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1、分词,Participle,现在分词: 表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词: 表示动作是被动的和完成 分词的结构,3. 作宾语补足语,2. 作定语,4. 作状语,1. 作表语,分词在句中可作的成分,P59依次分析每句话中，分词作什么成分：定语原因状语定语宾补伴随状语原因状语,I. Past participle used as attributes （定语）,1.位置: 单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。,The stolen car was found by the police last week. The speaker answered
2、all the questions raised by the audience.,2.作用-相当于一个定语从句,（2）The book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.,=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?,（1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？,=The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.,考点：分词的进行式表示
3、动作正在进行,试比较：The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）2. The problem being discussed now has nothing to do with daily life. （表示正在进行）,三级链接,The new airpot (build) _ now is 30 miles away from the city and is much larger than old one.答案： being built. 空格处需用现在分词的被动语态来表示被动和正
4、在进行的动作，且在句中作定语，修饰先行词airport.,2. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C.,did not inlude women players until 1912. plays B. to play C. playing D. played答案： D。 本题考查非谓语动词。分词短语做后置定语，与所修饰的词有被动或动宾的关系，只能用过去分词。,考点：现在分词通常用来修饰物；过去分词通常用来修饰人或与人感情色彩、面部表情相关的词。,an interesting story; a surprised look an exciting football m
5、atch; a group of excited football fans a shocking news; a shocked face,常见的这类此有：interesting interested encouraging encouraged delightingdelighted disappointingdisappointed pleasingpleased puzzlingpuzzled satisfyingsatisfied surprisingsurprised worrying-worried,II. Past participles used as predictive（
6、表语）1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态， 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。The window is broken.The inner gate was locked.She was greatly excited.,2. 与现在分词作表语的区别：现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人”，有主动意思。,e.g. How disappointing the election is!,过去分词：主语的感受，“感到”，有被动意思。,e.g. They feel disappointed at the election.,三级链接,She looked_ (tire) with cooking.答案：
7、tired,过去分词修饰人物。“她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦”。 2. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed答案: A .此题中的“ got + separated ”表示状态， separated 为过去分词作表语。“ get/ be separated ”常与 from 连用，故答案为 A .,III. Past participle used as the Object Complement (宾语补足语),1. 表“希望，要求”的动词：
8、want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) done 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被”,e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.,Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.,2. 表“感觉， 心理状态”的动词：,see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(宾语) + p.p3. 使役动词和类似使役动词的动词: make, get, have, keep ,leave, etc.+ p.p,考点：过
9、去分词, 不定式, 现在分词作宾补的 区别。三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。,试比较：I saw her come into the classroom.（强调看见进入教室这个动作的全过程）I saw her coming into the classroom.（强调看见进入教室这个动作正在发生的瞬间。）I saw her taken out of the classroom.（强调动作take和主语her之间的被动关系。）,三级链接,1. We saw the thief _(ca
10、tch) by the police.答案： caught.2. People found the water_.（pollute）答案：polluted3. Have you heard a pop song_（sing） in Japanese?答案： sung4. He had his watch _ (repair).答案：repaired.,4. with / without宾语宾补(过去分词)当这一动词（及物动词）和with后的宾语在逻辑上是被动关系，而且该动作已经发生过了，动词必须用过去分词。,Do you know the man with his hair tied back
11、? 你看见那个扎辫子的男人没？2. The fellow stood there with his hands crossed . 这个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。3. The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in . 庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。4. With the homework finished, I went to bed. 做完作业，我就上床睡觉了。,三级链接,The policeman kept his eyes _ on the screen of the computer to identify t
12、he criminals footprints. (2006年12月真题) A. fixed B. fixing C. being fixed D. to fix答案： A。 本题考查分词做宾补， eyes和 fix之间是被动关系，故选A。,IV. Past participle used as the Adverbial(状语),过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。,e.g. 1. Asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.,过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句,(When he was) asked why he didnt do it, he bega
13、n to cry.,e.g. 2. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.,过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句,(If I am) given more time, Ill catch up with you.,e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.,过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句,(Because he was) born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people
14、there.,e.g. 4. Defeated many times, they continue to fight.,过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句,(Although they had been) defeated many times, they continued to fight.,e.g.5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.,表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。,The teacher entered the classroom (and he was fol
15、lowed) by a group of student.,过去分词作状语时, 为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when, as, if 等等.,4. Although defeated many times, they continue to fight.,3. As / Because born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.,2. If given more time, Ill catch up with you.,1. When asked why he didnt do i
16、t, he began to cry.,注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.,注意：1） 现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别,_London (夜里参观伦敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream.,_ (当有人夜里来访)at night , you must make sure the visitor really your friend.,When visiting,When visited,选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
17、,_ (写完了所有的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.,Having finished all my letters,_ (信写完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write it.,Finished,从山顶看， 我们能看到一个美丽的公园。,从山顶看， 公园很美丽。,Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful park.,Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beauti
18、ful.,_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress),be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in； be devoted to； be supposed to； be caught in the rain； be seated in； be prepared for； be determined to,Lost,2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态,Dressed,类似的还有：,g
19、enerally speaking 一般说来, Given 鉴于, judging from/by 根据来看,固定用法：,Considering考虑到, supposing that假如, talking of说到, seeing (that)鉴于，由于,三级链接,The research group has submitted a report, (suggest) _ reforms to be made. (2007年6月真题)答案：suggesting. 分词在句中作状语，句中suggest 和the research group之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词suggesting.,2.
20、 _ to find the proper job, he decided to give up job-hunting in this city.（2006年12月真题） A. Failed B. Being failed C. To fail D. Having failed答案： D。首先fail和主句主语 he一致，两者之间是主谓关系，故要选择现在分词。其次fail这个动作发生在主句动作decide之前，故选择现在分词的完成式having failed.,Exercises P60DBBCAC,巩固练习1. _ with the best students, I still have
21、a long way to go.A. Having compared B. To compareC. Compared D. Compare2. The music of the film _ by him sounds so _ .A. playing, exciting B. played, excitedC. playing, excited D. played, exciting3. _ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home. A. Warned B. Having warned C. To warn D. H
22、aving been warned,4. In _ countries, you cant always make yourself _ by speaking English.A. English-speaking, understand B. English-spoken, understand C. English-speaking, understood D. English-spoken, understood5. After _ the old man, the doctor suggested that he _ a bad cold. A. examining, should
23、catch B. examined, had caught C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch,6. _, Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it. A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer7. _ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.
24、A. Having not known B. Not to know C. Dont know D. Not knowing答案: 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D,The managers discussed the plan thatthey would like to see_the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointedto see the washing machine she had ha
25、d_went wrong again.A.it B. it repairedC.repaired D. to be repaired,3.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being settled4.With trees,flowers and grass_everywhere, my native town had takenanew look.A.planting B.plantedC.t
26、o plant D.to be planted,5. She was glad to see her child well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday. A.knowing B. known C.to know D.to be known7. I can make you _what I say,but you cant make yourself_in E
27、nglish. A.understand; understand B.understand; understood C.to understand; understand D.understand; to be understood,8.He found them_at a table_A.sat; to play chessB.sitting; to play chessC.seated; playing chessD.seat; play the chess9. John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving; unlocked B.leav
28、ing; unlockingC.left, unlocked D.to leave;unlocking,10.We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly.A .settled B .settling C.be settled D .having been settled11.I could feel the wind _on my face from an open window.A .to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D .blown12. in thought, he almost ran into the
29、car in front of him.(96) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose13. The computer center, _last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (94) A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened,14. The research is so designed that once nothingcan be done to change it. (02) A. Begins B.
30、having begun C. beginning D. begun15. When , the museum will be open to the public next year .(02) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed16. The lecture _ will be given the day after tomorrow. A. has been talked about B. to talk about C. so much talked about D. so much talking of17. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,
