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家请各位考生平时在练习时加大这种类型的考题的练习
43、。Step3: 比较定位句与选项的内容，选出语义最接近的选项。注意：1). 考生们所看到的定位句可能是一个非常长的句子，而选项相对比较简短，所以考生们一定要学会从长难句中截取你所需要的能回答问题的部分。简单点说就是比如题干中问你why.;那么，此时考生们在分析原文定位句时应该重点看because这种能够解释的部分。2). 考生们在比较定位句与选项时切忌不能随意推理，只需要把握文本的字面意思即可。例1：Paragraph 3: To what extent competition determines the composition of acommunity and the density o
44、f particular species has been the source ofconsiderable controversy. The problem is that competition ordinarily cannot beobserved directly but must be inferred from the spread or increase of onespecies and the concurrent reduction or disappearance of another species. TheRussian biologist G. F. Gause
45、 performed numerous two-species experimentsin the laboratory, in which one of the species became extinct when only asingle kind of resource was available. On the basis of these experiments and offield observations, the so-called law of competitive exclusion was formulated,according to which no two s
46、pecies can occupy the same niche. Numerousseeming exceptions to this law have since been found, but they can usually beexplained as cases in which the two species, even though competing for a majorjoint resource, did not really occupy exactly the same niche. (TPO 29 Competition)Paragraph 3 supports
47、the idea that Gauses experiments were importantbecause theyO provided a situation in whichcompetition could be removed from the interaction between two speciesO showed that previous ideasabout the extent to which competition determines the composition of a communitywere completely mistakenO helped e
48、stablish thatcompetition will remove all but one species from any given ecological nicheO offered evidence thatcompetition between species is minimal when there is an overabundance of asingle food source解题步骤：1). 读题干，找出定位词Gauses experiments, 然后把握题目问的内容是有关于G的实验的importance。2). 通过定位词回到原文进行定位，位于第三句话。但是第三句只提到了定位词之一，接下来的第四句中提到了由此形成了一个law, 可以对应题干中想问
