中考英语语法时态串讲ppt课件.ppt

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1、中考英语语法,时态,教 学 目 标,第 一 部 分,英语时态和汉语时间表示的区别,什 么 是 时 态 ?,汉 语 有 没 有 时 态 ?,汉语中的时间表达方式-加入时间词,英语中的时间表达方式-时态,时态的含义-时间表示法,一:时，即每种时态对应一个时间段，学习时态一定要先弄明白每种时态所在生活中对应的时间。这是理解的问题二:态，即每种时态都有自己独特的表达方式。这点和汉语存在巨大的差别。汉语中表达时间只需要在时间词上做变化就达到目的了，而英语除了时间词上做变化，谓语动词也要有相应的变化。,汉语和英语对于时间不同的划分方法,一般现在时,现在进行时,过去完成时,一般将来时,一般过去时,过去进行时

2、,过去将来时,将来,现在,过去,现在完成时,汉语和英语对于时间描述的基本区别,第 二 部 分,练习找到每种时态在生活中的代表的时间含义,我平时在7点起床,今天我打算在8点起床,我正在起床,昨天我7点起床的,昨天7点我正在起床,昨天我打算在8点起床,昨天7点我已经起床了,今天7点我已经起床了,过去时,1. I get up at 7:00.2. I will get up at 8. I am going to get up at 8. 3. I am getting up now4. I have gotten up till 7:00.5. I got up at 7 last mornin

3、g6. I was getting up at 7 last morning7. I would get up at 8 last morning . I was going to get up at 8. 8. I had gotten up till 8 last morning,这座山终年云雾缭绕,这座山昨天云雾缭绕,我明天想游览这座山,我正在爬山,我昨天下午正在爬山,我今天已经爬过这座山了,我昨天想游览这山,我昨天下午已经爬过这座山了,第 三 部 分,八种时态的讲解,现在,过去,一 般 现 在 时,1:一般现在时,一般现在时的两层含义,经常发生的动作或存在的状态,I go to sch

4、ool by bike 我骑车上学,It is very hot. 天很热,客观事实或普遍真理,A:,B:,The sun rises in the east.太阳从东升起,易错点: 上下文用过去时,表示客观真理仍然要用一般现在时,He said that the earth is round.他说地球是圆的,(时),He said “ I will kill you.”He said that he would kill him.He said “ the earth is round.”He said that the earth is round,Be 动词类(状态),行为动词类(动作)

5、,I amHe/she/it(单)+isYou/they/we(复)+are,主(复)+v(原),They like game.,主(单)+Vs,He likes game.,(态),前提:一般现在时,be前置于句首.?,He is a student.,Is he a student?,Do+主+v原.?(复),They like game.,Do they like game?,Does+主+v原.?(单),He likes game.,Does he like game?,前提:一般现在时,主+be not+.,He is a student.,He is not a student.,

6、主+do not+v原.(复),They like game.,They do not like game,主+doesnt+v原.(单),He likes game.,He does not like game,特殊用法:,在状语从句中,如果主句和从句都表示将来的时间含义, 那么从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时.,I will go if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天好天我就去We shall be away when he arrives.他一来我们就离开I wont go out unless you agree.我不会出去除非你同意,If it is rainy to

7、morrow, I will sleep/ fall asleep at homeWhen she gets home, I will finish dinner.As soon as you come, I will go.Her mother will look after her if she is ill,练习(用一般现在时完成句子),Your shoes (be ) under the bed.I (be) very well, thank you. We (have) many books.She (have) a book in her hand.I (live) in Kai

8、Feng.He (watch) TV every evening.She never (get) up late.He (not care) what you do.,请将3,6,8句改成疑问句和否定句,现 在 进 行 时,现在进行时(时),表示现在正在发生的动作,强调眼前这一点.,Im writing a letter.我正在写信They are learning English.他们正在学英语Is it raining now?现在下雨了吗?,和come,go leave,start,arrive等词连用,表示即将发生的动作.,Im seeing him tomorrow.我准备明天看他W

9、hat are you doing next week?你下周打算干什么?,现在进行时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,练习1(用括号内词组回答问题),What are you doing now ?(read a book)(walk through the park)(open a bottle)(drink tea)(have lunch)(look at some pictures),将上面1和7两个句子改为否定句和疑问句,一 般 将 来 时,一般将来时(时):,表示以现在为起点,将要发生的事情.,He will go swimming tomorrow.他准备明天游泳He is goi

10、ng to go swimming tomorrow.They will go swimming tomorrow他们准备明天游泳They are going to go swimming tomorrow.,(态),1,2,A:,B:,1,2,一般将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,一般将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,还有没有不是将来时,但能表示将来的含义的时态呢?,一般将来时,主+will + V原,主+be going to + V原,一般现在时,主句将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,现在进行时,瞬间动词做谓语,表示将来含义,练习:将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句,You will

11、be late.We will stay with them.He is going to learn English.They will fly to London tomorrow.,一 般 过 去 时,一般过去时(时):,表示过去某段时间发生的动作,反复发生的动作或存在的状态.,He went swimming yesterday.他昨天去游泳了They liked going swimming 他们以前喜欢游泳He was a teacher.他以前是老师They were teachers.他们以前是老师,Be 动词类(状态),行为动词类(动作),I +wasHe/she/it(单)

12、+wasYou/they/we(复)+were,主+V过去式,They liked game.,(态),They came here.,前提:一般过去时,be前置于句首.?,He was a student.,Was he a student?,Did+主+v原.?,They liked game.,Did they like game?,He liked game.,Did he like game?,前提:一般现在时,主+be not+.,He was a student.,He was not a student.,主+did not+v原.,They liked game.,They

13、did not like game,He liked game.,He did not like game,一般现在时,PK,一般过去时,时间状语的变化,在.之前,练习:ago与before,例:I entered middle school (大约五年前). I entered middle school about 5 years ago.,They came here(暑假前) and I met them(三天前)It was very cold(春节前)He lived in Kai Feng (2002年以前)She decided to do it (3分钟以前),现 在 完 成

14、 时,现在完成时(时),最难的地方是和一般过去时的时间上的区别.,现在完成时是以过去为时间起点,但是说话人着眼于现在的结果,而不管过去是什么时候发生的.,正在射击,He is shooting.他正在射击,刚才射击,He shot .他刚才射击,刚才射击,一直射击到现在(完成时),He has shot till now.他到现在一直在射击,现在完成时(从过去开始,现在已完成或未完成),He did his homework just now他刚才做作业,He did his homework just now (他刚才做作业) he has done till now. (一直到现在仍然在做

15、).he has done over 3 hours(他一直写了三个小时),现在完成时,You are a student now你现在是个学生,You have been a student since 1996你从1996年就是学生.You have been a student for 9 years你作为一个学生已经九年了.,现在完成时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,现在完成时易错点,come, go, leave, arrive, join, die, marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的, 故不能和since for等表示一段时间的状语连用,典型错误,正确句子,经常用的几个转换,

16、He died 3 years ago. He has been dead for 3 years. He went to HZC 3 days ago he has been in HZC for 3 days. He married 3 days ago. he has been married for 3 days. The student bought the book two days ago.(完成)The student _ _ the book _ two days ago.,现在完成时(特殊用法,注意区别),Have gone to sp已经去某地He has gone to

17、 zz他已经去郑州了.,Have been to sp曾去过某地He has been to zz他曾去过郑州,since 、for的区别,过 去 进 行 时,过去进行时(时),表示过去正在发生的动作,强调过去这一点.有表示过去的时间提示(或上下文/或有时间词),I was writing a letter that time.我那时正在写信They were learning English last night. 他们正在学英语was it raining at that time?那时正在下雨了吗?,过去进行时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,现在进行时,PK,过去进行时,过 去 将 来

18、时,过去将来时(时):,表示以过去某一时间点为起点,将要发生的事情.,That day he said he would go to school. 那天他说他准备去上学They told me that they would go to school. 他们告诉我他们准备去上学They told me that they were going to go to school. 他们告诉我他们准备去上学,一般将来时,PK,过去将来时,(态),1,2,A:,B:,1,2,过去将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,过去将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,过 去 完 成 时,过去完成时(时),到过

19、去某一时间点已经完成的动作或状态,并且可能继续延续下去.,其实就是把现在完成时放在过去来看,到昨天下午3点我的作业已经写完了I had finished my homework till the last day 3:oo P.M.,过去完成时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,时态的记忆规则,It _(rain) when I _(wake up) last Saturday. It always _(rain) when I am not working. We_ (plan) to go to the seaside, but in the end we_ (decide) to go to

20、 the theatre instead. We _(miss) the bus ,and _(arrive) late. we _(arrange) to meet John outside the theatre and he_ (wait) for 20 minutes when we_ (get) there. The play_ (already start) when we_ (go) inIts Monday again today, and I _(work) as usual. I _(sit) here in the office for the last two hour

21、s but I _(not do) much work yet. I (feel) to fed up to work. I _(already have) my holiday this year. I _(go) to scotland in July and it_ (rain) every day. Tomorrow I_ (book) a holiday for next April in Spain.,综合练习(2)接上文,Its Monday again today, and I _(work) as usual. I _(sit) here in the office for the last two hours but I _(not do) much work yet. I (feel) to fed up to work. I _(already have) my holiday this year. I _(go) to scotland in July and it_ (rain) every day. Tomorrow I_ (book) a holiday for next April in Spain.,综合练习(答案),本讲结束,谢谢收看,