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1、一个美丽的女孩 a beautiful girl,beautiful,（形容词作前置定语）,一个穿白色衣服的女孩,a girl in white,in white,（介词短语作后置定语）,一个正唱歌的女孩,a girl is singing,who,is singing,（定语从句）,定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。,什么是定语？,Li Ming is a boy.,Li Ming has a pair of _
2、glasses.,形容词作定语,在复合句中，对一个名词或代词进行修饰或限定的从句叫做定语从句。,good,Li ming is a boy who/that is good.,从句做定语,red,Li Ming has a pair of glasses which/that is red.,从句做定语,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句（没有逗号隔开）,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）,He is the man whom/that I saw yesterda
3、y.,The novel , which I have read three times, is very toughing.,先行词,引导词(关系词）,从句,Li ming is a boy who/that is good.,（被修饰的名词或代词）,（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）,修饰先行词的句子,一、定语从句结构分析：先行词+引导词+从句,This is the card that Ive just received.,先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）,引导词（引导从句的词）,从句,关系代词,关系副词,who,that ,which ,whom, whose,Where, when,why,
4、二、引导定语从句的关系词,指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，of whichwherewhenwhy,关系代词,关系副词,关系代词做句子成分关系副词不做句子成分,什么是句子成分？,五大基本句型,1.主语+谓语vi,2.主语+谓语vt+宾语,3.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾语,4.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾补,5.主语+系动词+表语,成分：主语or宾语,缺成分找代词不缺找副词,1.Harry Porter is a boy _has magic power.2.Do you know the man _ we saw at t
5、he Beijing Hotel? 3.I know the girl _mother is a teacher. 4.Hospital is a place _a doctor works,Who/that,where,whose,whom,实战演练,1.This is beijing_is beautiful.2.This is beijing_I vivsted.3.This is beijing_I lived.4.There is a house_roof is broken.,which/that,which/that/不,where/in which,whose,主 代词宾 代词
6、不缺 副词的 所属,1.He is the teacher _ can speak French.2. Im not interested in the book_ has just been published.3. The teacher praised the student _English is the best in our class.4. I still remember the day _ I first came to the school. 5.I want to know the place _ I was born.6.I know the reason _ he w
7、as late.,Who/tnat,which/that,when,where,why,whose,1.Do you know the reason _she was late.,2. This is the town _ I was born. This is the town _ I visited last week.3. I will never forget the day _ I came to school.I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.4. This is the reason _ he was late. Thi
8、s is the reason _ he told me. The reason _he explained is not true.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,why,whose 在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。,This is the book whose cover is blue.,This is the book of which the cover is blue,This is the book the cover of whi
9、ch is blue,Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class,Do you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whomvery short in our class?,He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday,He is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday.,Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. He
10、r legs were badly hurt.,Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.,We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story.,We shall make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have told you.,.,The chair is being repaired now.The legs of the chair are broken.,The
11、chair,whose legs are broken the legs of which are broken, of which the legs are broken is being repaired now.,The boss of the company told the story about . His name was Mr Little.,The boss of the company, whose name was Mr Little, told the story about Ms King,This teacher is liked by all the studen
12、ts.I work with her son.,This teacher,with whose son I work, is liked by all the students,The boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.,The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.,1 The river _are covered with trees is very long. A which banks B
13、 of which banks C whose the banks D the banks of which2 she likes to use words _is clear to him.A of which the meaning B of which meaningC whose of meaning D meaning of which3 Themanager_company they worked agreed _their decision.A which, with B in which, to C whose, with D in whose, with4 Look! The
14、 dictionary ,_is red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. A which cover B the cover of which C the whose cover D that the cover5 Mr Brown,_, works as the manager of the company.A we got here in his car B we got here by carC in whose car we got here D by whose car we got here,D,A,D,B,C,6 Will you
15、 please show me the girl _name is Linda? A who B whom C whose D which7 It was a meeting ,_importance I did not realize at the time. A which B of which C its D whose8 Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south? A whose B which C which of D its9 what about the watch price is 100 yuan？
16、 A that B its C which D whose 10 We telephoned the man home we lived in 1996. A whose B in whose C of which D his 11 Mark Twins , for _life had once been very hard, wrote many famous novels. A whose B who C whom D his 12 There is a mountain _is always covered with snow. A whose the top B of which to
17、p C its top D of which the top,C,D,A,D,B,C,D,As 也可以用来引导定语从句.,当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same时,关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.
18、I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.,when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The hous
19、e where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.,why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the yea
20、r when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league,on which,where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,This is the house where I lived two years ago.,in which,why在定语从
21、句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）”。,Do you know the reason why she was late.,It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.,1. This is the town _ I was born. This is the town _ I visited last week.2. I will never forget the day _ I came to school. I will never forget the day _ I spent with you
22、.3. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he told me. The reason _he explained is not true.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,“介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意： 1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked
23、 in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper.,on which,during which,in which,by which,B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?3) Have
24、you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab., The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him,The boy (whom/that) you want t
25、o talk to is in the lab.,The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab., This is the boy. I sit behind him.,This is the boy (whom/that) I sit behind.,This is the boy behind whom I sit.,Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now,Do you find the pen (which/that) I wrote with just now?,Do you find
26、the pen with which I wrote just now?,关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：,1.介词 + whomwhich,The woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army,2.介词 短语 + whichwhom,The fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well.,3. 不定代词 或数词 +whichwhom,There are many books here , none of which belongs
27、 to me.China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.,4.名词+ of which,Sh mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.,She mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.,part of whom/which,There are 23 students in our class, A:_(他们都） love mothers deeply. B:_ （大多数） are
28、 from countryside. C:_ （有些）are from Xiabancheng D:_（没有一个）are from Beijing,all of whom,most of whom,some of whom,none of whom,There are 23 students in our class. (,and) A:_ (他们都） love mothers deeply. B:_ （大多数） are from countryside. C:_ （有些） are from Xiabancheng D:_ （没有一个） are from Beijing,all of them
29、,most of them,some of them,none of them,Every student has many books, A:_（大多数）are textbooks.B:_ （一些） are extra curricular books.C:_ （其余的）are reference books.D:_（没有一本）are novels.E:_（有几本）are English books.,most of which,some of which,the rest of which,none of which,several of which,1.Do you know who l
30、ives in the： building_there is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of whoseC.in front of which D.in front which2.Ill never forget the day_I joined theLeague. A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which3.The woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom4.Jeanne was her
31、 old friend,_she borrowed a necklace. A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom5.His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. A.which B.with which C.without which D.that,C,A,B,B,C,做做试试,6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_much can be learned. A.who B.that C. from whic
32、h D.from whom 7.He built a telescope_he could study the skies. A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it8.Do you know the reason_he was late? A.that B.which C.for what D.for which9.I have bought two ballpens,_writes well. A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them10.The
33、 Second World War_millions of people were killed in 1945. A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which,D,C,D,B,A,11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which12.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which
34、C.which D.with which13.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high.14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_ which is bright and nice.15.The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.16.What were the things_which he was not too sure,C,D,at,of,in,of,17.They held a me
35、eting,_which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.19.Is this the man_whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug along tunnel_which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.21.Wu Dong,_whom I
36、 went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.22.The stories about Long March,_which this is one example,are well written.,at,for,in,through,with,of,1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year.2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _ _
37、she could turn for help.3.China has a lot of islands ,the largest_ _is Taiwan.4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_ _ _treated her well, _made her very sad. 5.There are forty students in our class,_ _20 are girls; the rest are boys.,which,To whom,of which,none of which,which,of whom,Exercis
38、e 1 :用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.I hate people _ talk much but do little.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who / that,which/ that,who / that,which / that,5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfath
39、er.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise 2.,My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and th
40、ings _ they couldnt remember.Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.,4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Wh
41、o is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,Jack saw a bicycle advertisement in a newspaper. The price was 68 dollars. So he went to the shop and asked to see the bicycle. The salesman was happy to s
42、how him . Jack checked the bicycle carefully. Soon,he said , “There isnt a lamp on this bicycle ,but there was one on the bicycle in the ad.” “Yes ,sir,” answered the man , “but the lamp isnt included in the price of the bicycle. “Not included in the price of the bicycle ?” Jack said angrily, “but t
43、he lamp was in the ad.It should be in the price.” “Well ,sir ,” answer the shop owner coldly, “there was also a girl on the bicycle in the ad ,but we cant give you a girl with the bicycle,either.” It is an ad _ Jack is a person_The bicycle in the ad is the one _,Match the two sentences1.Im reading a
44、 book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._,Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man who is
45、 smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,The house that they built it in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.I will never forget the poor boy who have no arms. We have done everything which can be done .He is the only man who I know in the city .I have been to the park which there are
46、a lot of flowers . The park where the old people usually go to is called Zhongshan park .Jim asked that who won .Look ! The tree where Jack is climbing is quite tall .,改错 （在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,The man who came here yesterday has come again.,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义
47、。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。,1.His mother ,whom he loved dearly,went abroad. 2.This machine ,which he has looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly.3.Aqiao,whose parents had died ,had to make a living by herself.4.The family ,
48、who lived upstairs,are fond of music.,说明：非限制性定语不能用that 引导； 作宾语用的关系代词不能省； 要用逗号隔开。,* As 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as
49、is often the case, as is expected. Etc. eg. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist. As is reported, China has become an important country in the world. He didnt come to attend the meeting, as is expected. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light. My son now goes to the school, which I used
50、go to when I was a child.,1._was natural,he married Jenny. A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs_we use in the experiment_ Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which D.who4.She is very good at dance,_every
