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1、第8单元 主语的翻译,广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院李 明 教授 博士,一、课前练笔,Extremely keen competition between American and Japanese vehicle manufacturers in the American market has compelled us to bring down the price for the time being. 美国汽车制造商同日本汽车制造商在美国市场上竞争异常激烈，这迫使我方将价格暂时降下来。,Banks efforts toward corporate restructuring, such a
2、s reducing their employees high salaries and consolidating and eliminating branches, are far from adequate. 各家银行对公司进行了重组，如减少雇员的高工资，整合或撤销不同的分公司等，这些努力，都远远难以奏效。,二、翻译方法讲解,英语句子主语同汉语句子主语的主要差别在于：（一）“英语较常用物称表达法，即不用人称来叙述，而让事物以客观的口气呈现出来”（连淑能，1993:76），“汉语则较常用人称主语表达，往往注意什么人怎么样了”（连淑能，1993:77-78），如：, Concerns hav
3、e been raised over the ability of Internet banking services to verify the identity of new depositors or to guarantee the security of customer transactions. 译文：就网上银行服务是否有能力证实新存款人的身份或者是否有能力确保客户交易安全这一问题，已经受到人们的高度关注。,（二）英语使用“无灵主语”（即使用表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等的名词充当主语），同“有灵动词”（即表示人或社会团体的动作和行为的动词，如see, find,
4、bring, give, escape, surround, kill, deprive, seize, send, know, permit, invite, drive等）搭配使用的句式非常之多，相比之下，汉语中则往往将“有灵动词”同表示人称的名词搭配，因为“根据汉人的思维，人或社会团体才有这类有意识、有意志的行为，非人类的、无生命的事物一般只能有一些无意识、无意志的状态、运动或变化”（连淑能，1993:80）。,（三）英语中使用非人称代词“it”做主语的情况非常之多。第一，用作先行词，代替真正的主语或宾语。如：It never occurred to me that she was so
5、 dishonest.（我从来也没有想到她这么不诚实。）或用于 it is said that, it is thought that, it is believed that, it is felt that, it is well known that, it is considered that, it is found that, it is reported that等被动句式中，“it”所代替的是后面的“that”从句，如：It is well known that when fuels such as coal, oil and gas are burned, energy is
6、 released.（众所周知，煤、油和天然气之类的燃料燃烧时会释放出能量。）,第二，用作虚义词，它所代替的主语是难以言明的现象或情形。如：It is only half an hours walk from here to the campus.（只要走半个钟头就可以从这里到达校园。）第三，用作强调词，汉语翻译时往往无法被译成汉语。如：It is here that we first met each other.（我们是在这里初次见面的。）（李明，2010: 71-72）,英语句子的主语时所采用的翻译方法： This consideration decided our invitation
7、 to the mayor for the first China National Stone Products Fair.译文：基于这一考虑，我们决定邀请市长参加第一届全国石材产品展销会。, Opposition from the companys labor union and business partners emerged as obstacles to the signing of an agreement. 译文：该公司的工会及其业务伙伴提出了反对意见，这成为签订协议的障碍。 The dollars accelerated depreciation could hurt not
8、 only the Japanese economy, but the global economy as a whole. 译文：美元在加速贬值，它所损害的不仅仅是日本经济，还有整个世界的经济。, The secret to the companys robust performance is the excellence in its total production system, from the initial development and design through to procurement and production. 译文：该公司运行稳健，其秘密就在于其整体生产体系，
9、即从初期的开发和设计一直到采购和生产等，都非常卓越。,The cool summer pushed down the sales of seasonal products such as air conditioners and beverages. 这个夏天非常凉爽，这使得诸如空调和饮料之类的季节性产品的销量大为下降。The 2010-2011 financial year saw a moderate growth in business volumes in its core services and the department achieved a surplus of $42 mi
10、llion.二零一零至二零一一财政年度，该部门在核心服务方面的业务量出现了适度增长，获得了4,200万美元的盈余。,A major factor behind the recent market upswing is a marked increase in listed companies transaction to buy back their outstanding shares. 最近的市场呈日益上升的态势，这背后的主要原因是，上市公司在购回各自已经发行的股票的交易上有了显著增加。,Improvement in the corporate sectors performance re
11、flects the growth in profits by corporations from their main line of business as a result of a rise in retail prices due to increasing exports and domestic demand. 公司部门的业绩提高了，这反映出由于出口和国内需求增加而导致的零售价格上升，各家公司从各自的主业中获取的利润增长了。,Economic issues featured very largely in the Prime Ministers speech. 首相的讲话中很大一
12、部分涉及经济问题。A rapid growth in freight volume along Asian maritime routes contributed to an increase in freight charges. 亚洲海运航线上的货物运输量快速地增加了，这导致了货物运费的增加。,Any sudden rush by the banks to withdraw existing loans from corporate borrowers could seriously damage the economy. 不管哪家银行，凡是突然急匆匆地从借款机构那里抽回现行贷款的做法，都
13、有可能严重损害经济。,Consumption was supported by robust sales in information technology devices, including personal computers and cell phones. 包括个人电脑和手机在内的信息技术产品的销售出现了强劲的势头，这大大促进了消费。,Temporary economic upswings since the collapse of the bubble economy did not permeate small and midsize corporations and non-manufacturing businesses.自泡沫经济崩溃以来，经济得到了短暂的回升，但这种情况并未渗透到中小型企业和非制造业企业中间。,Signs of improvement in the US job market triggered a rebound in a measure of consumer sentiment in the economy in October. 有迹象表明，美国的就业市场回暖，这引发了10月份消费者对经济信心的反弹。,
