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1、自然拼读课程,Phonics,Phonics自然发音法是一套用自然记忆 的方式，建立字母与发音的直觉音感。不 用借助音标，看着字母就可以直接读出该 词的发音，解决单词不会读，无法拼的问 题。简单说：“自然拼读法”是教学生如何看词读音或是听音拼词的方法。,为什么要学习自然拼读法？,美国斯坦佛大学曾经以计算机分析字母与音位的对应关系，结果发现17,008个常用词中84%的字母与其读音是完全对应的13%的字母与其读音是不完全对应的 3%的字母与其读音的对应关系完全无法预测,自然拼读法可以帮助学生,见词能读 听词能写 不容易遗忘 提高阅读和写作能力,一、同形不同音的字母及音标,b,/b/,book b
2、ig bag box,/d/,d,desk doll dog dad,f,/f/,fine friend fly foot fan,h,/h/,hat he house hand,j,/ d /,jeep jam jacket jar,k,/k/,kite cake black thank,l,/l/,leg left ruler flag lamp,/l/,apple bowl tell old,m,/m/,am map my mouth,n,/n/,no know new hand,p,/ p /,map jeep pig pea,qu,/kw/,quite quilt quick,同形不
3、同音的字母及音标,r,/r/,red radio brother racket,/t/,t,it sit not that table little,v,/v/,five vase very seven,w,/w/,we window watch want,x,/ ks /,box six fox,z,/z/,zip zoo,同形不同音的字母及音标,Vowel,二、开音节与闭音节,1）音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节,开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节,A. 绝对开音节：是指一个元音音素后面没有辅音音素 而构成的音节,例如：we, hi, yo-yo, hi, no, be 等,B. 相对
4、开音节：是指一个元音音素后面有一个辅音音素(除r)之外，最后是一个不发音的e字母构成的音节，,例如:take, make,闭音节：指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)构成的音节,闭音节,元音字母 a, e, i(y), o, u 在重读闭音节中分别读 / /e/ /i/ / /,如 hand, help,lip,gym,hot,club.,II. Magic E,A AT ATEBE BED BEDEHI HID HIDENO NOT NOTEU US USE,a-e,Magic E (神奇的E),cake take lake make face name page,e-e,these
5、theme eve evening,o-e,nose coke rose rope hope pose,i-e,time five nine white write like lime ride,u-e,cute cube huge tube use,ai,ay 读/ei/,如 wait, aid；day, may.,ei,ey 读/ei/,如 veil, weight；grey, they, convey,oa, oe 读/u/,如 load, coat, toe,三、元音间的字母组合发音,ue, ui 读/u:/,如 glue, suit, blue, fruit,ea,ee 读/i:/,
6、如 eat, cheap；deep, need,ie,(c)ei 读/i:/,如 field, believe；receive, ceiling,oa 读/u/,如 road, soap, boat,ue 读/ju:/,如 Tuesday, value, pursue,元音间的字母组合发音,四、r音节 指以字母r或r +辅音字母结尾的音节,在r音节中：ar 读/:/, or 读/:/ er, ir, yr, ur 都读/:/,注：在/w/音后， ar读/:/, 如 war,warm,warn； or读/:/, 如 word,work,world,worse.,元音字母与r & re音节的示例,
7、ar a:,armchair card arm car cart park garden farm,er ,sister brother marker rooster under mother winter,ir :,dirty bird birthday circus girl dirt circle,or :,order fork pork,ur :,hurt turkey turtle surfing nurse purse fur,doctor actor favor, ,re音节 指元音字母与 re 结合而成的音节。,在re音节中：are读/e/，ere读/i/，ire,yre读/a
8、i/， ore读/ :/, ure读/ ju/,元音字母与r & re音节的示例,are e,hare scare square stare,ere i,here mere severe,ire ai,fire wire tire entire,ore :,more fore core before store,ure ju,cure pure endure,where there e,五、元音字母O的组合,oou,cook book look good foot boot,ow au,now how cow,ou au,mouth shout mouse loud house proud,o
9、i/oy i,oil toy noise boy,u:,school noodles food zoo,u,window bow low pillow blow slow,四、辅音字母的读音规则,1. c 在字母e，i，y前读/s/,如cell，city，cyber,其余情况下读/k/,如cat，club，code,2. g 在字母e，i，y前读/,如gene，gin，gym,其余情况下读/g/,如beg, golf, game,3. s 多数情况下读/s/,如six，desk，yes,有时读/z/,如is，his，visit,辅音字母的读音规则,4. x 处于两元音字母之间，且其后元音重读时
10、，读/gz/,如exist， exam,其余情况下读/ks/,如six, next, excuse,5. q 读/k/，常和u在一起读/kw/,如quick, question,五、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音,1. a在w音后面读 / / want what watch wash quality,2. a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 :,如 after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father,3. i在-nd -ld和gh前读ai find child light high,4. o在-st -ld前 u most postcard
11、 old cold,在m n v th前 come monkey love mother,5. 元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音 例如：June blue ruler super,六、 辅音字母组合的读音规则,1. ch, tch 读/，如China, much；catch, match,2. ph, gh 读 /f/，如photo, phone,3. sh 读 /，如shape, she, short, fish,4. th 多数情况下读/，如 three, third,但有时读/ ,如 that, than, with.(读/时可下画一线).,5. dg, dj 读/，如j
12、udge，lodging；adjust, adjective.,6. wh 在字母o前读/h/,如 who, whom, whose(其中的字母o读/u:/),其余情况下读/w/，如which，when，why,7. n 在和字母g构成字母组合时，以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前（如c, g, k等）读/,如long,thing,length；angry,finger；drink,think,thank,long.,8. gu 在元音前读/g/，如guess,guide,guest；,在字母n后读/gw/，如language distinguish，linguist,辅音字母组合的读音规则,七
13、、 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则,1. a, o, u 读/，如 China, second, difficult,2. e, i, y 读/i/,如 result,victim,happy,八、元音字母组合的读音规则,1. au,aw 读/:/,如 cause, aural, launch, sauce, law, dawn,2. eu,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如 neutral, deuce；new, view, review,3. air,aer 读/e/,如 air,fair; aerial, aeroplane,4. ear,eer 读/i/如 ear, clear；beer
14、, deer,5. our 读/au/如 our, sour, hour,6. igh 读/ai/,如 high, light, might, night,7. augh,ough 读/:/,如 daughter, caught, taught； ought,fought, thought,8. oul 在 could,should,would 中读/u/,元音字母组合的读音规则,九、 几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则,1. a 在后缀-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中读/i/，如 palace,comrade,village,accurate,2. e 在后缀-el,-en,-ent
15、,-ence,-ency中读/,如cruel,open,student,silence,fluency,3. i 在后缀-ible中读/, 如 possible,4. ai,ay,ei,ey 在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如mountain,Friday,forfeit,valley,十、其他字母组合的读音规则,1. -ful 读/ful/,如 helpful, harmful, useful,2. -gue 读/g/,如 dialogue, catalogue,3. -que 读/k/,如 cheque, picturesque,4. -ous 读/s/,如 famous, generou
16、s, nervous,5. -our 读/,如 favour, honour, labour,6. -ure 读/,如 figure, injure. 但在failure中读/j/,7. -ow 读/u/,如 window, yellow, pillow,8. -ture 读/,如 picture, culture, furniture,9. -ion 读/n/, 如 fashion, cushion,10. -stion 读/sn/ , 如 question, sugestion, digestion,11. -i 在字母 d,t,n,l 后，且在元音字母前，读/j/。如 audience,
17、frontier,opinion,familar,其他字母组合的读音规则,十一、其他读音规则,oo,1. 读/u/,A. 在字母k前（book,look,took）,B. 在good,foot,stood,wood,wool中,C.在派生词goodness,football,woolen中,2.读/u:/ 在其余情况下读/u:/,如: cool,food,loose,room,zoo,3.读/ / 在flood，blood及其派生词（flooding,bloodless等）中读/ /,1. -sure,在元音字母后读/,如 closure, exposure,在辅音字母后读/，如 pressu
18、re,flexure(x=ks),2. -sion,在元音字母后读/n/，如 vsion, occasion, divsion,在辅音字母后读/n/，如 discussion,impression,expansion,3. -ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi 在字母 a,e,o 前读/,如： ocean； social；Asia；partial；Egyptian；suffcient； patient；prcious；Russian；anxious,其他读音规则,十二、其他组合,kn :knit knob knee knife knock,wr :write wrist wrinkle wr
19、ap wreath,mb :bomb thumb lamb numb comb crumb,sp :spell spider spinach spaceship spoon,st :store star storm stamp stockings stick student stand,sc :scale scarf scarecrow scooter scorpion scoop scanner,sk :skirt skunk skis skates,VII. Consonant Blends:,BeginningS-family ( st, sk, sp,)R-family ( gr, b
20、r, dr, cr, pr, tr, wr)L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl)EndingN-family ( nt, nd, nk)Others (mp, st)Three letters (scr, spl, str,spr),VII. Consonant Blends:,st:student stone stopsp:speak space spoonsc:scary scarf scarsk:sky skirt skate,S-family ( st, sk, sp,),VII. Consonant Blends:,bl:block blond hai
21、r blousepl:plum plate planegl:glue glasses glovecl:clay class clonefl:fly dragonfly butterfly,L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl),VII. Consonant Blends:,br:brown broom brickpr:pray prince princessgr:grape grey grincr:cry crazy crown,R-family ( gr, br, dr, cr, pr, tr, wr),VII. Consonant Blends:,fr:Fri
22、day friend fruittr:tree track tripdr:driver dream draw,VII. Consonant Blends:,sl:slid slide slowsn:snake snap snailsm:smoke smooth smilesw:swan sweater switch,VIII. Consonant Digraphs:,ch:cherry watch beachck:duck clock blockssh:sheet ship sheep,VIII. Consonant Digraphs:,gh:laugh cough toughph:troph
23、y photo elephantth:think three thank,VIII. Consonant Digraphs:,th:leather weather togetherwh:whale white wheelwr:wrinkle write wreath,VIIII. Others:,ing:king ring swingew:new dew nephewall:wall ball tallal:salt walk talk,Tongue twisters（绕口令）关于字母组合ee的发音。 What can you see? I can see a bee. Where is the bee? Its in the tree. What colour is the tree? It is green. I can see a bee in the green tree.,Revision,Tongue twisters（绕口令）,关于字母组合ow的发音。 Snow snow/Fall slow/ On the window/That is yellow.,Thank you very much!,
