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1、,The Subjunctive Mood虚 拟 语 气,Grammar,He has Day dreaming ,英语中的三种语气,陈述语气：用于陈述事实。祈使语气：用于提出请求、命令等。虚拟语气：表示说话人说的不是事实而是一种假设、猜想等。表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。,一.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法,条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。,（1）真实条件句：假设的情况是有可能发生的。,If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.,（2）虚拟条件句：假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来都不可能发生的。,If
2、he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.,1.与现在事实相反,从句-过去式(be通常用were)，主句-should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：,If I knew her number I could ring her up.,If he were free, he would help us.,Should用于第一三人称would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性,If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.
3、,1.如果我是只鸟，我就能在天上飞了。,I f I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.,2.If I _(有) a knife，I _(就杀了) you。,had,would kill,2.与将来事实相反或将来的愿望推测,从句-did /should +do /were to do主句-should/ would/ could/ might +do,If he got up early,he would be on time.,3、与过去事实相反,从句had done主句should/ would/ could/ might +have done,If h
4、e _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法总结,时态,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,did / were,would/could/should/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1. did / were2. should do3. were to do,would/could/should/might + V.(原),had done,二： 交叉虚拟,主
5、从句动作发生的时间不同时，按时间来确定虚拟形式。If the weather had been better, the crops would be growing still better.,If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,当If条件句中有were, had, should这三个助动词时，可将If省略，从而将这三个助动词放到句首。,wi
6、thout和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是),Without sunlight, peoples life would be difficult .But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.,otherwise, or, or else等的虚拟用法 She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.,高考链接：Jack cant have arrived yet, otherwise he _ me.
7、would phoned B. phonedC. would have phoned D. had phoned,三、虚拟语气在名词从句中的用法 A.用于宾语从句,wish + 宾语从句,现在：过去：将来：,过去时 (did/were),过去完成时 (had done),would/could/might/should+V.,2. would rather -,现在：过去：未来：,I would rather you paid me now. (现在),I would rather you had gone, too. (过去),Dont come. I would rather you ca
8、me tomorrow. (未来),过去时,过去时,过去完成时,Would/had rather (not) have done sth宁愿过去（没）做了某事,一个坚持：insist两个命令：order, command三个建议：advise, suggest, propose四个要求：demand, require, request, desire,从句谓语动词使用“（should）+V原形”,He suggested that we (should) go home at once.如果suggest表示“暗示，表明”、insist表示“坚持说/认为”时，从句用陈述语气。,主句的主语如果是
9、表示说话人的愿望（wish/desire）建议（suggestion/advice/proposal）要求（requirement/demand）命令（order/command）等名词，表语从句谓语动词用“（should）+V原形”,Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.,虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用,如果同位语从句所修饰的名词是表示说话人的愿望，建议，要求，命令等名词时。从句谓语动词用“（should）+V原形”,The suggestion that students (should) learn something p
10、ractical is worth considering.,在句型“Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important/vital + that ”从句的动词要用虚拟，即使用(should)+动词原形,虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用,Its necessary that we should have a walk now.,考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A. took B. have to take C. must take D. take,D,His suggestion that you
11、_ once more sounds reasonable.,A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try,A,在as if/ though引导的从句中，若表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。,虚拟语气在as if/ though从句中的使用,She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.,用于If only 引导的感叹句 （用法同wish）if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。,If only I were rich. If only I had listened to my parents! If only she would go with me!,在句型“Its amazing/ strange/ surprising/ astonishing/ a shame that”以及“Im surprised, Im sorry/ I regret + that 从句”，表示说话人的惊异，懊悔，失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意，从句中谓语动词使用“should do”的虚拟结构。,It is amazing that he (should) behave so rudely.,Thank you!Bye-bye!,
