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1、英语语态（一）,语态,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(The Active Voice)被动语态( The Passive Voice),语态,A. 主动语态(The Active Voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者。 We finished the work.B.被动语态( The Passive Voice) 表示主语是动作的承受着。 The work was finished by us.注： 后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态。,被动语态：由助动词be+ V p.p（动词过去分词）构成1）时态通过be表现，be 动词随时态、人称的 变化而变化，如： am/ is / are + V(过去分
2、词） was/ were+ V(过去分词） will be + V(过去分词）,被动语态,被动语态：由助动词be+ V p.p（动词过去分词）构成2）过去分词的变化规则：a. 规则动词的过去分词：a) 一般情况在动词原形后加-ed play-playedb) 以不发音e结尾的加-d practice-practicedc) 以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed study-studied以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写 该辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped,b. 不规则动词的过去分词 （多记，多累积）,am,is,are,been,have,has,had,do,do
3、ne,write,written,go,gone,被动语态：由助动词be+ V p.p（动词过去分词）构成2）过去分词的变化规则：,被动语态,They plant trees in spring.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Trees,are planted,by,them,被动语态的转换,in spring.,被动语态,Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,被动语态的转换,被动语态,His brother washes hands every day.,主,谓,
4、宾(受动者),Hands,are washed,by,his brother,every day.,被动语态的转换,主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。,被动语态,1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语 及动 宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,变为被动语态,2. They bought a car last year,A car was bought (by them) last year.一般过去时：S (
5、主语） + was/were +过去分词,变为被动语态,3Tina can take care of Gina ,Gina can be taken care of by Tina.情态动词：S (主语）+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,变为被动语态,各种时态的被动语态构成(一） 1)一般现在时： You are asked to do this.2)一般过去时： The story was told by her.3) 情态动词： The work can be finished smoothly.,想一想,各种时态的被动语态构成(一）,被动语态,英语语态（二）
6、,主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。,被动语态,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：,S+am/is /are +P.P.S+was/were +P.P.S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.S+ will+be+ P.P.S+ am/is/are + being + P.P.S+ have/has + been+ P.P.S+ was/were+being+ P.P.,They will finish the work in ten days.,The
7、work will be finished (by them)in ten days.,一般将来时：S+ will + be+过去分词,The workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by the workers now.,现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,We have made forty keys,Forty keys have been made by us.,现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词,I was doing my homework
8、 at 8:00 last night,My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.,过去进行时： S+ was/were + being+过去分词,1. 行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作 的执行者时。 Football is played all over the world 全世界都踢足球。2. 不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。 My bike was stolen 我的自行车被盗了。,何时使用被动语态呢？,3. 汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。It is said that he
9、falls in love with her.It was reported that she died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that ,何时使用被动语态呢？,4. 汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。 Tina is asked to come by David Tina是被David叫来的。5. 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。 He was born in October，2019,何时使用被动语态呢？,不可用被动语态的情况,1. 某些表示状态或关系的及物动词 常见: cost（花费）, become（适合）
10、 have（有）, hold（容纳） lack（缺乏）, last（维持） possess（拥有）, equal（等于） contain（包括）, own（占有） belong to（属于）, consist of（包含）等 The newly built school holds 3,000 people. 新建的学校容纳3000人。,2. 反身代词或相互代词作宾语的主动句通常 无被动结构。 The doctor dedicated himself to finding a cure for the disease. 这位医生一生致力于发现治疗这种疾病的方法 They could hardl
11、y see each other in the darkness. 在黑暗中他们彼此几乎看不见对方。,不可用被动语态的情况,1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,变被动语态,3.I found the ticket on the
12、 floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,变被动语态,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,w
13、as made to have,can be,used,变被动语态,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,变被动语态,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.
14、2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,变被动语态,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,变被动语态,12.He can mend the bike in two
15、days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,变被动语态,14.The students study German in this school.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,变被动语态,1)Teenagers should _ (allow) to go out at night.2)The telephone _ (invent) by Bell.3) English _ (speak) in China.4) The car _ (make) in China.5) The room must _ (clean) every day.,be allowed,was invented,is spoken,is made,be cleaned,变被动语态,
