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1、英语构词法,1. affixation 词缀法2. Compounding 合成法3. conversion 词性转换法4. Acronym 首字母缩略词5. clipping 剪切法 缩短法6. blending 混合法7. Onomatopoeia 拟声法8. borrowing words from other languages(外来语) 9. adding new meaning into existing words (已有词汇增加新词意),1 affixation 词缀法,是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化,只有少数能引起词类的
2、变化。 mis- + understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 误解 en- + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 扩大 (Page 247: Appendix III),后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。humor n. 幽默 - humorous adj. 幽默的real adj. 真实的 - realize v. 实现trend n. 潮流,时尚 - trendy adj. 时尚的特殊情况:help n. 帮助 - helpless adj. 无助的duty n. 关税 - dutyfree adj. 免税的,1 affixa
3、tion 词缀法,2 Compounding 合成法,由两个或两个以上的单词组成新的单词n.+n.six-year-old greenhouse baby-sitter snowfallTheme park mail ordermother-tongue doorbellsister-in-law death penaltysunglasses mineral watersunflower credit cardbestman houseworkbridesmaid shoe shop,n.+adj=n./adjcolor-blind duty-freeworld-famous toothac
4、hen.+v-ing=n./adjproof-reading watch-makinghand-writting record-breakingearth shaking peace-loving n+v-ed=adjhand-made heart - broken,adj.+n. =n.shorthand white-face (?) first-class high-speed long-distance quick-chargeadj.+v-ing/v-ed =adj.new-born good-looking deep-breathingfar-reaching cold-bloode
5、d left-handed adv.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.hard-woking fast-developing well-known newly-built,v-ing.+n.=nsitting room dining car running waterworking people flying fishv.+n.=n.pickpocket (?) breakwater(放浪堤) workplacev.+adv.=n.get-together take-away(熟食)die-hard(死硬派) breakthrough workout,3 conversion 词性转化法,是指有
6、一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.water n. 水 - water v. 浇水hand n. 手 - hand in上交 v.telephone n.电话 - telephone v. 打电话look v. 看 - take a look n.empty adj. 空的 - To empty the basket v.stop v. 停止 - n.车站interest.waste.present.close. back. spareage.amount.damage.dawn.desert.cost.bare.last.lift.line.labour.h
7、it.object.open.mean.stampmatch.place.sound.spring.spot.treasure.sense,4 Acronym(首字母缩略词),CAD; VIP; WHO; BBC; OPEC; AIDS; CIA; CEO; NPC; FBIcomputer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 very important person 重要的人;贵宾world health organization 世界卫生组织British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司Organization of Petroleum Export
8、ing Countries石油输出国组织Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 爱滋病;获得性免疫功能丧失综合症Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Chief Executive Officer(公司等的)总经理,总裁National Peoples Congress(中国)全国人民代表大会Federal Bureau of Investigation (美国)联邦调查局,5 Clipping 剪切法,从某个词的完整形式中截取一个或更多音节Lab-laboratory 图书馆auto-automobile 汽车Gas-gasolin
9、e 汽油Copter-helicopter 直升飞机Scope-telescope 望远镜Flu-influenza 流感fridge-refrigerator 冰箱ad-advertisement 广告phone-telephone 电话,6 Blending 混合法,Comsat = communication + satellite 通讯卫星Smog = smoke + fog 烟雾motel = motor + hotel brunch = breakfast + lunch,7. Onomatopoeia 拟声法,Onomatopoeia ,nmtpi: 拟声法拟声词(echo wo
10、rds):发音与其所指之间存在很多自然的相似关系。cuckoo;mew;ding-dong;click; quack; hiss杜鹃; 猫; 门铃;键盘、门锁; 鸭子; 蛇Echo-words(拟声词) are universal features in any language.,8 Borrowing words from other languages 外来语,来自汉语:jiaozi 饺子Stinky tofu 臭豆腐 Pinyin 拼音 paper tiger 纸老虎 kungfu 功夫Confucius 孔子,来自日语:bengto 便当judo 柔道karaoke 卡拉OKkimo
11、no 和服sushi 寿司tsunami 海啸tatami 榻榻米,来自印第安语:canoe 独木舟Eskimo 爱斯基摩人hurricane 飓风,来自法语:salon 沙龙 sl:n resume 简历rzu:mnaive 天真的nai:vsouvenir 纪念品su:vnrfiance 未婚夫fi:nse,9 Adding new meaning into existing words已有词汇赋予新词义,Break (霹雳舞)mouse (鼠标)dove (主和派人物)hawk (主战派人物)country (乡村音乐的)beehive (女子蜂窝式发式),bread (美俚,钱)apple-pie (典型的美国价值观)conference call (电话会议),