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1、. it 用作形式主语.1 代替主语从句1）It is + adj. +that从句 It is clear ( obvious， true， possible certain.) that . “清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. . It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is import
2、ant that we (should) learn English well.,2）.It is +v-ed +that 从句 It is said (reported， learned.) that . 据说（据报道，据悉）“。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. . It is suggested ( ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded. ) that . 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为“据建议；有
3、命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.,= He is said to have come to Beijing.,3）. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill.
4、,4). It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟常译为“是（正是）的时侯” It is time that children went to bed. It is the first ( second . ) time that . “是第一（二）次”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.,5). It happens (seems， looks
5、， appears ) that. 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来,6). It doesnt matter whether ( if ) .,该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。,It doesnt matter if they are
6、 old.,.2.作形式主语替代不定式 1). It takes sb. . to do sth. 做要花费某人 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 2). It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ，stupid ， wise wrong等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It i
7、s kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 3). It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ，common ，normal ，hard ， difficult ,dangerous ， 等。 在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) c
8、ome to the party.,It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , no use ,useless It is no good learning English without writing English. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.,.3.作形式主语替代ing形式,. It looks ( seems ) as if .,常译为，“看起来好象”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气,It looks as if he is ill.（真的
9、病了）,It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）,It seemed as if he were dying.,. It is up to sb. to do sth.,It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。 It is up to parents to teach their children manners. 该由父母教孩子礼貌。,It is your turn to clean our classroom today.,. It is ones turn to do sth.,今天该轮
10、到你做教室清洁。,It is no wonder that he didnt want to go.No wonder he didnt want to go.,. It is no wonder that,在该句型中如果用肯定形式，表示“真奇怪，真是令人惊讶”；,It is a wonder that he reused such a good offer.,真奇怪，他拒绝了这样好的帮助。,难怪他不愿去。,4. It 作形式宾语. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为61
11、23结构。 6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days., fi
12、nd possibleS+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /that feel important ,Sentence patterns:,形式宾语, a rule2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /that an honour ,3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth. no use,We think it our duty to clean ourclassroom every day. He felt it no good pl
13、aying computergames. They found it difficult that they wouldfinish their work in two days.,该句型中的it是一个形式宾语，表示模糊意思或代替后面that 引导的宾语从句。因为在这个句型中的谓语动词都是需要跟宾语的，但又不能直接跟从句作宾语，于是就得在从句前加上一个形式宾语it。,. We are counting on it that you will come.,常见的短语和动词有：count on (依靠，指望，期盼), see to(负责), depend on (依靠), rely on(信赖，依
14、靠)等。,I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04全国)A. this B. that C. it D. one,点拨:这是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词(如like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate等)或包含介词的动词短语(如see to, depend on等)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.,I like (enjoy, hate) it whenI would appreciate it ifsee to (depend on)
15、it that,Sentence patterns:,C,形式宾语,）make it 及时赶到;成功;办成 You can make it if you hurry. You neednt worry; he will make it.,）put it 说, 评价 “He is an honest man.” Tom put it.,Special notice:,it be vs there be,“是”,“有”,_ someone at the door. I think _ the man to deliver the milk. Lets hurry! _ a long way to
16、go. _ no need to hurry. We still get much time. _ a wonder that he refuses such a good offer.,There is,it is,There is,There is,It is,It is? There is?,5. _ no doubt that he has done something bad.6. _ no possibility that he will cheat us.7. _ no good arguing with the unreasonable woman. 8. _ no diffe
17、rence between the two plans.,There is,There is,It is,There is,9._ was a time when10._ is no denying that11._ is a chance that12_used to be a tree in the house.13._ goes without saying that不言而喻14._ occurred to sb that,15._ is convenient to sb.16.When _ comes to football, I am worse.17._ turned out that18._ hadnt been for the exams, I would have been there.,
