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1、,Plot,Outline of our PPT.,1. Theoretical introduction of “plot”2. Plot summary of chapter 1&2 -exposition3. Plot summary of chapter 3&4 rising action4. Plot summary of chapter 5,6&7-climax5. Plot summary of chapter 8&9 -resolution,Definition of plot,In a dramatic or narrative work, the plot is const
2、ituted by its events and actions, as these are rendered and ordered toward achieving particular artistic and emotional effectsActions are performed by particular characters in a work and are the means by which they exhibit their moral and dispositional qualitiesPlot and characters are therefore inte
3、rdependent critical concepts,Narration (叙事手法)in The Great Gatsby,Generally, the plots in The Great Gatsby are exquisitely and effectively arranged by the author Most of the plots are presented in chronological order(顺叙), with some flashbacks interspersed（倒叙或插叙）.,Flashbacks,Interpolated narratives or
4、 scenes (often justified,or naturalized, as a memory, a reverie, or a confession by one of the characters) which represent events that happened before the time at which the work opened.In The Great Gatsby, both Gatsbys past and his love story with Daisy are narrated by Gatsby as flashbacks, which ca
5、n create some suspense and make the novel balanced and more intriguing. (In chapter 4,6&8),Plot analysis,The plot develops by following a common thread: Gatsbys obsessed pursuit of his once-beloved girl Daisy. The novel is narrated by a minor character: Nick, the narrator, commentator and witness of
6、 all the events, which gives the novel the first-person point of view. Common model for analyzing the plot: Freytags pyramid plot.,First-person points of view,This mode limits the matter of the narratives to whatthe first person narrator knows, experiences, infers, or finds out by talking to the oth
7、er characters.1.“I”: a fortuitous witness &author of the matter (Eg. Marlow in Heart of Darkness)2.“I”: a participant, but only a minor one (Eg. Nick in The Great Gatsby)3.“I”: myself, a central character (Eg. Jane Eyre & Great Expectation),Freytags pyramid,Freytag (1863,a German critic) used a pyra
8、midal shape of five components to describe a storys plot.,Freytags pyramid,Exposition: the start of the story, the situation before the action starts (chapter 1&2),Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax(chapter 3&4),Climax: the turning point, the most
9、intense momenteither mentally or in action (chapter 5-7),Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax (chapter 8),Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads (chapter 9),Plot summary of chapter 1&2,The story begins with the narrator, Nick Carraway, aMidwesterne
10、rwho has graduated fromYaleand fought inWorld War I, has returned home to begin a career. The novel opens early in the summer of 1922 in West Egg, Long Island, where Nick has rented a house next to the mansion ofGatsby, the mysterious host of regular, extravagant parties.,Plot overview-chapter 1,Tom
11、 and Daisy Buchanan live across the bay in the more fashionable East Egg, where the old money is. Daisy is Nicks cousin, and Tom and Nick had been in the same senior society at Yale College. They invite Nick to dinner at their mansion where he meets a young woman named Jordan Baker, who Daisy wants
12、Nick to date. During dinner the phone rings, Jordan informs Nick that the caller is Toms mistress from New York.,Plot overview-chapter 1,Around three weeks after that evening at the Buchanans, Tom takes Nick to meet the Wilsons. He then takes Myrtle , Toms mistress and Nick to New York to a party in
13、 a flat he is renting for her.,Plot overview-chapter 2,The ostentatious behavior and conversation of the others at the party repulse Nick, and he tries to leave. At the same time, he finds himself fascinated by the lurid spectacle of the group. This contradiction suggests the ambivalence that he fee
14、ls toward the Buchanans, Gatsby, and the East Coast in general.,Plot overview-chapter 2,Plot overview-chapter 2,The party breaks up when Myrtle insolently starts shouting Daisys name, and Tom breaks her nose with a blow of his open hand.,Chapter1&2exposition,The marriage of Tom and Daisy Buchanansee
15、ms menaced by a quiet desperation beneath its pleasant surface. Tom is arrogant and dishonest, advancing racist arguments at dinner and carrying on relatively public love affairs. Daisy, on the other hand, tries hard to be shallow, even going so far as to say she hopes her baby daughter will turn ou
16、t to be a fool, because women live best as beautiful fools. Jordan Baker furthers the sense of sophisticated fatigue hanging over East Egg: her cynicism, boredom, and dishonesty are at sharp odds with her wealth and beauty.,Narrator& commentator-Nick,Nick Carraway narrates in both first and third pe
17、rson, presenting only what he himself observes. Nick gives his own interpretations of the storys meaning and of the motivations of the other characters.,Participator-Nick,His position in relation to the other characters gives him a perfect vantage point from which to tell the storyhe is Daisys cousi
18、n, Toms old college friend, and Gatsbys neighbor, and all three trust and rely on him.Nicks description of himself in the opening chapter holds true throughout the novel.,Plot summary of chapter 3&4,Content,Chapter 3&4 as a whole-transitionPlot in chapter 3Plot in chapter 4Conflicts in chapter 3&4Fu
19、rther thinking,Chapter 3&4 as a whole,Introduction of GatsbyPreparation for the reunion of Gatsby and Daisy,Chapter 3,Chapter 3 is devoted to the introduction of Gatsby and the lavish, showy world he inhabits. Gatsby made his first appearance in this chapter. Before that, we have seen Gatsby from a
20、distance, heard other characters talk about him, and listened to Nicks thoughts about him, but have not actually met him.,Chapter 3,Despite this introduction, this chapter continues to heighten the sense of mystery that surrounds Gatsby. We still knows little about him.It seems that he stands outsid
21、e the throng of pleasure-seekers.,Chapter 3,In his first direct contact with Gatsby, Nick notices his extraordinary smile “one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it.” Nicks impression of Gatsby emphasizes his optimism and vitality something about him seems remarkably hopef
22、ul, and this belief in the brilliance of the future impresses Nick.,Chapter 4,Chapter 4 is concerned largely with the mysterious question of Gatsbys past. From the description of Gatsby himself;From the description of Mr. Wolfshiem;From the description of Jordan.,Chapter4,From the description of Gat
23、sby himself:Far-fetched account of his grand upbringing and heroic exploits.He produces what appears to be proof of his story: the medal.,Chapter 4,From the description of Mr. Wolfshiem:The luncheon with Wolfshiem gives Nick his first unpleasant impression that Gatsbys fortune may not have been obta
24、ined honestly.,Chapter 4,From the description of Jordan:Jordans story paints Gatsby as a lovesick, innocent young soldier, desperately trying to win the woman of his dreams.,Conflicts,Clamor and bustle in the partyGatsby, the lovesick soldierrepresentative of hope and authenticityNick, admiration,Lo
25、neliness of GatsbyGatsby, the crooked businessman representative of greed and moral corruptionNick, repulsion,Further thinking,The long list of guestsMeeting Tom unexpectedly during the lunchGatsby asking Nick for a favor rather than contacting Daisy directly,Plot summary of chapter 5,6&7,the reunio
26、n of Gatsby and Daisy,A brief introduction of Gatsbys past of how he became wealthy, and the first time Tom and Daisy both go to Gatsbys party.,Chapter 5,Chapter 6,Chapter 7,A detailed description of the car accident (before it, after it),The climax,development,The Main Content of Each Part,Plot Ana
27、lysis,Combine the characters with the plots,Plot design: Critical Time,The characteristics of each character that contributes to Gatsbys death,Two time periods after the car accident contribute to Gatsbys death,Combine the characters with the plots(mainly after the car accident),1. Jay Gatsby,“Well,
28、 I tried to swing the wheel”He broke off, and suddenly I guessed at the truth.“Was Daisy driving?”“Yes,” he said after a moment, “but of course Ill say I was.”(130),“Im just going to wait here and see if he tries to bother her about that unpleasantness this afternoon.”As Nick says: “He spoke as if D
29、aisys reaction was the only thing that mattered.”,Gatsby uses his life to love Daisy. And Daisy is all that he has. Without Daisy, all the other things are meaningless, including his life.,Though Daisy knows that her husband Tom has a lover, she doesnt know anything more than that. After Gatsby show
30、s his love for Daisy in front of Tom, Daisy becomes very anxious. In order to calm herself, she drives home in a bad mood. During her driving, Myrtle, Toms lover, runs from besides. Five years ago, Daisy and Gatsby love each other very much. Now, Daisy and Gatsby have a reunion. When seeing Gatsbys
31、success and fortune, shocked and tempted, Daisy seems to love Gatsby again. However, when she hears how Gatsby gains his fortune and fame, she becomes hesitant again. This hesitation provides Tom an opportunity to take a revenge on Gatsby. At last, Daisy chooses to work together with Tom and sacrifi
32、ces Gatsby.,Although Daisy is Gatsbys dream, representing all the beautiful things in the world, she is not able to shoulder this role because she is no more than a material girl like others.,2. Daisy Buchaway,On the way home, Tom witnesses the car accident. His first reaction is to tell Mr. Wilson
33、that he has nothing to do with that accident.“That yellow car I was driving this afternoon wasnt minedo you hear? I havent seen it all afternoon.”. Then, what Nick sees outside Toms house proves his thought. In Toms view, the best way to take revenge on Gatsby is to persuade Daisy, who Gatsby loves
34、most, to betray Gatsby.,Tom is a sly and selfish person. He looks upon Gatsby, also hates him deeply. Framing up Gatsby is a perfect way to take a revenge.,3. Tom Buchaway,In the eyes of the neighborhood, George is the kind of person who listens to his wife and never has any ideas himself. Though he
35、 has known his wifes betrayal before, his wifes death is a great beat to him. He is sure that the man who kills his wife and the man who commits adultery with his wife are actually one person. According to Mr. Wilson, the man who kills Myrtle has certain intention. So taking a revenge on the owner o
36、f the yellow car is a good idea because he can punish him for both his adultery and murder.,George is a simple, even a little foolish man. He loves his wife and cannot endure his wifes betray. So he at last is taken advantaged by Tom and Daisy.,4. George Wilson,It is very late when the car accident
37、happens. When she runs from the garage, she cannot see clearly the man in the yellow car. She has seen Tom driving that car in the afternoon, so she thinks the man in the car is Tom and wants to talk with him. Gatsby also describes Mrs. Wilsons action to Nick: “ But it seemed to me that she wanted t
38、o speak to us, though we were somebody she knew.”,She has no relationship with Gatsby, but her death provides an opportunity for Tom to take revenge on Gatsby.,5. Myrtle Wilson,The time design of the plot in the story is very important. The author specially designs the time of the car accident and t
39、he time after the accident. At first, because it is late when the car accident happens, Myrtle mistakes the person in the car for Tom, so she runs out and knocks to death. This provides Tom an opportunity to take revenge on Gatsby.,Plot design: Critical Time,When Tom and Nick drive back to their res
40、idence, Nicks girlfriend says: “Its only half past nine.” Then Tom and Daisy conspire to sacrifice Gatsby until 04:00 the next day. During this six and a half hours, Daisy changes from terror to calmness because she has found a way to get herself out of the car accident, which is to sacrifice Gatsby
41、. Ironically, during this six and a half hours, Gatsby stands outside her window, waiting for her to sleep. The wretched Gatsby doesnt know that his beloved Daisy will frame up him.,Then, the time period after the car accident also have great effects on Gatsbys tragic life.,Six and a half hours (21:
42、3004:00),Plot summary of chapter 8&9,Content,Falling Action Chapter 8,Resolution Chapter 9,Gatsbywas killed.,What happened before?,What willhappen next?,the final climax,Chapter 8,The questions: When? How? Who? Why?,What happened before?,Nick passes a sleepless night. Before dawn, he rises restlessl
43、y and goes to visit Gatsby at his mansion.,Gatsby tells Nick about courting Daisy in Louisville in 1917. She promised to wait for him when he left for the war, but then she married Tom. (Flashback),Analyze Gatsbys love for Daisy.Daisy is the whole of Gatsbys dream.,The gardener interrupts and worrie
44、s that falling leaves will clog the pool drains. Gatsby tells the gardener to wait a day; he says he has never used the pool and wants to go for a swim.,The weather corresponds to the plot,Gatsby clings to the hope of making Daisy love him the way she used to.,As Nick walks away, he turns back and s
45、houts that Gatsby is worth more than the Buchanans and all of their friends.,Nick is the only one who understands Gatsby.Nick cherishes Gatsby and his dream.,The morning after the accident in which Mrs Wilson was killed, the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg, illuminated by the dawn, overwhelm Wilson.
46、Wilson eventually goes to Gatsbys house.Wilson shoots Gatsby, killing him instantly, then shoots himself.,Wilson thinks that God sees everything.,Nick hurries back to West Egg and finds Gatsby floating dead in his pool.,What will happen next?,Chapter 9,Events surrounded Gatsbys funeral,Nick tries to
47、 hold a large funeral for Gatsby, but all of his former friends and acquaintances have either disappeared or refused to come.The only people to attend the funeral are Nick, Owl Eyes, a few servants, and Gatsbys father, who has come all the way from Minnesota.,Why there are only few people attend the
48、 funeral?A sharp contrast to Chapter 4 a list of guests in Gatsbys Party.,Nick encounters Tom on Fifth Avenue in New York City. Tom tells him that he was the one who told Wilson that Gatsby owned the car that killed Mrs Wilson.,Surface reason: the accident; Daisy, Tom & Wilson.But, deep reason: resu
49、lting from his stark refusal to accept what he cant control: the passage of time.,The death of Gatsby,Sick of the East and its empty values, Nick decides to move back to the Midwest. Before leaving, Nick walks over to Gatsbys empty mansion and sprawls out on the beach behind Gatsbys house and looks up.,Open endingThink about life, dream, pastboth for Nick and for us.,
