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1、宾语从句基本用法,嘉陵区石楼小学罗朝伦,宾语从句基本用法嘉陵区石楼小学,一、宾语从句的概念,我们已经学过名词、动名词、代词或不定式形式都可以作宾语。如： I have a book. My brother bought it . I like reading the book. I want to remember it . 这时宾语可以用一个单词或短语表达，我们就直接把该单词或短语放置于动词后面做宾语。 但是，如果要表达“我知道你昨天去看电影了”，就无法用一个单词来表达“你昨天去看电影了”，这是一个完整的句子，只能用句子表达，即： I know (that ) you saw a movie
2、 yesterday. 这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子，就叫做宾语从句。,一、宾语从句的概念 我们已经学过名,二、宾语从句三要素连接词,（一）连接词,1. that 引导2. whether / if 引导3. 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句 .,（一）连接词1. that 引导,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,（原句是陈述句）注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g. I hope (that) _. （今年冬天能下雪）He said (that) _.
3、（他非常想念我们）The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）,it will snow this winter,he missed us very much,the earth goes around the sun,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句（原句是一般疑问句）,1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. Ask him _.（他是否能来）3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨）,if /whether he will go to the park with us
4、,whether /if he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句1. I w,注意:只用whether不用if的四种情况1. 在带to的动,练习1.Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _here yesterday.2. Is Lingling a student? I dont know. I dont know _ or not.3.
5、我不知道明天是否会下雨。 I dont know _ or not.,whether Lingling is a student,whether it will rain torrow,练习whether/if camewhether Lingl,who could answer the question,who(m) they are waiting for,whose handwriting was the best in the class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the
6、train is late,由连接代词what, whom, whose, which,（二）语序：陈述句语序 We dont kno,把一个特殊疑问句放在宾语从句中，我们要做好两步：1.移。就是把特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词移到句子中来;2.变。就是把特殊疑问词后面的一般疑问句变为陈述句语序。e.g. How can I get to the park? I dont know.首先，我们把主句找出来，即：I dont know.那么接下来是：我不知道什么呢？后面就需要一个宾语从句，而后面的句子是以特殊疑问词 How 来引导，所以，第一步把特殊疑问词移下来变为： I dont know how.
7、第二步看剩下的部分： can I get to the park?是一个一般疑问句，要变成陈述句，即把主语放到前面：I can get to the park.那么这句话就变成了：I dont know how I can get to the park.,把一个特殊疑问句放在宾语从句中，我们要做好两步：,练习 1. Where is Tony from? I dont know. _ 2. How old is Lingling ? Miss Li wants to know. _ 3. When will my father come back? I cant tell you. _ 4.
8、 Where is the bus stop ? The man asks. _,I dont know,where,Tony is from.,Miss Li wants to know,how old,Lingling is .,I cant tell you,when,my father will come back.,The man asks,where,the bus stop is .,练习I dont knowwhereTony is f,（三）宾语从句中的时态1. 当主句是一般现在时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。e.g.I know he is a teacher.
9、I know he was a teacher three years ago. I know he was been a teacher for 3 years. I know he will be a teacher in the future.,（三）宾语从句中的时态,2. 主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去的某种时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）. e.g. He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. I said I was reading a book at that moment. He sa
10、id he would go home.,2. 主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去的某种,3. 当宾语从句所陈述的是客观事实、自然现象或一般真理时，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用 一般现在时态。 e.g. The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.,3. 当宾语从句所陈述的是客观事实、自然现象或一般真理时，即,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. “Where is Tom?” They asked. 2. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 3. “ I am doin
11、g my homework.” He said. 4. “I will come back.” Tom said.,They asked,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,where,Tom was.,将下列句子合并为一句:They asked He ask,1could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此,当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppo,例题
12、解析,1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2019. A. where does she live B. Where she livesC. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2.Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn
13、t watch the game 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。,例题解析1. Miss Green didnt tell,例题解析,3. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4. -We dont know _. -It is sa
14、id that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和上下文的意思的连贯性。只有C符合要求。,例题解析3. I dont know when _,例题解析,5 Could you tell me ? AMrs. King where lives B.where does Mrs. King liveCwhere Mrs. King lives D.Mrs. King liv
15、es where答案 C. 析 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。6 - Can you tell me ? Sure,Shes a nurseAwho is your sister Bwho your sister is Cwhat is your sister Dwhat your sister is答案 D. 析 who 问的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my father .What 问的是职业，如： What is he?/what does he do? He is a teacher.7 Could you tell me ?Awhen
16、 the train will arrive Bwhen the train arrived Cwhen did the train arrive Dwhen does the train arrives答案 A. 析 could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。,例题解析5 Could you tell me ?,例题解析,8.I dont know to read the wordAwhich Bwhat Cwhose Dhow答案 D. 析 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物动词，已有自己的宾语 the word， 所以应用疑问副词
17、 how。9 . I wonder Awhose bicycle is it Bit is whose bicycleCis it whose bicycle Dwhose bicycle it is答案 D.析 wonder 后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。,例题解析,1.Could you tell me we get to the place? Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 2.The teacher saysshe will leave a message on the headmasters desk. Aif Bwho Cthat Dwhat 3.I am not
18、 sure _ he will come tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. who 4.-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if,A,C,解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词,Exercises:,B,A,AC解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词Exercises,5.Do you know how much hot water?AMum is neededBdoes Mum needCMum needs Ddid Mum need6.Ca
19、n you tell me?Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he7.I want to know how long.Ahas he been backBhas he come backChe has been backDhe has come back,C,A,C,解题指导二：语序正常：连接词后紧跟主语+谓语，即宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。,5.Do you know how much hot wat,8.I thought he _to see his mother if he _time.Awill gohasBwill go
20、will haveCwould go would haveDwould go had9.Do you know?A. what the news areB. what is the newsC. what the news is D. what are the news,8.I thought he _to see his,解题指导三: 时态呼应若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要用过去的某个时态，客观真理除外。,10. I didnt know how to London?Awould they goBare they goingCthey would goDthey are going,C,解题指导三: 时态呼应10. I didnt kno,Thank you!,Thank you!,END,END,
